2025年英语专业八级考试阅读理解长篇训练：策略指导与真题分析

2025年英语专业八级考试阅读理解长篇训练：策略指导与真题分析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehension(30minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachofthequestionsthatfollow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaglobalconversationaboutitssocietalimpact,economicimplications,andethicalboundaries.ProponentsheraldAIasatransformativeforcecapableofautomatingmundanetasks,enhancingproductivityacrossindustries,andenablingbreakthroughsinmedicine,climatescience,andbeyond.Fromoptimizingsupplychainstopersonalizingeducationalexperiences,AIpromisestosolvecomplexproblemsandimprovehumanlifeinmyriadways.Itsintegrationintodailylife,however,isnotwithoutsignificantchallenges.Concernsaboundregardingjobdisplacement,thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,andtheerosionofhumandecision-makingincriticaldomains.Furthermore,theconcentrationofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentinwealthynationsraisesquestionsaboutglobalinequalityandthedigitaldivide.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,societymustgrapplewithhowtoharnesstheirpowerresponsibly,ensuringtheyservehumanity'sbestinterestswhilemitigatingriskstoprivacy,security,andemployment.Theethicalframeworksandregulatorystructuresneededtoguidethistechnologicalevolutionarestillunderdevelopment,makingthepathforwardbothcomplexanduncertain.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAI?3.Theword"precipitated"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:4.WhatmajorconcernrelatedtoAIismentionedinthepassagethatgoesbeyondeconomicimplications?5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneofthekeychallengesinmanagingthedevelopmentofAI?PassageTwoIntherealmofenvironmentalpolicy,theconceptof"regenerativeagriculture"hasgainedtractionasaholisticapproachtofarmingthatseekstorestoreandenhanceecosystemhealth.Unlikeconventionalagriculture,whichoftendepletessoilnutrientsandcontributestocarbonemissions,regenerativepracticesfocusonbuildingsoilorganicmatterthroughtechniquessuchascovercropping,no-tillorreduced-tillfarming,andtheintegrationoflivestock.Thesemethodsnotonlyimprovesoilfertilityandwaterretentionbutalsosequesteratmosphericcarbon,effectivelyactingasaclimatechangemitigationstrategy.Proponentsarguethatregenerativeagriculturecancreatemoreresilientagriculturalsystems,reducerelianceonsyntheticinputslikefertilizersandpesticides,andsupportbiodiversity.Whilethetransitionrequiressignificantshiftsinfarmingpracticesandmindset,preliminarystudiessuggestpromisingoutcomesintermsofbothenvironmentalsustainabilityandlong-termeconomicviabilityforfarmers.Astheworldgrappleswiththedualchallengesoffeedingagrowingpopulationandaddressingclimatechange,regenerativeagricultureoffersacompellingvisionforamoresustainableandregenerativefoodsystem.Questions:6.Whatcentralideadoesthepassagepresentaboutregenerativeagriculture?7.Howdoesregenerativeagriculturedifferfromconventionalfarmingaccordingtothepassage?8.Thephrase"actsasaclimatechangemitigationstrategy"inthethirdparagraphisbestunderstoodasmeaning:9.Whatbenefitofregenerativeagricultureismentionedthatcouldpotentiallyreducecostsforfarmersovertime?