直接引语转间接引语专项练习题集

直接引语转间接引语专项练习题集在英语语法体系中，直接引语与间接引语的转换是“转述类表达”的核心考点，它要求学习者精准把握时态呼应、人称调整、句式重构等多重规则。这份练习题集围绕“单句转换→复合结构→综合场景”三个层级设计，既覆盖基础规则的实操训练，也包含复杂语境下的灵活应用，适合初中高年级至高中阶段的学习者巩固语法逻辑，同时为英语爱好者提供系统化的训练素材。一、核心规则快速梳理（转换的“核心逻辑”）直接引语转间接引语的本质是“语境重构”：将他人的原话（直接引语）转化为说话者的转述（间接引语），需同步调整四要素：1.时态呼应主句为过去时态（如*said/told*）时，从句时态需“倒推”：一般现在→一般过去（e.g.*“Iknowit.”*→Hesaidheknewit.）现在进行→过去进行（e.g.*“I’mworking.”*→Shesaidshewasworking.)现在完成→过去完成（e.g.*“Ihavefinished.”*→Hesaidhehadfinished.)（特例）若直接引语为客观真理、永恒事实，时态可保留现在时（e.g.*“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”*→Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.）2.人称调整遵循“一随主，二随宾，三不变”：第一人称（*I/we*）随主句主语（e.g.*“Icanhelpyou.”*→Shesaidshecouldhelpme.）第二人称（*you*）随主句宾语（e.g.*“Youshouldstudyhard.”*→HetoldmeIshouldstudyhard.）第三人称（*he/she/they*等）保持不变（e.g.*“Heislate.”*→Shesaidhewaslate.）3.状语/指示词转换时间：*now*→*then*；*today*→*thatday*；*tomorrow*→*thenextday*；*yesterday*→*thedaybefore*地点：*here*→*there*；*this*→*that*；*these*→*those*4.句式重构陈述句：加*that*引导（*that*可省略），e.g.*“IloveEnglish.”*→Hesaid(that)helovedEnglish.一般疑问句：变*if/whether*引导的宾语从句，e.g.*“Doyoulikemusic?”*→SheaskedifIlikedmusic.特殊疑问句：保留疑问词引导从句，e.g.*“What’syourname?”*→Heaskedwhatmynamewas.祈使句：变*“ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.”*（否定式加*not*），e.g.*“Bequiet!”*→Theteachertoldustobequiet.感叹句：变*that*引导的从句，调整语气词（e.g.*“Howbeautifulitis!”*→Shesaidthatitwasverybeautiful.）二、分阶练习题集（从基础到综合）▶基础层·单句转换（时态+人称+指示词）练习1：将下列直接引语转为间接引语（主句均为*“sb.said/told...”*）1.*“Iamhungry,”*Lilysaid.2.*“Wewillgototheparktomorrow,”*theytoldme.3.*“Shehasfinishedherhomework,”*Tomsaid.4.*“Thisbookismine,”*hesaid.5.*“IcanspeakFrench,”*MarytoldJohn.解析1：1.Lilysaid(that)shewashungry.*要点：*I*→*she*（一随主）；*am*→*was*（现在→过去）*2.Theytoldme(that)theywouldgototheparkthenextday.*要点：*we*→*they*（一随主）；*tomorrow*→*thenextday*；*will*→*would*（将来→过去将来）*3.Tomsaid(that)shehadfinishedherhomework.*要点：*has*→*had*（现在完成→过去完成）；*she*（第三人称）不变*4.Hesaid(that)thatbookwashis.*要点：*this*→*that*；*mine*→*his*（物主代词随人称调整）*5.MarytoldJohn(that)shecouldspeakFrench.*要点：*I*→*she*（一随主）；*can*→*could*（现在→过去）*▶进阶层·句式转换（疑问句+祈使句+感叹句）练习2：按要求转换句式1.一般疑问句：*“Doyoulivehere?”*Jackaskedme.（转间接引语）2.特殊疑问句：*“Wheredidyougoyesterday?”*Momaskedme.（转间接引语）3.祈使句：*“Don’ttouchthemachine,”*theworkersaidtothestudents.（转间接引语）4.感叹句：*“Whatalovelydogitis!”*shesaid.（转间接引语）解析2：1.Jackaskedmeif/whetherIlivedthere.*要点：一般疑问句→*if/whether*引导；*you*→*I*（二随宾，*me*是宾语）；*here*→*there*；*do*时态呼应（*live*从一般现在→一般过去）*2.MomaskedmewhereIhadgonethedaybefore.*要点：特殊疑问句→*where*引导；*you*→*I*（二随宾）；*did*时态呼应（*go*从一般过去→过去完成）；*yesterday*→*thedaybefore*3.Theworkertoldthestudentsnottotouchthemachine.*要点：祈使句否定式→*tellsb.nottodo*；*don’ttouch*→*nottotouch*4.Shesaidthatitwasaverylovelydog.*要点：感叹句→*that*引导，*whata...*→*avery...*调整语气词*▶综合层·语境化转换（多规则叠加）练习3：根据语境完成间接引语转换（主句已给出，需补全从句）1.Theteachersaidtous,*“Youshouldreviewyourlessonseveryday.”*→Theteachertoldusthat______shouldreview______lessons______day.2.Myfriendaskedme,*“Haveyouseenthenewmovie?”*→Myfriendaskedmeif____________seenthenewmovie.→Thelittlegirlsaidthat______would____________again__________________.4.Themanagerordered,*“AllworkersmustfinishthetaskbyFriday.”*→Themanagerorderedthatallworkers____________thetaskbyFriday.解析3：1.we；our；every*要点：*you*→*we*（二随宾，*us*是宾语）；*your*→*our*；*everyday*为习惯动作，时态不变*2.I；had*要点：*you*→*I*（二随宾）；*have*→*had*（现在完成→过去完成）*3.she；go；there；the；next；day4.hadtofinish*要点：*must*（现在）→*hadto*（过去）；*byFriday*为截止时间，时态呼应后保留*三、总结：转换的“校验清单”完成转换后，可通过以下维度自检：1.时态链：主句时态→从句时态是否“倒推”（真理/习惯除外）？2.人称环：*I/we/you*是否随“主/宾”调整？*he/she/they*是