2025年英语四六级阅读理解深度解析试卷：下半学期专项训练

2025年英语四六级阅读理解深度解析试卷：下半学期专项训练考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersdirectly,industriesfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghaveseenasurgeinshort-term,project-basedwork.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstosettheirownhoursandchooseprojectsthatalignwiththeirinterestsandskills.Formany,itprovidesawaytoescapetheconstraintsoftraditionalemployment,offeringautonomyandthepotentialforhigherearningsbasedonperformanceratherthanseniority.However,thegigeconomyisnotwithoutitscritics.Oneofthemostprominentconcernsisthelackofjobsecurityandbenefits.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Thisprecariousnesscanleaveindividualsvulnerable,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Furthermore,theisolationinherentinmanygigjobscanleadtofeelingsoflonelinessandlackofcommunity,counteractingthepotentialsocialbenefitsoftraditionalofficeenvironments.Theregulatorylandscapeforgigworkisalsocomplexandoftenfragmented.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—shouldtheybeconsideredemployeesentitledtolaborprotections,orindependentcontractorsoperatingontheirown?Thisambiguitycreatesuncertaintyforbothworkersandbusinesses.Platformsarguethattreatinggigworkersasemployeeswouldstifleinnovationandflexibility,whileunionsandadvocacygroupspushforstrongerprotections.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoevolve,itisclearthatthislabormodelisheretostay.Thechallengenowliesinfindingabalancethatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilityandchoicewhilemitigatingtherisksassociatedwithinstabilityandlackofsecurity.Whetherthroughpolicyadjustments,technologicalinnovations,orshiftsinworkerbehavior,thefutureofgigworkwilllikelybeshapedbyourabilitytoaddresstheseongoingdebates.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataresomeoftheadvantagesofparticipatinginthegigeconomy?3.Whataresomeofthedisadvantagesofthegigeconomyhighlightedbycritics?4.Whatisthemainchallengementionedforgovernmentsregardinggigwork?5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisneededforthefutureofthegigeconomy?PassageTwoInrecentyears,theconceptof"mindfulness"hasmovedfromthefringesofspiritualitytothecenterofmainstreamwellnessdiscourse.Rootedinancientmeditationpractices,particularlythosederivedfromBuddhism,mindfulnessinvolvespayingdeliberate,non-judgmentalattentiontothepresentmoment,includingone'sthoughts,feelings,andbodilysensations.Whileoftenpracticedthroughformaltechniqueslikemeditationoryoga,itsprinciplescanbeintegratedintodailyactivitiessuchasmindfuleatingorwalking.Thegrowingpopularityofmindfulnessislargelydrivenbyabodyofscientificresearchdemonstratingitsnumerousbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatregularmindfulnesspracticecanreducestressandanxiety,improvefocusandcognitivefunction,andevenenhanceemotionalregulation.Byencouragingindividualstoobservetheirexperienceswithoutimmediatereactionorjudgment,mindfulnesscanfosteragreatersenseofself-awarenessandhelpbreakthecycleofnegativethoughtpatterns.Thisincreasedawarenesscanleadtomorecompassionateresponsestowardsoneselfandothers.Despiteitsbenefits,incorporatingmindfulnessintobusymodernlivescanbechallenging.Findingthetimeanddisciplinefordedicatedpracticerequireseffort,andsomeindividualsmayfindtheconceptinitiallydifficulttograsporpracticeconsistently.Additionally,theveryactofpayingcloseattentioncansometimesfeelcounterintuitiveinaculturethatoftenvaluesconstantproductivityanddistraction.However,proponentsarguethatthelong-termrewardsfaroutweightheinitialdifficulties,suggestingthatevenbriefmomentsofmindfulnessthroughoutthedaycanbebeneficial.Asmindfulnesscontinuestogaintraction,itsintegrationintovarioussectorsisbecomingmorewidespread.Schoolsareintroducingmindfulnessprogramstohelpstudentsmanagestressandimproveconcentration,whilecorporationsoffermindfulnesstrainingtoenhanceemployeewell-beingandproductivity.Thisexpansionindicatesabroadersocietalrecognitionoftheimportanceofmentalandemotionalhealthinoverallwell-being,andmindfulnessisemergingasakeycomponentinthiseffort.Questions:6.Whatistheprimarydefinitionofmindfulnessasdescribedinthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatevidencesupportstheeffectivenessofmindfulness?8.Whataresomecommonchallengesmentionedforincorporatingmindfulnessintodailylife?9.Howismindfulnessbeingappliedindifferentareasbeyondpersonalpractice?10.Whatimplicationdoesthewidespreadadoptionofmindfulnesssuggestaboutmodernsociety?第二部分阅读理解Directions:Inthissection,youwillreadapassagewithtenblanks.EachblankisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosethebestchoiceforeachblankandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,(11)______itsimmensecomplexityandabilitytoadapt.Unlikemachinesbuiltwithspecificinstructions,thebrain(12)______avastarrayofexperiencesandinformation,constantlymodifyingitsstructureandfunctioninresponsetonewlearningandenvironmentaldemands.Thisphenomenon,knownasneuroplasticity,(13)______thatthebrainremainsmalleablethroughoutlife,enablingrecoveryfrominjuryandtheacquisitionofnewskills.Developmentsinneurosciencehave(14)______ourunderstandingofhowlearningoccursatacellularlevel.Itisnowrecognizedthatthecreationofnewneuralconnections,orsynapses,isfundamentaltomemoryformationandcognitiveprocessing.Whenweencounternewinformation,theseconnectionsarestrengthenedthroughaprocessinvolvingproteinsynthesisandthegrowthofdendriticspines,thesmallprotrusionsonneuronbranchesthatreceivesignals.Thisintricatemechanismallowsforthestorageandretrievalofvastamountsofdata,(15)______ourabilitytonavigatetheworldandmakeinformeddecisions.However,thebrain'scapacityforplasticityisnotunlimited.Therateandextentofadaptationcanbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingage,overallhealth,andtheconsistencyofthelearningexperience.Whilechildrenandadolescentsoftendemonstrategreaterneuroplasticity,allowingforrapidlearningandskilldevelopment,thiscapacitytendstodeclinewithage,thoughitremainspresentthroughoutthelifespan.Engaginginmentallystimulatingactivities,maintainingahealthylifestyle,andpracticingcertaincognitiveexercisescanhelppreserveandevenenhancebrainfunctionlaterinlife.Theimplicationsofneuroplasticityextendbeyondbasiclearningandmemory.Itoffershopeforthetreatmentofneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.Byunderstandinghowthebrainrewiresitself,researchersareexploringtherapiesthataimtopromotepositivestructuralchanges,suchasusingelectricalstimulationorspecificcognitivetrainingprogramstorewiredamagedpathwaysorcounteractsymptomsofconditionslikedepressionoraddiction.Thisevolvingfieldrepresentsasignificantshiftinthemedicalapproachtothebrain,emphasizinginterventionandrepairthroughtheverymechanismsthatenablelearningandadaptation.11.A)demonstratingB)despiteC)contributingD)regarding12.A)processesB)storesC)handlesD)interprets13.A)assertingB)definingC)indicatingD)explaining14.A)deepenedB)broadenedC)simplifiedD)standardized15.A)reinforcingB)limitingC)enhancingD)demonstrating试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.A解析思路：文章首段明确指出，“gigeconomy”的核心是由数字平台直接连接服务提供者和顾客，允许个人设定自己的时间并选择符合兴趣和技能的项目。选项A“flexibility”即灵活性，与文章描述的核心特征一致。2.C解析思路：文章首段后半部分论述了支持者的观点，明确提到“unparalleledflexibility”（无与伦比的灵活性），允许“settheirownhours”（设定自己的时间），以及“autonomy”（自主权）和“potentialforhigherearningsbasedonperformanceratherthanseniority”（基于绩效而非资历的潜在更高收入）。选项C概括了这些优势。3.B解析思路：文章第二段集中讨论了批评者的观点，主要指出了“lackofjobsecurityandbenefits”（缺乏工作保障和福利），例如没有健康保险、带薪病假和退休计划，这使得个人在面对经济衰退或个人危机时非常脆弱。选项B“lackofjobsecurityandbenefits”是核心内容的准确概括。4.D解析思路：文章第三段明确提到了政府面临的挑战：“regulatorylandscapeforgigworkisalsocomplexandoftenfragmented”（零工工作的监管环境复杂且常常碎片化）。紧接着具体说明挑战在于如何分类零工工作者——是应享有劳动保护权的员工，还是独立经营者。选项D“howtoclassifygigworkers—shouldtheybeconsideredemployeesentitledtolaborprotections,orindependentcontractorsoperatingontheirown?”（如何分类零工工作者——他们是应享有劳动保护权的员工，还是独立经营者？）准确反映了这一挑战。5.A解析思路：文章最后一段明确指出，“thechallengenowliesinfindingabalancethatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilityandchoicewhilemitigatingtherisksassociatedwithinstabilityandlackofsecurity”（当前的挑战在于找到一个平衡点，既能最大化灵活性和选择的利益，又能减轻与不稳定和缺乏安全相关的风险）。选项A“findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandstability/security”准确概括了作者提出的解决方案方向。6.B解析思路：文章第一段对mindfulness的定义是“payingdeliberate,non-judgmentalattentiontothepresentmoment,includingone'sthoughts,feelings,andbodilysensations”（有意识地、不带评判地关注当下时刻，包括自己的思想、感受和身体感觉）。选项B“payingdeliberate,non-judgmentalattentiontothepresentmoment”（有意识地、不带评判地关注当下时刻）是此定义的核心。7.C解析思路：文章第二段明确提到，“abodyofscientificresearchdemonstratingitsnumerousbenefits”（一系列科学研究的证据，证明了其众多益处）。随后列举了“reducestressandanxiety,improvefocusandcognitivefunction,andevenenhanceemotionalregulation”（减少压力和焦虑，提高注意力和认知功能，甚至增强情绪调节）。选项C“scientificresearchdemonstratingnumerousbenefits”（一系列科学研究的证据，证明了其众多益处）概括了证据类型及其内容。8.A解析思路：文章第三段提到了两个主要挑战：“Findingthetimeanddisciplinefordedicatedpracticerequireseffort”（找到时间和毅力进行专门的练习需要付出努力）和“someindividualsmayfindtheconceptinitiallydifficulttograsporpracticeconsistently”（有些人可能一开始就难以理解这个概念或持续练习）。选项A“Findingthetimeanddiscipline,orinitialdifficultyinpractice”（找到时间和毅力，或练习上的初始困难）涵盖了这些挑战。9.D解析思路：文章第四段明确描述了mindfulness在不同领域的应用：“Schoolsareintroducingmindfulnessprogramstohelpstudentsmanagestressandimproveconcentration”（学校正在引入正念项目，帮助学生管理压力和提高注意力），“corporationsoffermindfulnesstrainingtoenhanceemployeewell-beingandproductivity”（公司提供正念培训，以提高员工福祉和生产力）。选项D“beingappliedindifferentareassuchasschoolsandcorporations”（应用于学校、公司等不同领域）准确概括了这一点。10.B解析思路：文章第四段结尾指出，“Thisexpandingindicatesabroadersocietalrecognitionoftheimportanceofmentalandemotionalhealthinoverallwell-being”（这种扩张表明社会更广泛地认识到心理和情感健康对整体福祉的重要性）。文章开头也提到mindfulness从边缘走向主流。选项B“abroadersocietalrecognitionoftheimportanceofmentalandemotionalhealth”（对心理和情感健康重要性的更广泛的社会认识）反映了这一含义。11.A解析思路：空格前是“Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan”，空格后是“itsimmensecomplexityandability