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialchallengeassociatedwithadoptingregenerativeagriculture?PassageThreeThedigitalagehasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofhumancommunication,creatingunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnectionwhilesimultaneouslyfosteringnewformsofisolationandmisunderstanding.Socialmediaplatforms,designedtofacilitateconstantconnectivity,havearguablyachievedtheoppositeeffectinmanycases.Usersnavigateacomplexecosystemofcuratedself-presentations,algorithmicallydrivencontentfeeds,andcuratedsocialnetworks,oftenleadingtoechochambersandpolarizedviewpoints.Whilethesetechnologiesenablerapiddisseminationofinformationandallowindividualstomaintainrelationshipsacrossvastdistances,theyalsotendtoreduceinteractionstosuperficialexchangesanddiminishthecapacityfordeep,meaningfulengagement.Furthermore,theconstantpressuretoengageandperformonlinecancontributetoanxietyandcompare-and-deservemindsets.Thepsychologicalandsocialconsequencesofthisdigitallymediatedcommunicationarestillbeingfullyunderstood,promptingcallsforgreaterdigitalliteracy,mindfulusage,andthoughtfuldesignoffuturetechnologiesthatprioritizegenuinehumanconnectionovermereconnectivity.Questions:11.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?12.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneunintendedconsequenceofsocialmediaplatforms?13.Theword"fostered"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:14.Whatpotentialnegativeimpactonindividualsismentionedinrelationtosocialmediausage?15.Whatsuggestionismadeinthefinalparagraphregardingthefutureofdigitalcommunication?PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillreadthreepassages,eachfollowedbyseveralquestions.Forquestions16-35,choosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)fromthefourchoicesgiven.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneThephenomenonofurbanheatislands(UHIs)representsasignificantenvironmentalchallengeincontemporarycities.Urbanareas,characterizedbydensepopulations,extensiveinfrastructure,andhumanactivities,oftenexperiencehighertemperaturescomparedtotheirruralsurroundings.Thistemperaturedisparityarisesprimarilyfromthesubstitutionofnaturalsurfaceslikevegetationandsoilwithheat-absorbingmaterialssuchasconcreteandasphalt.Thesematerials,knownasimpervioussurfaces,havehighthermalmassandlowalbedo(reflectivity),meaningtheyabsorbandstoremoresolarradiationandreflectlessheatbackintotheatmosphere.Additionally,humanactivitiescontributetoUHIeffects;buildingsandvehiclesreleasewasteheat,whilethelackofvegetationreducesthecoolingeffectoftranspiration.