【英语】完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结经典1

【英语】完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结经典1一、完形填空1．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。

WhenIwasayoungboy,myfavoritethingwasatoygun.SometimesIwouldshootbullets（发射子弹）forpractice.Oneday,Iwalkedintothe1

withmygun.I2

aJohnWaynemoviewherehepreferredshootingthegunwithonehand.AsIwas3

whathedid,Iheardapop.Ihadn't4

thebulletswhenIpracticedshootingthedaybefore.Iwatchednervouslyasthebulletpartedthehairofmydadwhowas5

onthesofa.Oneandahalfincheslower,itwouldhaveshothiminthehead.Mydadwokeupandsawwhathappened.He6

tookmytoygun,walkedoutandbrokeitonthestone.Iwouldn'thaveanothertoygunforalongtime7

thatandwhenIdid,Irefusedtoputbulletsinit.

8

troubledmemost,though,wasseeingtheangerinmydad'seyes.Ihidinmyroomfortherestofthedaynot9

tofacehim.I10

thathedidn'tlovemeanylonger.Atdinnertimehewalkedintotheroomandputhishandonmyhead."It'sOK,Joey,"hesaid,"Iforgiveyou.Nowcomeandeat."Ifeltso11

atthatmoment.Ifeltlovedonceagain.

Intheyearsthatfollowed,I12

mydadmorethanonce.Iwasa13

learnerandsufferedalot.Icriedandstruggled（挣扎）,14

Ialwaysfeltloved.NomatterhowbadlyIdid,myfatherlovedmeandnever15.Hewasalwayshelpingmetobecomebetterandkinder.1.A.classroomB.houseC.storeD.theatre2.A.expectedB.choseC.rememberedD.showed3.A.copyingB.imaginingC.askingD.watching4.A.addedB.cleanedC.boughtD.prepared5.A.sleepingB.workingC.laughingD.reading6.A.secretlyB.angrilyC.calmlyD.simply7.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.by8.A.WhileB.WhenC.HowD.What9.A.needingB.daringC.caringD.agreeing10.A.heardB.fearedC.acceptedD.meant11.A.strongB.happyC.hungryD.safe12.A.thankedB.avoidedC.hatedD.upset13.A.slowB.luckyC.carefulD.strict14.A.andB.orC.butD.so15.A.cheeredupB.gaveupC.caughtupD.warmedup【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）B；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）B；（11）B；（12）D；（13）A；（14）C；（15）D；【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文作者讲述了小时候用自己最喜欢的枪练习发射子弹时，子弹射到爸爸的头发上，爸爸很生气，把枪摔了。作者不敢面对爸爸，但后来爸爸原谅了他。在过去的几年里，无论作者做的多么糟，爸爸仍然爱他帮助他变得更好更善良。（1）句意：一天，我带着枪走到房子里。A.classroom教室；B.house房子；C：store商店；D.theatre戏院。根据onthesofa.在沙发上，可知走进房屋里。故选B。（2）句意：我想起一部约翰·韦恩的电影，他更喜欢用单手射击。A.expected期望；B.chose选择；C.remembered记得；D.showed展示。根据逻辑关系应该是记起来，故选C。（3）句意：我模仿他做的时候。A.copying模仿；B.imagining想像；C.asking问；D.watching观看。根据whathedid可知是模仿，故选A。（4）句意：当我前天练习射击时，我没有清理完子弹。A.added增加；B.cleaned清理；C.bought买；D.prepared准备。根据thebulletpartedthehairofmydad子弹把爸爸的头发射开，可知是清理，故选B。（5）句意：我紧张地观看当子弹把睡着在沙发上的爸爸的头发射开。A.sleeping睡觉；B.working工作；C.laughing大笑；D.reading读。根据Mydadwokeup我的爸爸醒来，可知睡着，故选A。（6）句意：他生气地拿着我的枪，走出去并且把它摔在石头上。A.secretly秘密地；B.angrily生气地；C.calmly平静地；D.simply简单地。根据walkedoutandbrokeitonthestone.可知是生气地，故选B。（7）句意：那以后，长时间我没有枪。A.before在......以前；B.until直到；C.after在......以后；D.by到......为止。根据句意应该是在那以后，故选C。（8）句意：我最困扰的然而是看到爸爸眼里的怒气。根据句子结构，句子缺少主语，疑问代词what在句中做主语，故选D。（9）句意：那天剩余的时间，我躲在房间里，不敢面对爸爸。A.needing需要；B.daring敢；C.caring介意；D.agreeing同意。根据wasseeingtheangerinmydad'seyes.看见爸爸眼里的怒气。可知不敢，故选B。（10）句意：我害怕他不在爱我了。A.heard听到；B.feared害怕；C.accepted接受；D.meant意思。根据爸爸生气，可知应该是害怕，故选B。（11）句意：那时我感到很高兴。A.strong强壮的；B.happy高兴的；C.hungry饥饿的；D.safe安全的。根据Iforgiveyou.Nowcomeandeat可知爸爸原谅他，应该是高兴，故选B。（12）句意：在随后的几年里，我不只一次是爸爸生气。A.thanked感谢；B.avoided避免；C.hated恨；D.upset使生气。根据NomatterhowbadlyIdid,可知是使生气，故选D。（13）句意：我是一个反应慢的人并且受了很多苦。A.slow慢的；B.lucky幸运的；C.careful细心的；D.strict严格的。根据sufferedalot可知是慢的，故选A。（14）句意：但是我总是被关爱。A.and和，表并列；B.or或者，表选择；C.but但是，表转折；D.so所以，表结果。根据NomatterhowbadlyIdid.可知不管做多糟糕。总是被关爱，是转折关系，故选C。（15）句意：我的父亲爱我是自然的。A.cheeredup使振作起来；B.gaveup放弃；C.caughtup抓住；D.warmedup热身。根据常理父母对子女的爱是自然的，不需要准备热身，故选D。【点评】完型填空，考查词汇在语篇在中的运用能力。答题首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌作答，注意考虑句型句法搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。2．完形填空

GlobalwarmingmeansthetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.IftheEarthgets1,someofthefollowingthingscouldhappen:

Thesealevelcould2

becauseofthemeltingofseaice.

Manyanimalsthatliveontheicemight3

out.

Therecouldbemorefloods（洪水）,4

neartheseaandrivers.

Someplantsandanimalsmightdiebecausetheycannotliveinhigh5.

Globalwarmingisavery6

problemnow.Thereissomethingwecandotohelptoslowitdown.

Scientistshavebeenstudyingglobalwarmingforyears.Theyhavefoundthatsomethingsthatpeopledoineverydaylifemakemuchgasthat7

globalwarming.Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil,gasandcoalforenergyforourcarsandhomes.Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas.Wecandosomethingtocut8

ontheamountofgreenhousegas.

⒈Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife,andlessgasinourfamilycars.Weshouldturnoffthe9

andturndownotherelectricalequipment.Weshouldwalkmoreandusecarsless.

⒉10

cantakeinsomeofthegreenhousegas.Soweshouldplantmoretrees.1.A.biggerB.olderC.hotterD.slower2.A.riseB.fallC.remainD.quit3.A.goB.dieC.letD.put4.A.especiallyB.luckilyC.continuallyD.nearly5.A.talentB.tentC.topD.temperature6.A.easyB.naturalC.seriousD.nervous7.A.stopsB.causesC.preventsD.affects8.A.offB.intoC.outD.down9.A.doorsB.lightsC.invitationsD.roads10.A.GrassesB.FlowersC.ForestsD.Animals【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）B；（10）C；【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了全球变暖会造成的一些后果以及对于全球变暖我们可以做的事。

