2025年英语专四阅读理解冲刺试卷：长篇阅读与主旨大意解析

2025年英语专四阅读理解冲刺试卷：长篇阅读与主旨大意解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartILongReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Theriseofthedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofmodernwork,bringingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Perhapsthemostprofoundtransformationhasbeentheshiftfromtraditional,fixed-locationemploymenttoamorefluid,location-independentmodel.Technology,particularlytheinternetandmobiledevices,hasbeentheprimaryenablerofthischange,allowingindividualstoperformtasksremotelyandcollaboratewithcolleaguesacrossgeographicalboundaries.Thisflexibilityisoftencitedasamajorbenefit,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.However,thisincreasedflexibilityisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifehavebecomeincreasinglyblurred.Employeesareoftenexpectedtobeavailableatalltimes,leadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.Thelackofaphysicalofficeenvironmentcanalsofosterfeelingsofisolationanddisconnectionfromthebroaderteam,potentiallyhinderingcollaborationandthedevelopmentofsocialnetworkscrucialforprofessionalgrowth.Furthermore,thetransitiontoremoteworkhashighlightedexistinginequalitieswithintheworkforce.Accesstoreliabletechnology,high-speedinternet,andsuitablehomeenvironmentsisnotuniversal,creatingdisparitiesinproductivityandopportunities.Therearealsoconcernsthatcertainrolesorindustriesmaybemoresuitedtoremoteworkthanothers,potentiallyexacerbatingstructuralunemploymentinsectorsunabletoadapt.Fromanorganizationalperspective,managingaremoteworkforcepresentsuniquedifficulties.Leadersmustdevelopnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.Buildingcompanycultureandensuringemployeeengagementbecomemorecomplextaskswhenteamsaredispersed.Despitethesechallenges,manybusinesseshavefoundwaystosuccessfullyimplementremoteworkpolicies,oftenleadingtoincreasedemployeesatisfactionandreducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.Thefutureofworkappearstobeincreasinglyhybrid,incorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,newtoolsandmethodologieswilllikelyemergetosupportthisblendedmodel.Thekeychallengeforindividuals,organizations,andsocietyatlargewillbetonavigatethischanginglandscapeinawaythatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhilemitigatingthepotentialnegativeconsequences,ensuringasustainableandequitablefutureforwork.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofremoteworkenabledbytechnology?2.Theword"irrevocably"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:3.Whatpotentialnegativeeffectofremoteworkdoesthepassagesuggestmayleadtodecreasedwell-being?4.Thepassagementions"disparitiesinproductivityandopportunities"relatedtoaccesstotechnology.Whatdoesthisimplyaboutthecurrentstateofremoteworkadoption?5.Whatchallengedoesthepassageidentifyforleadersmanagingremoteteams?6.Basedonthepassage,whatdoesthefutureofworkseemlikelytoinvolve?7.Thephrase"acultureofconstantconnectivity"implies:8.Whataspectoftheworkforceishighlightedasbeingpotentiallymoresusceptibletothechallengesofremotework?9.Accordingtothepassage,whymightsomebusinessesfindremoteworkadvantageous?10.Whatistheprimaryconcernmentionedregardingtheshifttoremotework?PartIIMainIdeaComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonyourunderstandingofthemainidea.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasanecessaryframeworkforaddressingglobalenvironmentalandsocialissues.