2025年英语四六级听力讲座理解专项训练试卷

2025年英语四六级听力讲座理解专项训练试卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartCLectureComprehensionQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowinglecture.Theconceptof"darkmatter"wasfirstproposedinthe1930sbyastronomerFritzZwicky.Whileobservinggalaxieswithingalaxyclusters,henoticedthatthegravitationaleffectsrequiredtoholdtheseclusterstogetherseemedmuchgreaterthanwhatcouldbeaccountedforbythevisiblematteralone.Thisdiscrepancysuggestedthepresenceofanunseenformofmatter.SubsequentobservationshavesinceconfirmedZwicky'ssuspicions.Scientistsuseseveralmethodstodetectdarkmatter.Oneprimaryapproachinvolvesobservingitsgravitationaleffectsonvisiblematter.Forinstance,whengalaxiesrotate,theouterstarsmovefasterthanwouldbeexpectedbasedonthevisiblemassalone.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe"galaxyrotationcurveproblem,"impliesthepresenceofadditional,non-luminousmass.Similarly,darkmatteristhoughttoberesponsibleforthegravitationallensingeffect,wherethepathoflightfromdistantobjectsisbentasitpassesthroughthegravitationalfieldofamassiveobject,likeagalaxycluster,eventhoughthedarkmatteritselfdoesnotemitlight.Anothermethodinvolvesstudyingthedistributionofcosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation,theafterglowoftheBigBang.Anomaliesinthisradiationpatternsuggestvariationsinthedensityofdarkmatterintheearlyuniverse,whichinfluencedtheformationoflarge-scalestructures.Despiteitselusivenature,darkmatterappearstoconstituteabout27%oftheuniverse.Itdoesnotinteractwithelectromagneticforces,meaningitdoesnotabsorb,reflect,oremitlight,whichiswhyitisinvisibleanddifficulttodetectdirectly.Itsprimaryinteractionisthroughgravity.Whileparticlephysicistshaveproposedvariouscandidatesfordarkmatterparticles,suchasWIMPs(WeaklyInteractingMassiveParticles)andaxions,nonehavebeendefinitivelydetectedyet.Experimentslikeundergroundparticledetectorsanddirectdetectioneffortsareongoinginthehopeofcapturingevidenceofthesehypotheticalparticles.11.Accordingtothelecture,whatfirstpromptedastronomerstoconsidertheexistenceofdarkmatter?12.Whatevidencerelatedtogalaxyrotationsupportsthetheoryofdarkmatter?13.Explaintheconceptofgravitationallensingasmentionedinthelectureandhowitisusedtostudydarkmatter.14.Whatcharacteristicofdarkmattermakesitextremelydifficulttodetectdirectly?15.Basedonthelecture,whatarescientiststryingtodetectinordertoidentifypotentialdarkmatterparticles?试卷答案11.Whileobservinggalaxieswithingalaxyclusters,astronomerFritzZwickynoticedthatthegravitationaleffectsrequiredtoholdtheseclusterstogetherseemedmuchgreaterthanwhatcouldbeaccountedforbythevisiblematteralone.解析思路：题目问的是“什么首先促使天文学家考虑暗物质的存在？”。文章第一段明确指出，FritzZwicky在观察星系团时，发现将星系团束缚在一起的引力效应远大于可见物质所能解释的范围，这让他首次提出了暗物质的概念。因此，找到第一段中描述的Zwicky的观察及其发现是关键。12.Theouterstarsofgalaxiesmovefasterthanwouldbeexpectedbasedonthevisiblemassalone.解析思路：题目问的是“与星系旋转相关的证据是什么，它如何支持暗物质理论？”。文章第二段提到了“星系旋转曲线问题”（galaxyrotationcurveproblem），解释为星系外部的恒星比基于可见质量预期的速度要快。这个现象表明存在额外的、不可见的物质（即暗物质）提供额外的引力来束缚这些快速旋转的恒星。13.Gravitationallensingisthebendingofthepathoflightfromdistantobjectsasitpassesthroughthegravitationalfieldofamassiveobject,likeagalaxycluster.Inthecontextofdarkmatter,itisusedtostudydarkmatterbyobservingthisbendingeffect,whichimpliesthepresenceofmass,evenifthatmassisinvisibleanddoesnotemitlight.解析思路：题目问的是“根据讲座，解释引力透镜现象及其如何被用来研究暗物质”。文章第二段定义了引力透镜现象，即光线从远处天体经过一个致密天体（如星系团）的引力场时其路径发生弯曲。文章接着说明，这种方法被用来研究暗物质，因为即使暗物质不发光，其强大的引力也会弯曲经过的光线，通过观察这种弯曲可以推断暗物质的存在及其分布。14.Thecharacteristicthatmakesdarkmatterextremelydifficulttodetectdirectlyisthatitdoesnotinteractwithelectromagneticforces.Thismeansitdoesnotabsorb,reflect,oremitlight,whichiswhyitisinvisible.解析思路：题目问的是“暗物质使其直接探测极其困难的特点是什么？”。文章第三段明确指出了暗物质难以直接探测的原因：它不与电磁力相互作用。这意味着它不吸收、反射或发射光，因此它是看不见的。这是它被称为“暗”物质的核心原因。15.Basedonthelecture,scientistsaretryingtodetectpotentialdarkmatterparticles,suchasWIMPs(WeaklyInteractingMassiveParticles)andaxions,byconductingexperim