（1）句意：如果地球变得更热，可能会发生以下一些事情。A更大的；B更老的；C更热的；D更慢的。由thetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher可知此处表示如果地球变得越来越热，故选C。（2）句意：由于海冰融化，海平面可能上升。A升起；B跌落；C保持；D退出。由themeltingofseaice可知海平面会上升，故选A。（3）句意：许多生活在冰上的动物可能会灭绝。A出去；B灭绝；C释放；D扑灭。由theEarthgetshotter可知此处表示许多住在冰上的动物会灭绝，故选B。（4）句意：可能会有更多的洪水，尤其是在靠近海洋和河流的地方。A特别是；B幸运地；C持续地；D几乎。根据语句Therecouldbemorefloods可知此处表示可能会有更多的洪灾，特别是在海洋和河流附近，故选A。（5）句意：一些动植物可能会因为无法在高温下生存而死亡。A天赋；B帐篷；C顶部；D温度。由theEarthgetshotter可知此处的是因为它们不能在高温下生存，故选D。（6）句意：全球变暖现在是一个非常严重的问题。A容易的；B自然的；C严格的，严肃的；D紧张的。由上文提到的全球变暖会导致的结果可知此处表示的是全球变暖现在是一个很严峻的问题，故选C。（7）句意：科学家们一直在研究全球变暖的起因。A停止；B引起；C防止；D影响。由Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil…可知此处表示科学家们一直在研究全球变暖的起因，故选B。（8）句意：我们可以做点什么来减少温室气体排放量。A切断；B切入；C裁剪；D砍，减少。由Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas，可知此处表示我们可以做点什么来减少温室气体排放量，故选D。（9）句意：我们应该关上电灯。A门；B光；C邀请；D路。由Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife可知此处表示我们应该关上电灯，故选B。（10）句意：森林可以吸收一些温室气体。A草；B花；C森林；D动物。由Soweshouldplantmoretrees，可知此处表示森林可以吸收一些温室气体，选C。【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。3．完形填空

GrandmaSallyiseighty-sixyearsold.Shehasnosons1daughters.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago.Butshedidn'tmoveintoanursinghome.Shewouldliketo2herselfeveryday.

Everynightshespendstwohours3kidswithmath.Allkidslivingonherstreetcangetherhelpwithoutpayment（报酬）.Shewasafamousmath4beforesheretired（退休）fromamiddleschool.

Shegetsupearlyinthemorning,thendoessports,goesshoppingorhelpscleaners5thestreet.Andshedoesthesehappily.

Whenthekidscomeforhelp,sheisalways6andtriesherbest.Peopleaskedher7.Shesaid,"Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem."

Sheisalwayshappyeverydayandalwayssayshellotopeoplearoundher8asmile.

"I9toloveeverythingaroundme.SoI'mhappytodosomething.I'mthankfulforthosekidswhocometomeforhelp.Eachkidismy10.Iloveeachdaytohelpthem,"shesaid.1.A.andB.orC.butD.so2.A.looklikeB.lookatC.lookafterD.lookfor3.A.helpingB.workingC.studyingD.teaching4.A.teacherB.nurseC.workerD.cleaner5.A.doB.runC.sweepD.play6.A.awfulB.happyC.tiredD.boring7.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.how8.A.forB.onC.inD.with9.A.havedecidedB.decidesC.haven'tdecidedD.hate10.A.exampleB.giftC.teacherD.helper【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）A；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）B；【解析】【分析】本文主要讲了Sally奶奶86岁，没有子女，独自快乐生活的故事。（1）句意：她没有儿子和女儿。此题考查连词，连接sons和daughters，and，和，用于肯定句中表示连接，or或者，也不，也没有，用于否定句和疑问句中表示连接，but，但是，so，所以，根据hasno，没有，得知此句是否定句，应填or，表示也没有，故选B。（2）句意：她想要每天自己照顾自己。looklike，看起来像，lookat，看，lookafter，照顾，lookfor，寻找，根据上文Butshedidn'tmoveintoanursinghome，但是她没有搬到养老院，可知她想自己生活，即自己照顾自己，因此用lookafter，照顾，故选C。（3）句意：每天晚上她花费两小时帮助孩子们学数学。spendtimedoingsth，花费时间做某事，故此处应填动词ing形式，help，帮助，work，工作，study，学习，teach，教，helpsbwithsth，在某事上帮助某人，固定搭配，故选A。（4）句意：在从一所中学退休之前，她是一个著名的数学老师。根据beforesheretiredfromamiddleschool，在她从中学退休之前，可知之前是在中学工作，是个数学老师，teacher，老师，故选A。（5）句意：她早上早起，然后做运动，购物或者帮助清洁工清扫街道。do，做，run，跑，sweep，清扫，play，玩，此处是helpsbdosth，帮助某人做某事，根据helpscleaners，帮助清洁工，应该是帮助他们清扫街道，因此应是sweep，清扫，故选C。（6）句意：当孩子们来寻求帮助时，她总是开心的并且尽全力去帮。根据下文Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem，我喜欢这么做，帮助他们让我开心，可知当孩子来寻求帮助并且在她帮助他们的时候是开心的，happy，开心的，快乐的，故选B。（7）句意：人们问她为什么。根据下文Shesaid,"Iloveit.Itmakesmehappytohelpthem."她说：“我喜欢这么做，帮助他们让我开心。”可见这是回答了一个原因，因此人们问她的应该是原因或者为什么，why，为什么，故选A。（8）句意：她每天总是很开心，并且总是面带微笑跟周围的人问好。此处是说她面带微笑跟别人问好，for，为了，on，在……上面，in，在……里面，with，带着，withasmile，带着微笑，故选D。（9）句意：我决定要热爱周围的一切。havedecided，已经决定，现在完成时，decides，决定，一般现在时，haven'tdecided，没有决定，现在完成时，hate，讨厌，一般现在时，根据下文SoI'mhappytodosomething，所以我很开心做一些事情，表示她决定要热爱周围的一切，排除C和D，现在完成时可以表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，文中说她一直都在帮助别人，可知是之前的决定对现在的影响，用现在完成时，havedecided，已经决定，故选A。（10）句意：每个孩子都是我的礼物。example，例子，gift，礼物，teacher，老师，helper，帮手，根据上文

