形容词基本用法及句型（期末复习讲义）【含答案详解】

专题04形容词基本用法及句型（期末复习讲义）单元语法点常考题型命题趋势Unit3①形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语②itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.③名词变形容词构词法单项选择语法选择首字母填空语法填空完成句子等1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。4.强调实用综合：侧重跨文化沟通、信息处理等实际运用与知识融合。知识点1形容词的基本用法1.形容词作定语(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明该名词的品质或特征。如：Sheisakindneighbor.她是一位友善的邻居。Heboughtaredumbrella.他买了一把红色的雨伞。(2)但在下列情况下，形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。①当被修饰的词是somebody,someone,something,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing等复合不定代词时，形容词作定语需要后置。如：Ineedsomethingdeliciousfortheparty.我需要一些适合派对的美味食物。Isthereanyonefreetohelpme?有空闲能帮我的人吗？②形容词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰的名词之后。这些形容词短语多由“形容词＋介词短语/不定式短语”构成。如：Thisisasongpopularamongteenagers.这是一首在青少年中很流行的歌。(3)enough修饰名词时前置或后置都可以。如：Theypreparedenoughchairs/chairsenoughfortheguests.他们为客人准备了足够的椅子。（注意：当enough修饰形容词或副词时，enough必须后置，即形/副＋enough）2.形容词作表语形容词作表语，常位于连系动词be(am,is,are)、become、get、turn、look、keep、seem……之后，说明主语的特征、状态或身份。如：Theflowersarefresh.这些花很新鲜。Themoviebecomesboring.这部电影变得无聊了。3.用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面。例如：如：Theteacherasksustokeeptheclassroomclean.老师告诉我们要保持教室干净。Hefindshisjobveryhard.他发现他的工作很难。4.句型“Itis+adj.+todosth.”这个句型中，常用important、interesting、exciting、nice、easy、hard、good、useful、wrong、right、difficult等形容词。如：Itisexcitingtotraveltoanewcity.去一座新城市旅行是令人兴奋的。Itisusefultolearnbasiccookingskills.学习基础的烹饪技巧是有用的。(1)此句型中，如果表语是kind、nice、right、wrong、clever、polite等描述性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加“ofsb.”，即“Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.”，意为“某人做某事是……”。如：Itispoliteofhertogreettheelders.她问候长辈的举止很有礼貌。Itiswrongofhimtolietohisparents.他对父母撒谎是不对的。(2)如果形容词描述的是事物的性质，可在动词不定式前加一个“forsb.”，表示“对某人而言”。即“Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是……”。如：Itiseasyforkidstolearnnewsongs.对孩子来说，学新歌是很容易的。Itisnecessaryforustoexerciseregularly.对我们而言，规律锻炼是很有必要的。【即时检测】一、单项选择1.Theflowersmells______andIlikeitverymuch.A．nice B．nicely C．bad D．badly2.Wemustlearnhowtokeepourselves________inthebigcity.A．safe B．safely C．tobesafe D．safety3.Thereisn’t________inthiscountrythisyear.A．enoughrain B．rainenough C．rainyenough D．enoughrains4.Ihave_________totellyou.Pleaselistentome.A．importantsomething B．importantanythingC．somethingimportant D．anythingimportant5.----Itisimportant______ustodonatesomemoneytocharity.----Iagree.It’skind______youtosayso.A．for,for B．of,of C．of,for D．for,of二、首字母填空1.ThisbookisveryhforlearningEnglishgrammar.2.TheGreatWallisahplaceinChina.3.Daveisanestudentandhealwaysgetsgoodgradesinallthesubjects.4.Jackson’shobbiesarestohisbestfriend’s.5.Shelikesmusicbecauseit’sveryr.6.Mycousinsared.JohngoeshikingatnightbutMikedoesn’t.知识点2名词变形容词的方法1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）。例：rain—rainy，cloud—cloudy，wind—windy，snow—snowy，health—healthy，luck—lucky注意：如名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。例：sun—sunny，fog—foggy，fun—funny2.以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。例：noise—noisy，ice—icy，ease—easy3.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。例：care—careful，thank—thankful，help—helpful4.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese，-ish或-n构成表示相应国籍、语言的形容词。例：China—Chinese，Japan—Japanese，England—English，America—American5.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例：danger—dangerous，humor—humorous，fame—famous6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例：friend—friendly，love—lovely，like—likely7.