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted,includingincreasedenergyconsumptionforcooling,exacerbationofairpollutionproblems,andnegativeimpactsonhumanhealth,particularlyforvulnerablepopulationsliketheelderlyandchildren.Recognizingthesechallenges,urbanplannersandpolicymakersareincreasinglyexploringmitigationstrategies,suchasincreasinggreenspaces,usingcoolroofandpavementmaterials,andimplementingurbanforestryprojectstoreducetheurbanheatislandeffectandcreatemoresustainableandresilientcities.Questions:16.Whatistheprimarycauseofhighertemperaturesinurbanareascomparedtosurroundingruralregions?17.Theword"disparity"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:18.Howdoimpervioussurfacescontributetotheurbanheatislandeffect?19.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonenegativehealthimpactassociatedwithurbanheatislands?20.WhatsolutionsarementionedinthepassagetohelpmitigatetheeffectsofUHIs?PassageTwoTheconceptof"cognitiveloadtheory"hasbecomefoundationalineducationalpsychology,particularlyinthedesignofinstructionalmaterialsandteachingstrategies.Thistheory,developedbyJohnSweller,positsthatlearningisinfluencedbytheamountofcognitiveeffortrequiredtoprocessinformation.Therearethreemaintypesofcognitiveload:intrinsic,extraneous,andgermane.Intrinsiccognitiveloadreferstotheinherentdifficultyofthematerialitself,suchasthecomplexityofconceptsorthenumberofelementstoprocess.Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrompoorlydesignedinstructionthatpresentsinformationinanineffectivemanner,distractinglearnersoroverwhelmingthemwithunnecessarydetails.Germanecognitiveload,however,referstothementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,engaginginschemaconstruction,andintegratingnewknowledgewithexistingknowledge.Effectiveinstructionaimstominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandfacilitategermanecognitiveload,therebyoptimizinglearning.Techniquessuchasusinganalogies,organizinginformationintohierarchies,providingrelevantexamples,andencouragingactivelearningstrategiescanhelpmanagecognitiveloadandenhancecomprehensionandretention.Understandingtheseprinciplesallowseducatorstocreatelearningenvironmentsandmaterialsthatsupportratherthanhindercognitiveprocessing.Questions:21.Accordingtocognitiveloadtheory,whatdeterminesthedifficultyoflearningatask?22.Whatistheprimarydistinctionbetweenintrinsiccognitiveloadandextraneouscognitiveload?23.Theword"posits"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:24.Whattypeofcognitiveloadisassociatedwiththelearner'sactiveeffortstounderstandandorganizeinformation?25.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneinstructionaltechniquementionedtohelpmanagecognitiveloadeffectively?PassageThreeThenegotiationofidentityinthedigitalspherepresentsuniquechallengesandopportunitiesinthemodernworld.Asindividualsconstructandperformtheiridentitiesonlinethroughvariousplatforms—socialmedia,forums,gamingcommunities—questionsariseregardingauthenticity,representation,andthepotentialforfragmentation.Usersoftencuratespecificversionsofthemselves,presentingidealizedorcarefullymanagedimagesthatmaydiffersignificantlyfromtheirofflinepersonas.Thisphenomenonraisesconcernsabouttheauthenticityofonlineinteractionsandthepotentialforself-objectificationorperformativeanxiety.Simultaneously,thedigitalrealmoffersunprecedentedspacesformarginalizedgroupstofindcommunities,expressidentities,andchallengedominantnarratives.Itprovidesplatformsforvisibilityandpoliticalactivismthatwerepreviouslyinaccessible.However,theverymechanismsthatenablethisexpression—algorithmiccuration,platformpolicies,andthepotentialforcyberbullying—canalsocreatenewformsofinequalityandcontrol.Navigatingthesecomplexitiesrequiresanuancedunderstandingofboththetechnicalaffordancesofdigitalplatformsandthesocialdynamicstheyfoster,aswellasacriticalawarenessofhowidentityisconstructed,performed,andregulatedinthesevirtualenvironments.Questions:26.Whatcentralissuedoesthepassageexploreregardingidentityandthedigitalworld?27.Howdoindividualsoftenpresentthemselvesonlineaccordingtothepassage?28.Thephrase"fragmentationofidentity"inthesecondparagraphcouldbestbeunderstoodas:29.Accordingtothepassage,whatpositiveaspectofthedigitalrealmismentionedformarginalizedgroups?30.Whatpotentialnegativeconsequenceofonlineidentitynegotiationismentionedthatrelatestothemechanismsofdigitalplatformsthemselves?PartIIIReadingComprehension(30minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.Then,choosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachofthequestionsthatfollow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Theevolutionofhumansocietyhasbeenintrinsicallylinkedwithadvancementsincommunicationtechnologies.Fromthedevelopmentofspokenlanguageandwritingsystemstotheinventionoftheprintingpress,theinternet,andmobilecomputing,eachleaphasfundamentallyreshapedhowinformationisshared,howcommunitiesareformed,andhowpowerisexercised.Theprintingpress,forinstance,democratizedknowledgebymakingbooksmoreaccessible,fosteringtheRenaissanceandtheEnlightenment,andenablingthespreadofrevolutionaryideas.Theinternet,followedbytheriseofsocialmedia,createdunprecedentedglobalconnectivity,transformedeconomicmodels,andgaverisetonewformsofsocialandpoliticalorganization.However,thesetechnologicaladvancementshavenotcomewithoutsignificanttrade-offs.Thespeedandreachofmoderncommunicationnetworksalsofacilitatetherapidspreadofmisinformation,enablesurveillanceonanunprecedentedscale,andcontributetophenomenasuchasfilterbubblesandechochambers,potentiallyisolatingindividualswithinlike-mindeddigitalechochambers.Furthermore,thedigitaleconomyhasexacerbatedinequalities,bothbetweenandwithinnations,leavingbehindthosewithoutaccessortheskillstoparticipatefully.Aswecontinuetonavigatethecomplexitiesofthedigitalage,thechallengeliesinharnessingtheimmensepotentialofcommunicationtechnologiesforsocietalbenefitwhileactivelymitigatingtheirinherentrisksandworkingtowardsmoreequitableandinclusiveformsofglobalcommunication.Questions:31.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?32.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasasignificantimpactoftheprintingpressonsociety?33.Theword"intrinsically"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:34.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonenegativeconsequenceassociatedwiththeinternetandsocialmedia?35.Whatistheauthor'scentralconcernregardingthefuturedevelopmentanduseofcommunicationtechnologies?试卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.B*解析思路：文章首段提出AI的讨论及其带来的好处和挑战，第二段进一步阐述这些好处和挑战。第三段总结需要负责任地引导AI发展。因此，文章主要目的是探讨AI对社会、经济和伦理的全面影响，并指出其带来的机遇与挑战，B选项（探讨AI带来的机遇与挑战，并强调负责任地引导其发展的重要性）最能概括主旨。2.A(自动化mundanetasks,enhancingproductivityacrossindustries,enablingbreakthroughsinmedicine,climatescience,andbeyond)*解析思路：文章第二段明确列举了AI的潜在好处，包括“automatingmundanetasks”（自动化日常任务）、“enhancingproductivityacrossindustries”（提高各行业生产力）、以及“enablingbreakthroughsinmedicine,climatescience,andbeyond”（在医学、气候科学等领域实现突破）。选项A涵盖了这些核心益处。3.C(caused)*解析思路：根据上下文，“Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaglobalconversation...”，这里需要选一个动词表示AI的“兴起”导致了“全球范围的对话”。Precipitate意为“促成，导致（突然发生）”。C选项“caused”（导致）意思最接近，表示AI的兴起引发了这场对话。4.D(theerosionofhumandecision-makingincriticaldomains)*解析思路：文章第二段在列举好处后，用“However,concernsaboundregarding...”引出担忧。列出的担忧包括“jobdisplacement”（失业）、“thepotentialforalgorithmicbias”（算法偏见）。第三段提到“theerosionofhumandecision-makingincriticaldomains”（在关键领域人类决策能力被侵蚀）。选项D是原文明确提及的、超出经济层面（jobdisplacement通常与经济相关）的担忧。5.E(thedevelopmentofethicalframeworksandregulatorystructuresneededtoguidethistechnologicalevolution)*解析思路：文章最后一段明确指出，随着AI的发展，“theethicalframeworksandregulatorystructuresneededtoguidethistechnologicalevolutionarestillunderdevelopment”（指导这项技术发展的伦理框架和监管结构仍处于发展中）。这表明，在技术发展过程中，如何建立相应的伦理和法规是当前面临的关键挑战。6.A(Itpresentsaholisticapproachtofarmingthatseekstorestoreandenhanceecosystemhealth)*解析思路：文章首段直接点明主旨，“Theconceptof'regenerativeagriculture'hasgainedtractionasaholisticapproachtofarmingthatseekstorestoreandenhanceecosystemhealth”（“再生农业”的概念作为一种整体的农业方法，旨在恢复和增强生态系统健康而获得关注）。A选项准确概括了这一点。7.B(Itfocusesonbuildingsoilorganicmatterthroughtechniquessuchascovercropping,no-tillorreduced-tillfarming,andtheintegrationoflivestock,whereasconventionalagricultureoftendepletessoilnutrientsandcontributestocarbonemissions)*解析思路：文章第一段对比了再生农业和传统农业。前半部分描述再生农业的特点：“focusesonbuildingsoilorganicmatterthroughtechniquessuchascovercropping,no-tillorreduced-tillfarming,andtheintegrationoflivestock”（通过覆盖作物、免耕或少耕以及结合牲畜等技术，专注于建立土壤有机质）。后半部分说明了传统农业的缺点：“conventionalagriculture,whichoftendepletessoilnutrientsandcontributestocarbonemissions”（传统农业往往消耗土壤养分并导致碳排放）。选项B准确概括了这种对比。8.C(reducesatmosphericcarbonlevels)*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“Thesemethodsnotonlyimprovesoilfertility...butalsosequesteratmosphericcarbon,effectivelyactingasaclimatechangemitigationstrategy.”（这些方法不仅改善了土壤肥力，而且固碳，有效地充当了气候变化的缓解策略）。这里的“sequesteratmosphericcarbon”意为将大气中的碳“固定住”，即减少大气中的碳含量。C选项“reducesatmosphericcarbonlevels”（减少大气碳水平）是最佳理解。9.B(reducesrelianceonsyntheticinputslikefertilizersandpesticides)*解析思路：文章第四段提到，再生农业的潜在好处之一是“reducerelianceonsyntheticinputslikefertilizersandpesticides”（减少对化肥和杀虫剂等合成投入品的依赖）。虽然短期内可能增加成本，但文章开头提到这能“improvesoilfertility”，长期来看可能“reducecosts”。选项B指出了这种潜在的成本节约途径（通过减少投入）。10.A(thetransitionrequiressignificantshiftsinfarmingpracticesandmindset)*解析思路：文章第四段最后一句指出，“Whilethetransitionrequiressignificantshiftsinfarmingpracticesandmindset,preliminarystudiessuggestpromisingoutcomes...”（尽管转型需要farmingpractices（farmingpractices）和mindset（心态）方面的重大转变，初步研究suggestpromisingoutcomes...）