I'mthankfulforthosekidswhocometomeforhelp，我感激那些来找我帮忙的孩子们，可知此处把孩子比作礼物最能体现她对孩子们的感激和喜爱，故选B。【点评】考查完形填空，注意通读文章，根据上下文来理解文意，选出恰当的选项。4．根据短文理解,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

ChiLiisoneofthebestknownChinesewritersintheWest.Shewasborninthewest.Shewasborninthel950s.Attheageof19.Chientereda

1collegein1976.Aftershegraduated.She

2asadoctoratahospitalinWuhan.Assheloved

3muchmore,shewenttoWuhanUniversitytostudyChineselanguageandliteraturein1983.Shechose

4asherprofession（专业）.

Duringthe1980s,Chiwrotemanyworksfulloflove.Inthe1990s,herworks,suchasApartFromLoveandTheSunWas,Born.wereaboutlivesofyoungpeopleandeverydayproblems.Since2003,Chihas

5ahigherlevelinherworks.Andmanyofhernovelshavereceiveda

6honor.LifeShowisoneofherrepresentative（代表）

7andithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.The

8showsthereallifeofacommonwomaninWuhan.

Chisays,“Writersdon'tneedtobeanyone,buttheyshouldbe

9tounderstandeveryone.”Sosheoften

10alonetogetafeelofhowtheworldisandtriestounderstandpeoplefromallsocialstrata（阶层）.1.A.medical

