《智能传感器装调与测试（双语）》课件-10.超声波雷达工作原理及应用

超声波雷达的工作原理及应用WorkingPrincipleandApplicationofUltrasonicRadar超声波雷达是汽车驻车或者倒车时的安全辅助装置UltrasonicradarisasafetyauxiliarydeviceforparkingorreversingacarPART01超声波雷达的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofUltrasonicRadar超声波雷达的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofUltrasonicRadar蝙蝠是利用超声波(频率高于20000Hz的声波)在夜间导航的。它的喉头发出一种超过人耳听阈的高频声波，这种声波沿着直线传播，一旦碰到物体就迅速返回来，它们用耳朵接收了这种返回来的超声波，使它们能够做出准确的判断，引导它们飞行。Batsuseultrasound(soundwaveswithafrequencyhigherthan20,000Hz)tonavigateatnight.Itslarynxemitsahigh-frequencysoundwavethatexceedsthehearingthresholdofthehumanear.Thissoundwavepropagatesinastraightlineandreturnsquicklyonceithitsanobject.Theyreceivethisreturningultrasonicwavewiththeirears,allowingthemtomakeaccuratejudgmentsandguidethemtofly.超声波雷达的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofUltrasonicRadar超声波测距原理Principleofultrasonicranging▶超声波发射端TX发射具有一定频率的短促的超声波信号，同时启动时钟计数器，直到接收端RX收到障碍物发射的机械回波信号，并转换为相应的电信号。TheultrasonictransmittingendTXtransmitsashortultrasonicsignalwithacertainfrequency,andstartstheclockcounteratthesametimeuntilthereceivingendRXreceivesthemechanicalechosignaltransmittedbytheobstacleandconvertsitintoacorrespondingelectricalsignal.此时放大接收电路会将电信号放大，控制器会识别该信号，同时时钟计数器停止计数，读出计数器数值即可得到回波时间，从而计算出障碍物到雷达的距离。Atthistime,theamplificationreceivingcircuitwillamplifytheelectricalsignal,andthecontrollerwillrecognizethesignal.Atthesametime,theclockcounterstopscounting.Theechotimecanbeobtainedbyreadingthecountervalue,therebycalculatingthedistancefromtheobstacletotheradar.超声波在空气中的传播速度为C=340m/s，根据计时器记录的时间T秒，就可以计算出发射点距障碍物的距离L，即：L=C×T/2。这就是所谓的时间差测距法。ThepropagationspeedofultrasonicwavesintheairisC=340m/s.AccordingtothetimeTsecondsrecordedbythetimer,thedistanceLbetweentheemissionpointandtheobstaclecanbecalculated,thatis:L=C×T/2.Thisiscalledthetimedifferencerangingmethod.超声波雷达的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofUltrasonicRadarPART02超声波雷达在智能网联汽车上的应用ApplicationofUltrasonicRadarinIntelligentConnectedVehicles超声波雷达在智能网联汽车上的应用ApplicationofUltrasonicRadarinIntelligentConnectedVehiclesUPA超声波雷达UPAultrasonicradarAPA超声波雷达APAultrasonicradar超声波雷达在智能网联汽车上的应用ApplicationofUltrasonicRadarinIntelligentConnectedVehiclesUPA超声波雷达UPAultrasonicradarUPA超声波雷达UPAultrasonicradar安装在汽车前后保险杠上的，也就是用于测量汽车前后障碍物的倒车雷达，这种雷达业内称为UPA；Thereversingradarinstalledonthefrontandrearbumpersofanvehicleisusedtomeasureobstaclesinfrontandbehindthevehicle.ThisradariscalledUPAintheindustryUPA是一种短程超声波雷达，UPA超声波雷达的探测距离一般在15~250cm之间，主要用于测量汽车前后方的障碍物。UPAisashort-rangeultrasonicradar.ThedetectionrangeofUPAultrasonicradarisgenerallybetween15and250cm.Itismainlyusedtomeasureobstaclesinfrontandbehindthevehicle.超声波雷达在智能网联汽车上的应用ApplicationofUltrasonicRadarinIntelligentConnectedVehiclesAPA超声波雷达APAultrasonicradar安装在汽车侧面的，用于测量侧方障碍物距离的超声波雷达，业内称为APA。TheultrasonicradarinstalledonthesideofanvehicletomeasurethedistancefromsideobstaclesiscalledAPAintheindustry.APA是一种远程超声波雷达，超声波雷达的探测距离一般在30~500cm之间。APA的探测范围更远，因此相比于UPA成本更高，功率也更大，但测距误差较大。APAisalong-rangeultrasonicradar,andthedetectionrangeofultrasonicradarisgenerallybetween30and500cm.APAhasawiderdetectionrange,soitismoreexpensiveandpowerfulthanUPA,buttherangingerrorislarger.APA超声波雷达APAultrasonicradar超声波雷达在智能网联汽车上的应用ApplicationofUltrasonicRadarinIntelligentConnectedVehicles停车辅助

Parkingassist倒车雷达

Reversingradar自动泊车

Automaticparking自动泊车

Automaticparking超声波雷达是汽车最常用的一种传感器，可以通过接收到反射后的超声波探知周围的障碍物情况，消除了驾驶员停车泊车、倒车和启动车辆时前、后、左、右探视带来的麻烦，帮助驾驶员消除盲点和实现模糊缺陷。Ultrasonicradaristhemostcommonlyusedsensorinvehicles.Itcandetectobstaclesarounditbyreceivingreflectedultrasonicwaves,eliminatingthetroublecausedbythedriver'sfront,rear,leftandrightviewwhenparking,reversingandstartingthevehicle,helpingthedrivereliminateblindspotsandblurredvision.在智能网联汽车上，超声波雷达被广泛应用于倒车辅助系统和自动泊车系统中Inintelligentconnectedvehicles,ultrasonicradariswidelyusedinreversingassistsystemandautomaticparkingsystem.倒车雷达/停车辅助Reversingradar/parkingassist自动泊车Automaticparking读取准备与协议配置Readpreparationandprotocolconfiguration倒车雷达垂直方向盲区Verticalblindspotofreversingradar倒车雷达水平方向盲区Horizontalblindspotofreversingradar倒车雷达盲区Blindspotofreversingradar从地面到探头正下方10至15厘米的物体，雷达难以发现，这个高度正好与3岁以下幼童蹲在地上玩耍时的身高相当。Objectsfromthegroundto10–15cmdirectlybelowtheprobearedifficultforradartodetect,andthisheightisexactlythesameastheheightofachildunder3yearsoldsquattingonthegroundplaying.每个探头发出的超声波都有一定的范围，因此两个探头之间的位置，也会形成盲区Theultrasonicwaveemittedbyeachprobehasacertainrange,sothepositionbetweenthetwoprobeswillalsohaveablindspot.本讲小结SummaryofThisLecture▶随着自动驾驶技术的快速发展，汽车辅助驾驶系统已逐渐成为现代汽车的标准配置，超声波雷达作为一种兼具低成本和高可靠性的传感器，在汽车领域得到了广泛的应用，尤其在倒车辅助、自动泊车及盲区检测等关键场景中发挥了不可替代的作用。Withtherapiddevelopmentofautonomousdrivingtechnology,vehicleassistantdrivingsystemshavegraduallybecomeas