。这说明采用再生农业的一个主要挑战在于需要克服实践和观念上的巨大转变。11.A(Itexploresthedualimpactofdigitalcommunicationtechnologiesonhumanconnectionandwell-being)*解析思路：文章首段提出数字时代改变了沟通景观，带来了连接机会但也导致了隔离和误解。第二段具体阐述了社交媒体的负面影响。第三段进一步讨论了在线身份认同的复杂性。第四段总结了需要培养数字素养和关注真实连接。文章整体围绕数字沟通技术对人际关系和福祉的正面与负面影响展开，A选项最能概括主旨。12.C(ittendstoreduceinteractionstosuperficialexchangesanddiminishthecapacityfordeep,meaningfulengagement)*解析思路：文章第二段明确提到社交媒体的一个“unintendedconsequence”（非预期后果）是“oftenleadingtoechochambersandpolarizedviewpoints”（常常导致回声室效应和观点极化）。虽然这也是一个后果，但更直接回答“reduceinteractionstosuperficialexchangesanddiminishthecapacityfordeep,meaningfulengagement”（将互动减少为肤浅的交流，并削弱深度、有意义的参与能力）是第二段的核心论点，说明了连接的“质”下降了。选项C更侧重于对互动质量的影响。13.B(encouraged)*解析思路：根据上下文，“Concernsaboundregardingjobdisplacement,thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,andtheerosionofhumandecision-makingincriticaldomains.”（存在关于失业、算法偏见以及在关键领域侵蚀人类决策能力的担忧）。这里需要选一个动词，表示这些担忧是数字通信带来的结果。Foster意为“培养，促进”。B选项“encouraged”（促进，助长）在这里不太合适，因为担忧不是被“促进”的。更合适的词可能是“generated”或“ledto”。但考虑到提供的选项，B相对最接近，表示这些担忧的存在。（注：此处提供的选项可能不完全理想，更准确的词应是generated/ledto）14.D(anxietyandcompare-and-deservemindsets)*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“Theconstantpressuretoengageandperformonlinecancontributetoanxietyandcompare-and-deservemindsets.”（在线持续互动和表现的压力可能导致焦虑和攀比心态）。这说明社交媒体使用可能带来的个人层面的负面影响是焦虑感和攀比心态。15.E(prioritizinggenuinehumanconnectionovermereconnectivity)*解析思路：文章最后一段提出，“promptingcallsforgreaterdigitalliteracy,mindfulusage,andthoughtfuldesignoffuturetechnologiesthatprioritizegenuinehumanconnectionovermereconnectivity.”（呼吁提高数字素养、谨慎使用，并思考未来技术的设计，使其优先考虑真实的联系而非仅仅是连接）。选项E准确概括了最后一段提出的建议核心。16.A(thesubstitutionofnaturalsurfaceslikevegetationandsoilwithheat-absorbingmaterialssuchasconcreteandasphalt)*解析思路：文章第二段明确解释了UHI的主要原因：“Thistemperaturedisparityarisesprimarilyfromthesubstitutionofnaturalsurfaceslikevegetationandsoilwithheat-absorbingmaterialssuchasconcreteandasphalt.”（这种温度差异主要源于天然表面如植被和土壤被吸热材料如混凝土和沥青所取代）。A选项准确转述了原文。17.B(difference)*解析思路：根据上下文，“urbanareas,characterizedbydensepopulations,extensiveinfrastructure,andhumanactivities,oftenexperiencehighertemperaturescomparedtotheirruralsurroundings.”（城市地区，以其人口密集、基础设施广泛和人类活动为特征，通常比其农村环境温度更高）。这里强调的是城市和乡村之间在温度上的“difference”（差异）。18.B(Theyabsorbandstoremoresolarradiationandreflectlessheatbackintotheatmosphere)*解析思路：文章第二段解释了impervioussurfaces如何导致UHI：“Thesematerials,knownasimpervioussurfaces,havehighthermalmassandlowalbedo(reflectivity),meaningtheyabsorbandstoremoresolarradiationandreflectlessheatbackintotheatmosphere.”（这些被称为不透水表面的材料具有高热容和低反照率，这意味着它们吸收并储存更多的太阳辐射，并将更少的heatbackintotheatmosphere（热量反射回大气）。）。选项B准确概括了这一点。19.C(increasedenergyconsumptionforcooling)*解析思路：文章第三段提到UHIs的后果之一是“increasedenergyconsumptionforcooling”（增加制冷能源消耗）。结合第二段提到的健康影响，虽然原文未直接列出选项C，但“increasedenergyconsumptionforcooling”是UHI导致的一个明确的、与人类健康相关的负面影响（例如，为了应对高温而增加空调使用）。在提供的选项中，这是最相关的。（注：原文第三段直接说的是增加制冷能耗，这与选项C的表述一致，但选项C本身在题目中并未出现。请核对题目中是否有此选项，或确认题目要求是解析提供的答案选项）假设题目要求解析的是答案C（如果C是答案的话），其解析是：文章第三段明确指出，UHIs会导致“increasedenergyconsumptionforcooling”，即增加制冷的能源消耗，这是对人类生活的影响之一。