B.musical

C.language2.A.became

B.worked

C.enjoyed3.A.medicine

B.traveling

C.literature4.A.teaching

B.writing

C.nursing5.A.reached

B.arrived

C.failed6.A.great

B.nice

C.bad7.A.movies

B.cartoonsC.works8.A.picture

B.story

C.newspaper9.A.sad

B.afraid

C.able10.A.talks

B.lives

C.travels【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）B；（5）A；（6）A；（7）C；（8）B；（9）C；（10）C；【解析】【分析】本文介绍了中国著名的西部作家池莉，她的成长过程以及伟大的成就。（1）medical医学的；musical音乐的；language语言。根据下文她毕业后在武汉一所医院当医生，所以在1976年，池莉上的是医科大学。故选A。（2）考查词组：workas，“作为…来工作”。故选B。（3）medicine药；traveling旅行；literature文学。由下半句她在1983年上了武汉大学的汉语言文学专业，可知她爱好文学更多。故选C。（4）考查语义衔接。由下一句“Duringthe1980s,Chiwrotemanyworksfulloflove.”可知她选择了写作专业。故选B.（5）句意：自从2003年，池莉的作品达到了更高的水平。根据句意，排除选项C。reach及物动词，加地点；arrive是不及物动词，加at/in才能跟宾语。故选A。（6）句意：她的很多小说获得了很多荣誉。agreathonor一个很高的荣誉。故选A（7）句意：LifeShow是她的代表作之一。movie电影；cartoons卡通片；works作品。根据上下文可知选C。（8）句意：文章里的故事展示了武汉普通妇女的生活。故选B（9）句意为：作者不需要做任何人，但是要能够理解任何人。beabletodosth能够做某事。故选C（10）句意：所以她经常一个人旅行，去感受世界，了解社会各个阶层的人们。talk谈话；live住；travel旅行。故选C。【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，做完型填空首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。5．完形填空

ThanksgivingDaywasnear.Thefirst-gradeteacherasked1studentstodrawapictureofsomethingthattheywerethankfulfor.Peoplecelebratedtheholiday2turkey（火鸡）andothertraditionalfoodoftheseason.So,mostofherstudents'pictureswereaboutthem.

3,Peterdrewadifferentkindofpicture.Peterwasadifferentkindofboy.Healwayslookedsad.Whenaskedtodrawapictureofsomethingforwhichhewasthankful,hedreway4.Otherstudentswereallveryinterestedinthepicture.Whosehandcoulditbe?Onechildguesseditwasthehandofafarmer,becausefarmersfeed5.Anotherthoughtitwasthehandofapoliceman,becausethepolice（山）6

andcareforpeople.StillothersguesseditwasthehandofGod（上帝）...Thediscussionwentonuntiltheteacheralmost7theyoungartist.

Duringthebreak,allchildrenranoutoftheclassroomexceptPeter.

TheteachercametoPeter's8

,bent（弯腰）down,andaskedhimwhosehanditwas.Thelittleboy9andsaidinalowvoice,"It'syours,teacher.

Sherememberedthetimesshetookhishandandwalkedwithhimhereandthere.She10said,"Takemyhand,Peter.Let'sgooutside.Letmeshowyouhowtouseyourpencil."Peterwasverygratefultohisteacher.1.A.hisB.herC.ourD.my2.A.atB.inC.forD.with3.A.AnywayB.ThenC.HoweverD.Maybe4.A.headB.farmerC.handD.policeman5.A.sheepB.cowsC.pigsD.turkeys6.A.adviseB.protectC.catchD.call7.A.encouragedB.noticedC.forgotD.found8.A.deskB.classroomC.houseD.school9.A.wokeupB.warmedupC.lookedupD.hurriedup10.A.stillB.evenC.oftenD.never【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）C；（4）C；（5）D；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）C；（10）C；【解析】【分析】主要讲了感恩节来临前，老师让学生画一些感恩的东西，Peter画了一张不同的图片——手，经过同学们的猜测，老师最终询问Peter是谁的手，Peter说是老师的手。（1）句意：一年级的老师让她的学生画一张他们感恩的东西的图片。A.他的；B.她的；C.我们的；D.我的。根据后文she可知老师是女性，所以用her她的，故选B。（2）句意：人们用火鸡和这个季节的其他传统食物庆祝这个节日。A.在；B.在……里面；C.为了；D.和，带有，用。根据常识可知感恩节时人们用火鸡庆祝，故选D。（3）句意：然而，Peter画了一张不同的画。A.无论如何；B.然后；C.然而；D.或许。根据前文可知大部分学生画的画是关于火鸡和其他传统食物的，Peter画的画不同，所以表示转折，故选C。（4）句意：当被让到画一张他感恩的东西时，他画了一只手。A.头；B.农民；C.手；D.警察。根据后文可知画的是手，故选C。（5）句意：因为农民喂养火鸡。A.绵羊；B.奶牛；C.猪；D.火鸡。根据前文可知用火鸡庆祝感恩节，所以农民喂养的是火鸡，故选D。（6）句意：因为警察保护和关心人们。A.建议；B.保护；C.捉到；D.打电话。根据常识可知警察保护人民，故选B。（7）句意：讨论继续直到老师几乎忘记了这位年轻的艺术节。A.鼓励；B.注意到；C.忘记；D.发现。根据前文可知学生们在猜测是谁的手，所以老师把Peter忘记了。故选C。（8）句意：老师走到Peter桌子边，弯下腰，问他它是谁的手。A.桌子；B.教室；C.房子；D.学校。老师走到Peter的桌子旁边，故选A。（9）句意：这个小男孩仰视，低声说：“它是你的，老师。”A.醒来；B.热身；C.仰视；D.快点。Peter抬起头和老师说话，即仰视，故选C。（10）句意：她经常说：“Peter，拉着我的手，让我们去外面，让我展示给你怎样使用你的铅笔。”A.仍然；B.甚至；C.经常；D.从不。根据前文可知老师经常带Peter出去，故选C。【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。二、阅读理解6．阅读理解