在名词后加-less变成含有否定意义的形容词。例：hope—hopeless，care—careless，use—useless，home—homeless8.一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ce改为t变成形容词。例：difference—different，silence—silent，confidence—confident9.在名词后加-able变为形容词，通常表示具备某种能力或可能性，意为“可以……的、能够……的、值得……的”。例：comfort→comfortable，value→valuable10.在名词后加-al变为形容词。例：culture→cultural，person→personal，tradition→traditional【知识拓展】形容词否定前缀中考常考的形容词否定前缀主要有un-、im-、in-、dis-、ir-这几种，不同的前缀有对应的适用规律：1.un-是最通用的形容词否定前缀，大部分形容词都可以通过加un-变成否定形式，通常表示“不……的”例：happy（开心的）→unhappy（不开心的）；important（重要的）→unimportant（不重要的）；comfortable（舒服的）→uncomfortable（不舒服的）2.im-主要用于以字母m、p、b开头的形容词前。例：possible（可能的）→impossible（不可能的）；polite（礼貌的）→impolite（不礼貌的）；mature（成熟的）→immature（不成熟的）3.in-多用于以字母n、l、r、d、v开头的形容词前，是使用范围较广的否定前缀，和un-的作用类似例：active（积极的）→inactive（不积极的）；direct（直接的）→indirect（间接的）；responsible（负责任的）→irresponsible（不负责任的）4.dis-通常用来表示“相反的、缺少的”，多和表示状态、品质的形容词搭配例：honest（诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的）；satisfied（满意的）→dissatisfied（不满意的）；able（有能力的）→disabled（残疾的、无能力的）5.ir-仅用于以字母r开头的形容词前。例：regular（规则的）→irregular（不规则的）；responsible（负责任的）→irresponsible（不负责任的）易｜错｜点｜拨1.形容词作定语的位置混淆。例：形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词要后置。❌Isthereimportantanything?✅Isthereanythingimportant?2.“Itis+adj.+todo”中of/for的误用。❌It'spoliteforhimtoholdthedoor.✅It'spoliteofhimtoholdthedoor.（polite是人的品质，应用of）❌：It'seasyofhertosolvetheproblem.✅It'seasyforhertosolvetheproblem.（easy是事物性质，应用for）3.形容词和副词的词性混淆例：部分以“-ly”结尾的词是形容词：lovely、friendly、weekly、lonely、daily等。4.易错形容词辨析典例：sleepy/asleepsleepy：表“困倦的”，作定语/表语。例：Ifeelsleepy.（我犯困了）；asleepybaby（困倦的宝宝）asleep：表“睡着的”，作表语（不前置。例：Thebabyisasleep.（宝宝睡着了）；fallasleep（入睡）典例：interested/interestinginterested：表“（人）感到感兴趣的”，主语通常是人，作表语/定语例：Iaminterestedinpainting.（我对画画感兴趣）；aninterestedlook（感兴趣的神情）interesting：表“（事物）令人感兴趣的”，主语通常是物，作表语/定语例：Thisisaninterestingbook.（这是一本有趣的书）；Themovieisinteresting.（这部电影很有意思）解｜题｜技｜巧1.形容词作定语名词前直接用形容词（多数情况）；复合不定代词后形容词后置；形容词短语放被修饰名词之后。2.形容词作表语连系动词（be/become/look等）后接形容词，不接副词；描述主语特征/状态直接用形容词。3.形容词作宾语补足语放在宾语之后，用来补充说明宾语的状态、特征，常见的搭配动词有make、keep、find、leave等。4.“Itis+adj.+todo”表人的品质用“ofsb.”（可转成“sb.isadj.”）；表事物性质用“forsb.”；形容词后直接接不定式。【即时检测】一、单项选择1.It’sexcitingtoplayonthebeachinthe________weather.A．sun B．sunny C．suny D．cloud2.Tomlookedreally________ashelookedattheotherstudents________.A．angry;angrily B．angry;angryC．angrily;angrily D．well;angry2.Itis________totraveltothetopoftheCantonTowerbecausewecanenjoythebeautifulviewsofourcity.A．excited B．exciting C．excitedly D．excitingly3.Thecookiestaste________,sotheysell________.A．good;well B．good;good C．well;well D．well;good4.Theoldmanlives________,sohemayfeel________.A．alone;lonely B．lonely;alone C．alone;alone D．lonely;lonely二、用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Itisvery(value)forhumanstolearnthelawofnature.2.Theweatherinspringisusuallywarmand.(sun)3.Itis(careful)ofyoutosendthemessagetothewrongpersonwithoutchecking.4.Wewerebythebeautifulsceneryofthemountain.(amaze)5.Ifwedon’tprotecttheanimals,wewillbetoseetheminthefuture.(able)6.Youshouldbewiththeknifewhenyouuseit.(care)7.Ithinkgettingclosetonaturemakesmefeel.(relax)8.Welove(China)food.It’ssodelicious.9.Honestyisaveryimportant(person)quality.10.Mylittlesisterhasa________(live)personality,everyonelikesplayingwithher.基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1.Judytoldmean________storyyesterday.A．interesting B．interested C．interests D．interest2.Iwanttotrythesedishesbecausetheysmell_______.A．well B．great C．terrible D．beautifully3.Itisa________day.Let’sgoouttoplaybasketball!A．