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisprinciple,oftenattributedtotheBrundtlandCommission's1987report,emphasizestheinterconnectednessofeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection.Proponentsarguethattrueprogresscannotbemeasuredsolelybyeconomicindicators;itmustalsoconsiderthelong-termhealthoftheplanetandthewell-beingofallitsinhabitants.Implementingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresamultifacetedapproachthattranscendsnationalbordersandinvolvesvariousstakeholders,includinggovernments,corporations,NGOs,andindividualconsumers.Keystrategiesoftenincludetransitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,andensuringequitableaccesstoresources.Theadoptionofgreentechnologiesandthedevelopmentofcirculareconomymodels,whichfocusonminimizingwasteandreusingmaterials,arealsocrucialcomponents.Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublicareessentialforcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability.Despiteitstheoreticalappeal,thepracticalimplementationofsustainabledevelopmentfacesnumerousobstacles.Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.Additionally,globalinequalityanddifferingdevelopmentalprioritiesamongnationscomplicateeffortstoestablishunifiedinternationalagreementsandstandards.Furthermore,thetransitiontoasustainableeconomyrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewtechnologiesandinfrastructure,whichcanbeabarrierformanycountries,particularlydevelopingones.Moreover,changingentrenchedbehaviorsandmindsetsrelatedtoconsumptionandproductionisaslowandcomplexprocess.Thechallengesassociatedwithsustainabledevelopmentunderscoretheneedforinnovativeandcollaborativesolutions.Encouragingpublic-privatepartnerships,supportingresearchanddevelopmentinsustainabletechnologies,andstrengtheninginternationalcooperationareallvitalsteps.Educationplaysacriticalroleinfosteringanewgenerationthatvaluessustainabilityandunderstandstheimportanceofresponsibleresourcemanagement.Policyinterventions,suchascarbonpricingandsubsidiesforgreentechnologies,canalsohelpsteereconomicactivitytowardsmoresustainablepathways.Ultimately,achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowsocietiesvaluetheenvironmentandorganizeeconomicactivities,movingawayfromapurelyprofit-drivenmodeltowardsonethatintegratesecologicalandsocialconsiderations.Questions:1.Whatisthecentralconceptdescribedinthefirstparagraphthatsustainabledevelopmentaimstoachieve?2.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentrequirestheinvolvementofmultiplestakeholders.WhichgroupisNOTmentionedasastakeholder?3.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeystrategiesforimplementingsustainabledevelopment?4.Whatchallengeismentionedregardingtheeconomicaspectsoftransitioningtoasustainablemodel?5.Thephrase"multifacetedapproach"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:6.Whatdoesthepassageidentifyasacrucialcomponentofcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneobstacletoimplementingsustainabledevelopmentrelatedtointernationalrelations?8.Whatdoestheconceptofa"circulareconomy"aimtoachieve,asmentionedinthepassage?9.Thepassageimpliesthatachievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresashiftin:10.Whatroledoeseducationplayinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?试卷答案PartILongReadingComprehension1.Flexibility,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.**解析思路：*问题问的是远程工作带来的主要好处。文章第一段明确提到“Perhapsthemostprofoundtransformationhasbeentheshiftfromtraditional,fixed-locationemploymenttoamorefluid,location-independentmodel.”并指出这种灵活性是主要变化，“Thisflexibilityisoftencitedasamajorbenefit,offeringworkersgreaterautonomyandthepotentialtobalanceprofessionalresponsibilitieswithpersonallifemoreeffectively.”因此，选项中描述的灵活性、自主性和更好地平衡工作与生活是正确答案。2.Unchangeably.**解析思路：*问题要求找出“irrevocably”最接近的意思。“Irrevocably”意为不可逆转地，无法改变地。选项“Unchangeably”意为不可改变地，与“irrevocably”的意思最为接近。3.Acultureofconstantconnectivity.**解析思路：*问题问的是远程工作可能导致福祉下降的潜在负面影响。文章第二段提到“Theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifehavebecomeincreasinglyblurred...leadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.”因此，“acultureofconstantconnectivity”是导致倦怠和福祉下降的原因。4.Thataccesstotechnologyisnotuniversal.