StudentsataprimaryschoolinFuzhou,EastChina'sFujianProvincewererequiredtocleantheschooltoiletstohelpthemdevelopgoodhabits.

Butsomeparentsarestronglyagainsttheidea.Theycan'tseetheadvantagesofstudentsdoingsuchchores（杂事）.Theythinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswithapropereducation,notthechancetobeschoolcleaners.

Infact,parents,schoolsandsocietyplayanequally（同等地）importantroleindevelopingthecharacterofstudents.Itisgoodforschoolstogivestudentssuchtasks,becausefewofthestudentswilldothemathome.Theirparentswantthemtodohomeworkonly.Inrecentyears,someparentswillmakemountainsoutofmolehillswhenstudentsareaskedtodosomechoresinschools.Somecomplainabouttheteachersiftheirkidsgethurtinschools;someevenchallengetheschools'teachingmethodsandmanagement.Asaresult,manyprimaryschools,especiallythoseinbigcities,donotletstudentsjoininoutdooractivitiesduringbreaks,fearingthattheymightgethurt.Thisisbadforthedevelopmentofstudents'bestqualities.

WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.（1）AprimaryschoolinFuzhourequiredthestudentsto

.A.

dohomeworkonly

B.

finishhomeworkatschoolC.

cleantheplayground

D.

cleantheschooltoilets（2）Someparentsdon'tthinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswith

.A.

apropereducation

B.

achancetobecleanersC.

achancetobeteachers

D.

morehousework（3）Theunderlinedphrase"makemountainsoutofmolehills"means"

".A.

愚公移山

B.

山穷水尽

C.

小题大做

D.

眉飞色舞（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A.

Studentsshouldn'tdoanychoresinschool.B.

Parentsrequirestudentstodosomechoresinschool.C.

Someparentsthinkdoingsomechoresisharmfultostudents.D.

Doingsomechorescandevelopstudents'goodqualities.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】主要讲了福州一所小学让学生们打扫厕所来朋友学生的好习惯，对此一些父母的意见及其好处。（1）细节题。根据StudentsataprimaryschoolinFuzhou,EastChina'sFujianProvincewererequiredtocleantheschooltoiletstohelpthemdevelopgoodhabits可知福州一所小学让学生们打扫厕所来朋友学生的好习惯，故选D。（2）细节题。根据Theythinkthattheschoolshouldprovidestudentswithapropereducation,notthechancetobeschoolcleaners.可知一些父母认为不应该让学生成为学习清洁工，故选B。（3）推断题。根据后句Somecomplainabouttheteachersiftheirkidsgethurtinschools;someevenchallengetheschools'teachingmethodsandmanagement.一些家长抱怨老师是否孩子在学校受伤，甚至挑战老师的教学方法和管理，所以一些家长容易小题大做，故选C。（4）主旨题，根据Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.可知做家务可以培养学生的责任心、团队精神、让学生的在校经历更有意义，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7．阅读理解

FormorethansixmillionAmericanchildren,cominghomeafterschoolmeanscomingtoanemptyhouse.SomedealwiththesituationbywatchingTV.Somemayhide.Butallofthemhavesomethingincommon.Theyspendpartofeachdayalone.Theyarecalled"latchkeychildren".They'rechildrenwholookafterthemselveswhiletheirparentsareworking.Andtheirbadconditionhasbecomeasubjectofconcern.LynetteLongwasoncetheheadmistressofanelementaryschool.Shesaid,"Wehadaschoolruleagainstwearingjewellery.Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysfastened.Iwasconstantlytellingthemtoputtheminsidetheirshirts.Thereweresomanykeys.Itnevercametomymindwhattheymeant,"Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.