20.A(increasinggreenspaces,usingcoolroofandpavementmaterials,andimplementingurbanforestryprojects)*解析思路：文章最后一段明确提出了缓解UHI的策略：“Recognizingthesechallenges,urbanplannersandpolicymakersareincreasinglyexploringmitigationstrategies,suchasincreasinggreenspaces,usingcoolroofandpavementmaterials,andimplementingurbanforestryprojectstoreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.”（认识到这些挑战，城市规划者和决策者越来越多地探索缓解策略，例如增加绿地空间、使用凉爽的屋顶和路面材料，以及实施城市林业项目来减少城市热岛效应）。选项A准确列出了原文提到的三种策略。21.C(Itisdeterminedbytheinherentdifficultyandcomplexityofthematerialbeinglearned)*解析思路：文章第二段解释了认知负荷理论：“Thistheory,developedbyJohnSweller,positsthatlearningisinfluencedbytheamountofcognitiveeffortrequiredtoprocessinformation.”（该理论由JohnSweller提出，认为学习受到处理信息所需认知努力程度的影响）。紧接着解释了认知负荷的三个类型，其中Intrinsicload是“inherentdifficultyofthematerialitself,suchasthecomplexityofconceptsorthenumberofelementstoprocess”（材料本身的固有难度，例如概念的复杂性或元素的数量）。C选项（由所学习材料的固有难度和复杂性决定）是对此的同义转述。22.A(Intrinsiccognitiveloadisrelatedtothematerial'sinherentdifficulty,whileextraneouscognitiveloadiscausedbypoorinstruction)*解析思路：文章第二段定义了三种负荷：“Intrinsiccognitiveloadreferstotheinherentdifficultyofthematerialitself...Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrompoorlydesignedinstruction...”（内认知负荷指材料本身的固有难度...额外认知负荷源于设计不良的指导...）。A选项准确区分了两者的来源：前者源于材料本身，后者源于指导方式。23.B(suggests)*解析思路：根据上下文，“Cognitiveloadtheorypositsthatlearningisinfluencedbytheamountofcognitiveeffortrequiredtoprocessinformation.”（认知负荷理论提出/断言学习受到处理信息所需认知努力程度的影响）。这里需要一个动词，表示理论所主张或断言的内容。Posit意为“提出，主张”。B选项“suggests”（建议，表明）意思最接近，表示理论的观点。24.C(germanecognitiveload)*解析思路：文章第二段明确指出：“germanecognitiveloadreferstothementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,engaginginschemaconstruction,andintegratingnewknowledgewithexistingknowledge.”（关联认知负荷指致力于处理和理解信息、参与图式构建以及将新知识与现有知识整合的心理努力）。因此，C选项“germanecognitiveload”（关联认知负荷）是指学习者积极努力进行理解和建构的心理活动。25.E(usinganalogies,organizinginformationintohierarchies,providingrelevantexamples,andencouragingactivelearningstrategies)*解析思路：文章第三段在解释如何管理认知负荷以优化学习后，列举了具体技术：“Techniquessuchasusinganalogies,organizinginformationintohierarchies,providingrelevantexamples,andencouragingactivelearningstrategiescanhelpmanagecognitiveloadandenhancecomprehensionandretention.”（例如使用类比、将信息组织成层次结构、提供相关示例以及鼓励主动学习策略等技术可以帮助管理认知负荷并提高理解和记忆）。选项E准确概括了原文提到的这些技术。26.B(Thepassagediscusseshowindividualsconstructandperformtheiridentitiesonline,andthechallengesrelatedtoauthenticityandfragmentation)*解析思路：文章首段提出问题：“Thephenomenonofidentitynegotiationinthedigitalspherepresentsuniquechallengesandopportunities...”（数字领域身份协商的现象带来了独特的挑战和机遇）。接着，第二段讨论了在线身份的“curating”（精心策划）以及与传统身份的差异。第三段讨论了在线身份的积极意义（为边缘群体提供空间）和消极意义（算法、平台政策等带来的问题）。最后一段总结了对数字身份构建和表现的“criticalawareness”（批判性意识）。文章围绕在线身份的构建、表现、真实性问题、碎片化以及相关挑战展开。B选项（探讨个体如何在线构建和表现其身份，以及与真实性和碎片化相关的问题）最能概括主旨。27.A(Individualsoftencuratespecificversionsofthemselves,presentingidealizedorcarefullymanagedimagesthatmaydiffersignificantlyfromtheirofflinepersonas)*解析思路：文章第二段明确说明了在线身份的表现方式：“Asindividualsconstructandperformtheiridentitiesonlinethroughvariousplatforms...Usersoftencuratespecificversionsofthemselves,presentingidealizedorcarefullymanagedimagesthatmaydiffersignificantlyfromtheirofflinepersonas.”