**解析思路：*问题基于文章指出“disparitiesinproductivityandopportunities”与获取技术的相关性，暗示了当前远程工作采用的情况。文章第三段明确说“Furthermore,thetransitiontoremoteworkhashighlightedexistinginequalitieswithintheworkforce.Accesstoreliabletechnology,high-speedinternet,andsuitablehomeenvironmentsisnotuniversal...”这表明并非所有人都能平等地获得远程工作所需的条件，存在差距。5.Developingnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.**解析思路：*问题问的是管理远程团队对领导者提出的挑战。文章第四段提到“Fromanorganizationalperspective,managingaremoteworkforcepresentsuniquedifficulties.Leadersmustdevelopnewstrategiesforcommunication,motivation,andperformanceevaluationthataccountforthelackofface-to-faceinteraction.”因此，开发新的沟通、激励和绩效评估策略是主要挑战。6.Ahybridmodelincorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.**解析思路：*问题要求根据文章内容推断未来工作的形式。文章最后一段提到“Thefutureofworkappearstobeincreasinglyhybrid,incorporatingelementsofbothremoteandin-officework.”因此，混合模式，结合远程和办公室工作元素，是未来的趋势。7.Anexpectationthatemployeesareavailableatalltimes.**解析思路：*问题要求解释“acultureofconstantconnectivity”的含义。文章第二段解释了这种文化：“Employeesareoftenexpectedtobeavailableatalltimes,leadingto...”这表明这种文化意味着员工随时待命。8.Certainrolesorindustries.**解析思路：*问题指出远程工作可能加剧结构性失业，询问哪个群体可能更容易受到影响。文章第三段提到“Thereareconcernsthatcertainrolesorindustriesmaybemoresuitedtoremoteworkthanothers,potentiallyexacerbatingstructuralunemploymentinsectorsunabletoadapt.”因此，特定的工作角色或行业更容易受到远程工作的影响。9.Reducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.**解析思路：*问题问的是文章中提到的一些企业发现远程工作有利的原因。文章第四段提到“Manybusinesseshavefoundwaystosuccessfullyimplementremoteworkpolicies,oftenleadingtoincreasedemployeesatisfactionandreducedoverheadcostsassociatedwithphysicalofficespaces.”因此，减少与实体办公室空间相关的管理费用是企业采用远程工作的一个优势。10.Thepotentialnegativeconsequencesofconstantconnectivityandisolation.**解析思路：*问题要求找出文章中提到的主要关于转向远程工作的担忧。文章在第二段提到了远程工作可能导致的问题：“leadingtoacultureofconstantconnectivitythatcanresultinburnoutanddecreasedwell-being”以及“...potentiallyhinderingcollaborationandthedevelopmentofsocialnetworkscrucialforprofessionalgrowth.”这些是主要的担忧，即持续连接的文化可能导致倦怠和福祉下降，以及阻碍协作和专业社交发展。PartIIMainIdeaComprehension1.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.**解析思路：*问题问的是第一段描述的可持续发展核心概念。文章第一段开头就定义了可持续发展：“Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttraction...aimingtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”这句直接给出了核心概念。2.Individuals(consumers).**解析思路：*问题问的是文章第二段提到的利益相关者中，哪一个没有被提及。第二段列出了“governments,corporations,NGOs,andindividualconsumers”。因此，没有提到的群体是个体（消费者）。3.Transitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,adoptinggreentechnologies,anddevelopingcirculareconomymodels.**解析思路：*问题问的是实现可持续发展的一些关键策略。文章第二段列举了多种策略：“Keystrategiesoftenincludetransitioningtorenewableenergysources,promotingenergyefficiency,implementingsustainableagriculturepractices,protectingbiodiversity,andensuringequitableaccesstoresources.Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawareness...arealsocrucialcomponents.Encouragingpublic-privatepartnerships,supportingresearchanddevelopmentinsustainabletechnologies,andstrengtheninginternationalcooperationareallvitalsteps.”因此，列出的各项策略都是关键策略。4.Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.**解析思路：*问题问的是向可持续模式转型时，与经济方面相关的挑战。文章第三段提到“Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalprotectionefforts,leadingtopoliciesthatprioritizeshort-termgainsoverlong-termsustainability.”这句话指出了经济利益与环境保护之间的冲突，以及政策倾向于短期利益而非长期可持续性的问题。5.Avarietyofapproachesormethods.**解析思路：*问题要求解释第二段中的“multifacetedapproach”是指什么。“Multifaceted”意为多方面的。结合上下文，实现可持续发展需要政府、企业、NGO、个人等多方参与，采用多种策略（如转向可再生能源、提高能效、保护生物多样性等），并需要创新和合作。这表明实现可持续发展需要多种方法或途径。6.Raisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublic.**解析思路：*问题问的是根据文章，教育在创造集体承诺方面的作用。文章第二段提到：“Moreover,fosteringsustainableconsumptionpatternsandraisingenvironmentalawarenessamongthegeneralpublicareessentialforcreatingacollectivecommitmenttosustainability.”因此，提高公众的环境意识对于建立可持续发展的集体承诺至关重要。7.Globalinequalityanddifferingdevelopmentalprioritiesamongnations