Sheandherhusbandbegantalkingtothechildrenwhohadthem.Theylearnedoftheimpact（影响）workingcouplesandsingleparentswerehavingontheirchildren.Fearisthebiggestproblemfacedbychildrenathomealone.OneineachthreelatchkeychildrentheLongstalkedtoreportedbeingscared.Manyhadnightmaresandwereworriedabouttheirownsafety.

Themostcommonwaylatchkeychildrendealwiththeirfearsisbyhiding.Itmightbeinashowerstall,underabed,orinacloset.ThesecondisTV.They'lloftenplayitathighvolume.It'shardtogetstatistics（统计数据）onlatchkeychildren,theLongslearned.Mostparentsareslowtoadmittheyleavetheirchildrenalone.（1）Themainideaaboutlatchkeychildrenisthatthey_________________.A.

aregrowinginnumbers

B.

sufferproblemsfrombeingleftaloneC.

watchtoomuchTVduringtheday

D.

arealsofoundinmiddleclassneighbourhoods（2）Whichsentenceinthesecondparagraphisthetopicsentence?A.

Wehadaschoolruleagainstwearingjewellery.B.

Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysfastened.C.

Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.D.

Iwasconstantlytellingthemtoputtheminsidetheirshirts.（3）hemainfeelingthesechildrenhavewhentheyareathomebythemselvesis_________________.A.

tiredness

B.

freedom

C.

loneliness

D.

fear（4）TheLongs'studywasmainlyon_________________.A.

lonelychildrenwhohavesingleparentsB.

childrenwhoseparentsareworkingorwhohaveoneparentonlyC.

childrenwhohavetheproblemoffearD.

parentswhoareworkingfarfromtheirhomes（5）Wemaydrawaconclusion（结论）that_________________.A.

it'sdifficulttofindouthowmanylatchkeychildrenthereareB.

latchkeychildrentrytohidetheirfeelingsC.

latchkeychildrenoftenwatchTVwiththeirparentsD.

latchkeychildrenenjoyhavingsuchalargeamountoftimealone【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了美国一些“钥匙儿童”的生活情况这一社会问题。（1）推理题。根据theirbadconditionhasbecomeasubjectofconcern他们的糟糕状况已经成为人们关注的话题可知，关于钥匙儿童的主要观点是他们独自一人会有问题，故选B。（2）主旨题。根据

Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys可知，慢慢地，她了解到它们是房子的钥匙是第二段的主题句子，故选C。（3）细节题。根据

Fearisthebiggestproblemfacedbychildrenathomealone可知，这些孩子独自在家时的主要感觉是害怕，故选D。（4）细节题。根据Theylearnedoftheimpact（影响）workingcouplesandsingleparentswerehavingontheirchildren可知，主要研究父母在工作或只有一个父母的孩子，故选B。（5）推理题。根据It'shardtogetstatistics（统计数据）onlatchkeychildren可知，结论是很难查出有多少挂钥匙的孩子，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．阅读理解

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyouareindifferentcountries,youshouldfollowtheircustoms.

InChina,it'simpolitetotalkwheneatingdinner.Andyou'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.VeryoftenpeoplewhotraveltotheUnitedStatesforgettotip（付小费）.Itisusualtotipwaiters,taxidriversandporterswhohelpcarryyourbags.Waitersexpecttogeta15%tiponthecostofyourmeal.Taxidriversexpectaboutthesameamount.

InEngland,makesuretostandinlineevenifthereareonlytwoofyou.It'simportanttorespect（尊重）linesthere.It'sagoodideatotalkabouttheweather.It'safavoritesubjectofconversationwiththeBritish.