（随着个体通过各种平台构建和表演其在线身份...用户常常精心策划他们自己的特定版本，呈现出理想化或经过管理的形象，这些形象可能与他们的线下人格有显著差异）。A选项准确概括了这一点。28.D(thestateofhavingmultiple,perhapsconflicting,identitiesthatarepresentedindifferentcontexts)*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“Thisphenomenonraisesconcernsabout...thepotentialforfragmentationofidentity.”（这种现象引发了关于...身份潜在碎片化的担忧）。结合上下文，指的应该是当个体在线上表现出一个形象，在线下又是另一个形象，这种不一致性可能导致身份的“fragmentation”（碎片化）。选项D（拥有多个可能相互冲突的身份，这些身份在不同的环境中呈现的状态）是对此的一种解释性描述。29.A(itprovidesplatformsformarginalizedgroupstofindcommunities,expressidentities,andchallengedominantnarratives)*解析思路：文章第三段明确提到了在线身份的积极方面：“Simultaneously,thedigitalrealmoffersunprecedentedspacesformarginalizedgroupstofindcommunities,expressidentities,andchallengedominantnarratives.”（同时，数字领域为边缘群体提供了前所未有的空间，让他们找到社区、表达身份并挑战主导叙事）。选项A准确概括了原文提到的积极意义。30.C(algorithmiccuration,platformpolicies,andthepotentialforcyberbullying)*解析思路：文章第三段在提到在线身份表达的积极意义后，接着指出其挑战：“However,theverymechanismsthatenablethisexpression—algorithmiccuration,platformpolicies,andthepotentialforcyberbullying—canalsocreatenewformsofinequalityandcontrol.”（然而，正是那些促成这种表达机制的——算法策展、平台政策以及网络欺凌的可能性——也可能创造新的不平等和控制形式）。因此，C选项准确概括了这些机制（算法推荐、平台规则、网络欺凌的可能性）。31.A(Itdiscussestheevolutionofcommunicationtechnologiesandtheirsignificantimpactsonsocietyandhumanhistory)*解析思路：文章首段提出“theevolutionofhumansocietyhasbeenintrinsicallylinkedwithadvancementsincommunicationtechnologies.”（人类社会的发展与沟通技术的进步密不可分）。接着列举了从口语、文字、印刷术到互联网和移动计算的发展及其影响。文章探讨了这些技术如何改变信息共享、社区形成和权力行使。最后一段也提到了其带来的机遇与挑战。文章整体围绕沟通技术的历史演变及其对社会和人类历史产生的重大影响展开。A选项最能概括主旨。32.B(itmadebooksmoreaccessible,fosteringtheRenaissanceandtheEnlightenment,andenablingthespreadofrevolutionaryideas)*解析思路：文章第二段明确提到了印刷术的影响：“Forinstance,theprintingpress,forinstance,democratizedknowledgebymakingbooksmoreaccessible,fosteringtheRenaissanceandtheEnlightenment,andenablingthespreadofrevolutionaryideas.”（例如，印刷术通过使书籍更易获取而使知识民主化，促进了文艺复兴和启蒙运动，并使革命思想得以传播）。选项B准确概括了原文提到的几个关键影响。33.D(closely)*解析思路：根据上下文，“Theevolutionofhumansocietyhasbeenintrinsicallylinkedwithadvancementsincommunicationtechnologies.”（人类社会的发展与沟通技术的进步密不可分）。这里需要选一个副词，表示两者之间的紧密联系。Intrinsically意为“内在地，本质上地”。D选项“closely”（紧密地）意思最接近，表示两者关系非常密切。34.B(itfacilitatestherapidspreadofmisinformation)*解析思路：文章第三段讨论了现代通信技术的负面影响：“Thespeedandreachofmoderncommunicationnetworksalsofacilitatetherapidspreadofmisinformation,enablesurveillanceonanunprecedentedscale,andcontributetophenomenasuchasfilterbubblesandechochambers...”（现代通信网络的速度和范围也促进了虚假信息的快速传播，实现了前所未有的监控，并导致了过滤气泡和回声室等现象...）。选项B准确概括了原文提到的第一个负面影响。35.E(howtoensuretheyservehumanity'sbestinterestswhileactivelymitigatingtheirinherentrisksandworkingtowardsmoreequitableandinclusiveformsofglobalcommunication)*解析思路：文章最后一段总结了挑战：“Aswecontinuetonavigatethecomplexitiesofthedigitalage,thechallengeliesinharnessingtheimmensepotentialofcommunicationtechnologiesforsocietalbenefitwhileactivelymitigatingtheirinherentrisksandworkingtowardsmoreequitableandinclusiveformsofglobalcommunication.”（随着我们继续在数字时代的复杂性中航行，挑战在于利用通信技术的巨大潜力为社会