sun B．sunny C．rainy D．rain4.inthenorthofChinaisoften________.A．snowed B．snows C．snowing D．snowy5.Thepandasinthezoolookvery________.Alotofpeoplecometoseethemeveryday.A．lovely B．happily C．healthily D．strongly6.Thereis________intoday’snewspaper(报纸).Doyoulikeit?A．specialsomething B．specialanythingC．somethingspecial D．anythingspecial7.It’simportant________us________toourparentswhenwehaveproblems.A．for;totalk B．for;talking C．of;talk D．of;talked8.Is________excitingforthemtoplaywithsnowinwinterinthenorth?A．it B．this C．that D．they9.TheoldteacupinSam’shandswasprecious,sohewasvery________nottodropit.A．care B．careful C．careless D．carefully10.Bettydidbadlyintheexam.Shewasnot________topayattentiontoeverydetail.A．enoughcarefully B．carefullyenoughC．enoughcareful D．carefulenough重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1.Tokeepherdaughter________inreading,Lauraoftenreadsbedtimestoriestoher.A．interesting B．interested C．interest D．interests2.Wemustdosomething________ourclassroom________.A．keep;clean B．keep;cleaning C．tokeep;cleaning D．tokeep;clean3.________isdifficult________peopletousetheirumbrellasinahugestorm.A．That;of B．It;of C．It;for D．That;for4.Myunclelooks________.Iamsurethathehaspassedthedrivingtest.A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．unhappy5.Thedoctormanagedtokeepthepatient________.A．alive B．lively C．live D．life二、完成句子1.医生们正努力维持着他的生命。Doctorsaretryinghard.2.春天经常下雨，但天气通常很凉爽。Itofteninspring,buttheweatherisusually.3.他不喜欢数学，因为对他来说它很难。Hemathsit’sforhim.4.现在，陈明在新校园生活中感到快乐又自信。Now,ChenMinginhisnewschoollife!5.春天，下雨了。对孩子们来说，在雨水坑玩耍是很有趣的。Inspring,therainfalls.forchildreninthepuddles.易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1.Itisagoodwaytokeepwindows________inordertoletfreshairinandmaketheroommorecomfortable.A．open B．opened C．opening D．toopen2.Tomis________inthe________footballgames.A．interested,interested B．interesting,interestedC．interesting,interesting D．interested,interesting3.Itisverykind________youtohelpmewithmylessons.Itisreallyhard________metolearnthemwell.A．of;for B．of;of C．for;of D．for;for4.Thehousehas________andeachroomis________forustohavemeetingsin.A．enoughrooms;enoughbig B．roomenough;bigenoughC．enoughrooms;bigenough D．roomsenough;enoughbig5.—Whathappenedtoyourmother?—Sorry,Dad.Imadeher________justnow.A．angry B．angrily C．happy D．happily6.Ifelt________afterIheardthebadnews,andthenIlookedatsky________.A．sad,sadly B．sadly,sad C．sad,sad D．sadly,sadly7.Mikeisso________.Healwaystakesgoodcareofeveryonearoundhim.A．care B．caring C．careless D．cared8.SometimesIdrinkalotofcoffeetostay________inclass.A．wake B．awake C．sleep D．asleep9.Itis________thesedaysandit________heavilylastnight.A．raining;rains B．rainy;rains C．rainy;rained D．rain;rained10.—Andy,isthere________intoday’snewspaper?

—Yes,Icanlendminetoyou.A．somethinginteresting B．anythinginterestingC．interestingsomething D．interestinganything链接中考（测试时间：15分钟）一、单项选择1.（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）—There’sanexhibitiononthediscoveriesinSanxingdui.Areyou________?—Wonderful!I’llgowithyou.A．interest B．interesting C．interested2.（2025·云南·中考真题）JourneytotheWestisoneof________classicnovelsinChina.Peoplelikereadingit.A．famous B．morefamous C．themorefamous D．themostfamous3.（2025·上海·模拟预测）Thedishesintherestauranttaste________,sothere’salwaysalongwaitingline.A．sweetly B．good C．well D．nicely4.（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）Helpingothersmakesusvery________.A．lonely B．lazy C．proud D．harmful5.（2025·上海松江·一模）Tom