InSpain（西班牙）,it'sagoodideatohavealightmealintheafternoonifsomeoneinvitesyoufordinner.Peoplehavedinnerverylate,andrestaurantsdonotgenerallyopenuntilafter9:00p.m.

InSaudiArabia（沙特阿拉伯）,menkissoneanotheronthecheek.Yourhostmaywelcomeyouwithakissonbothcheeks.Itispoliteofyoutodothesame.

InJapan,peopleusuallygivepersonalorbusinesscardstoeachotherwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.Whenapersongivesyouacard,don'tputitintoyourpocket（口袋）assoonasyougetit.Thepersonexpectsyoutoreadit.

Don'tforgettobecarefulaboutyourbodylanguagetoexpresssomethinginconversations.Akindofbodylanguagethatisacceptableinoneculturemaybeimpoliteinanother.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"porters"meaninChinese？A.

搬运工

B.

水电工

C.

建筑工

D.

环卫工（2）IfyoutraveltotheUS,andyouspend$200onataxirideand$320onameal,youaresupposedtotipintotal.A.

$520

B.

$78

C.

$156

D.

$60（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A.

YouareexpectedtokissyourhostonthecheekinJapan.B.

Generally,restaurantsdon'tofferdinnerafter9:00p.m.inSpain.C.

It'simpolitetoeatfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetableinChina.D.

Youdon'tneedtostandinlineiftherearetwopeoplewaitingforabusinEngland.（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A.

Wheretotravel.B.

Howtotipindifferentcountries.C.

Whentousebodylanguage.D.

Customsindifferentcountries.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循他们的习俗。（1）词义猜测题。根据whohelpcarryyourbags帮你搬东西的人可知，porters是搬运工的意思，故选A。（2）细节题。根据服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额可知，如果你去美国旅行，坐出租车花200美元，吃饭花320美元，你应该总共付小费是（200+320）*20%=78美元，故选B。（3）推理题。根据you'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable如果餐桌上有老年人，你不应该先吃饭可知，如果中国的餐桌上有老年人，先吃饭是不礼貌的正确，故选C。（4）细节题。根据本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循他们的习俗可知，文章主要讲述不同国家的风俗，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。9．阅读理解

Inyourschool,areyouallowedtochoosethesubjectsyouwanttolearn?Ofcourse,theansweris"No"hereinChina.

InAmericathereisaschooltryingsomethingnew.AtahighschoolinFlorida,studentswillbeabletochoosetheirownclasses.Weallknowthatsomestudentsarebetteratsomesubjectsthanothers.Somestudentsplantogoontocollege,whileothersdonot.Atthisschoolstudentsareabletofindsubjectstheyareinterestedin,andpossiblyevenfindthefield（领域）theywouldliketogointoafterfinishingschool.Theyareallowedtochooseasubjectlikebiology,math,aforeignlanguage,orstudyskillslikecarrepair（修理）.

Somepeoplethinkthisisagoodidea,becauseithelpsstudentsthinkaboutwhattheywanttodointhefuture,andtheschoolhelpstogivethemtheknowledgeandskillsneededtogetthere.Theysaythatgivingthestudentsthechancetochoosetheirownclassesmakeshighschoolmoreinteresting.Othersdisagree.Theythinkitwillmakeitdifficultforstudentstodiscoverdifferentpossibilities（潜力）.Theypointoutthatfourteen-year-oldteenagersaretooyoungtoknowwhattheywanttodointhefuture.

Whatdoyouthink?Wouldyouliketobeabletochooseyourownclasses?Manyusefulchangeshavebeenmadeineducation,butseeingthedifferencesineachstudentisalsoimportant.Howcanwehelpeachstudentbecomeabetterstudent?（1）Somepeoplethinkallowingstudentstochoosetheirownclasseshelpsthem_________.A.

showhowsmarttheyareB.

knowdifferencesbetweenthemC.

preparefortheirfuturesD.

knowtheirdutiesinlife（2）Somepeopledon'tagreestudentsshouldchoosetheirownclassesbecausetheythink_________.A.

somestudentsaretoonervoustomakearightdecisionB.

somestudentsshouldn'tbeworkersinthefutu