中考英语常用短语

中考英语常用短语中考英语的考查中，短语的灵活运用贯穿于完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达等核心题型。扎实掌握核心短语，不仅能提升文本理解的精准度，更能让写作表达更地道流畅。本文结合中考考纲与历年真题，按功能与结构分类梳理常用短语，附实用例句与记忆建议，为考生构建清晰的短语知识体系。一、核心动词短语：动作与状态的精准表达动词短语是中考考查的重点，需关注“一词多义”“短语活用”的特点（如完形填空中的“同根短语辨析”）。1.“put”系列短语puton：①（穿衣）Sheputonhercoatandrushedout.②（上演）Theschoolwillputonaplayabouttraditionalculture.③（增加）He’sputtingonweightaftertheholiday.putoff：推迟Don’tputoffyourhomeworktillthelastminute.putup：①张贴Putupthenoticeonthebulletinboard.②搭建Theyputupatentbytheriver.③提供（住宿）Wecanputyouupforthenight.putaway：收起Putawayyourtoysbeforedinner.2.“take”系列短语takeoff：①（飞机）起飞Theplanewilltakeoffat8:30.②（脱掉）Takeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringthelab.③（事业）腾飞Hiscareertookoffafterwinningtheaward.takeup：①开始从事Hetookuppaintingtorelax.②占据（时间/空间）Thenewdesktakesuptoomuchspace.takein：①吸收Plantstakeincarbondioxide.②理解Ican’ttakeinallthisinformationatonce.③欺骗Don’tbetakeninbyhislies.takeover：接管Shetookoverthefamilybusinessaftergraduation.3.“look”系列短语lookup：①（字典）查阅Lookupthewordinyourdictionary.②向上看Shelookedupandsawashootingstar.lookthrough：浏览Lookthroughthemagazinetofindthearticle.lookforwardto：期待（后接动名词）We’relookingforwardtomeetingyou.二、介词与介词短语：语境中的逻辑连接介词短语常考查“固定搭配+语境理解”，需关注介词的隐含逻辑（如时间、方位、原因）。1.表时间的介词短语intime：及时Wearrivedintimefortheconcert.ontime：按时Thetrainleavesontime.attimes：有时Attimes,Ifeellonelyinthisnewcity.fromtimetotime：偶尔Hevisitshisgrandparentsfromtimetotime.2.表方位的介词短语infrontof：在…（外部）前面There’satreeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof：在…（内部）前面Shesatinthefrontofthebus.atthebackof：在…（内部）后面Theteacherstoodatthebackoftheroom.nextto：紧邻Thecaféisnexttothebookstore.3.表原因/目的的介词短语becauseof：因为（后接名词/短语）Hewaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.inorderto：为了（后接动词原形）Shestudieshardinordertopasstheexam.soasto：为了（后接动词原形，不用于句首）Heleftearlysoastocatchthebus.三、形容词与名词短语：描述与概念的生动表达这类短语常出现在完形填空的“语境匹配”与写作的“细节描写”中。1.形容词短语beinterestedin：对…感兴趣Moststudentsareinterestedinthenewsciencemuseum.begoodat：擅长He’sgoodatplayingtheguitar.beafraidof：害怕Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakesinspeaking.beproudof：为…自豪Parentsareproudoftheirchildren’sprogress.2.名词短语apieceof：一片/张/块…apieceofbread/paper/advicealotof/lotsof：许多（可数/不可数）Therearealotofbooksinthelibrary.introuble：处于困境Hehelpedtheboyintrouble.inperson：亲自Youshouldmeettheteacherinperson.四、高频固定搭配：真题中的“得分密码”结合近五年中考真题，提炼出高频率考查的固定搭配，需重点记忆。1.动词+介词/副词dealwith：处理Howdoyoudealwithstress?careabout：关心Hedoesn’tcareaboutothers’opinions.dependon：依赖Childrenshouldn’tdependonparentstoomuch.makeup：①编造Don’tmakeupstories.②组成Girlsmakeup60%oftheclass.2.介词+名词infact：事实上Infact,heisakindperson.onduty：值日Who’sondutytoday?atlast：最后Atlast,theysolvedtheproblem.bymistake：错误地Itookherbookbymistake.3.其他固定结构It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.：It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.（for表事物属性）It’skindofyoutohelpme.（of表人的品质）spend...(in)doing/onsth.：Shespendsanhour(in)readingeveryday.Hespent50yuanonthebook.not...until...：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil11:00lastnight.记忆与运用建议1.场景化记忆：将短语融入生活场景（如“puton”联想“早上穿校服”，“lookforwardto”联想“期待周末旅行”），增强画面感。2.真题溯源：整理历年真题中出现的短语，标注考查题型（完形/阅读/写作），明确考查角度（词义辨析/固定搭配）。3.仿写句子：针对