八年级动名词语法重点及练习题

八年级动名词语法重点及练习题一、语法知识精讲（一）动名词的定义与构成动名词由动词原形+ing构成，兼具动词和名词的语法特征：既保留动词“带宾语/状语”的功能（如*readingbooks*中*books*是*reading*的宾语），又能像名词一样在句中作主语、宾语等成分。例：*Running*everymorningmakesmeenergetic.（*running*作主语体现名词功能；*everymorning*作其状语体现动词功能）（二）动名词的句法功能1.作主语动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，常表示抽象、习惯性的行为：直接作主语：*Swimming*ismyfavoritesport.用*it*作形式主语（避免句子头重脚轻）：*It*isnouse*crying*overspiltmilk.2.作宾语动名词可作及物动词或介词的宾语，需注意搭配习惯：及物动词后接动名词（八年级常考动词：*enjoy,finish,mind,practice,suggest,keep,avoid,consider*等）：例：I*enjoy**listening*toEnglishsongs.（*enjoy*后接动名词作宾语）（误区：勿与“*wanttodo*”“*decidetodo*”等不定式结构混淆，需牢记固定搭配）介词后接动名词（常考介词/短语：*at,in,on,of,about,for,without,begoodat,lookforwardto,insteadof,beinterestedin*等）：例：Sheisgood*at**drawing*cartoons.（*at*是介词，后接动名词）（易错点：*lookforwardto*中*to*是介词，需接动名词，如*I’mlookingforwardto*meeting*you.*）3.作表语动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容或性质，与主语（多为名词）构成“等同关系”：例：Mydailytaskis*cleaning*theclassroom.（表语*cleaning*说明主语*task*的具体内容）4.作定语动名词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词前，说明被修饰词的用途/功能（区别于现在分词作定语表“主动/进行”）：例：a*swimming*pool（游泳池，表“用于游泳的池子”）；a*sleeping*car（卧铺车厢，表“用于睡觉的车厢”）（三）常见固定搭配（八年级核心考点）1.动词+动名词（需牢记的高频动词）：*enjoydoing*（喜欢做）；*finishdoing*（完成做）；*minddoing*（介意做）*practicedoing*（练习做）；*keepdoing*（持续做）；*avoiddoing*（避免做）*suggestdoing*（建议做）；*considerdoing*（考虑做）2.介词/介词短语+动名词：*begoodatdoing*（擅长做）；*lookforwardtodoing*（期待做）*insteadofdoing*（代替做）；*beinterestedindoing*（对…感兴趣）*withoutdoing*（没有做）；*spend…(in)doing*（花费…做）3.特殊结构：*can’thelpdoing*（忍不住做）；*havedifficulty(in)doing*（做…有困难）二、典型题型突破（一）动词后“动名词vs.不定式”辨析考题特征：选项同时出现动名词和不定式，需判断动词的固定搭配。例：Weshouldpractice______(speak)Englisheveryday.（答案：*speaking*，因*practice*后接动名词）解题技巧：牢记“后接动名词”的动词（如*enjoy,finish*等），其余动词（如*want,decide,hope*等）后接不定式。（二）介词后接动名词的考查考题特征：介词（或介词短语）后需填动词的适当形式。例：Heisinterestedin______(play)basketball.（答案：*playing*，因*in*是介词）易错点：*to*作介词时（如*lookforwardto*），需接动名词；作不定式符号时（如*wantto*），接动词原形。需结合短语含义判断。（三）动名词作主语的主谓一致考题特征：动名词作主语，考查谓语动词的单复数。例：______(read)aloudisagoodwaytoimprovepronunciation.（答案：*Reading*，谓语用单数*is*）三、实战巩固练习（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Ienjoy______(listen)tolightmusic.2.Wefinished______(do)ourhomeworkat9p.m.3.Wouldyoumind______(open)thewindow?4.Sheisgoodat______(dance).5.Helooksforwardto______(see)hispenpal.（二）单项选择1.—Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?—Iusuallypractice______theguitar.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played2.Myhobbyis______stamps.A.collectB.collectsC.collectingD.tocollect3.Weshouldavoid______mistakesinourhomework.A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.made4.Shespenttwohours______herroomyesterday.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned5.—Doyoumind______here?—Sorry,I’llgosomewhereelse.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked（三）句型转换（按要求改写句子）1.“Ilikedrawingpictures.”Shesaid.（合并为含宾语从句的句子）Shesaidthatshe____________pictures.2.Heisinterestedinplayingfootball.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：*playingfootball*）Whatisheinterested____________?3.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.（改为同义句）____________important____________Englishwell.四、答案与解析（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.*listening*（考点：*enjoydoing*固定搭配）2.*doing*（考点：*finishdoing*固定搭配）3.*opening*（考点：*minddoing*固定搭配）4.*dancing*（考点：*begoodatdoing*固定搭配）5.*seeing*（考点：*lookforwardtodoing*固定搭配，*to*为介词）（二）单项选择1.C（考点：*practicedoing*，故选*playing*）2.C（考点：动名词作表语，说明主语*hobby*的内容，故选*collecting*）3.C（考点：*avoiddoing*，故选*making*）4.C（考点：*spend…(in)doing*，故选*cleaning*）5.B（考点：*minddoing*，故选*smoking*）（三）句型转换1.*likeddrawing*（考点：宾语从句中，主句*said*为过去时，从句动词*like*需变为过去式*liked*；*like*后接动名词*dr