《智能传感器装调与测试（双语）》课件-19.ISO 19206 激光雷达测试标准

ISO19206激光雷达测试标准ISO19206LiDARTestStandard装车标准Loadingstandard激光雷达是自动驾驶安全的第一道闸LiDARisthePrimarySafeguardtoAutonomousDrivingSafetyISO19206《道路车辆激光雷达测试方法》ISO19206Roadvehicles–TestmethodforautomotiveLiDARISO19206统一测试语言的价值TheValueofISO19206UnifiedTestLanguage标准的核心价值CorevaluesofthestandardISO19206标准ISO19206standards环境适应性测试Environmentaladaptabilitytest性能评估方法PerformanceevaluationmethodISO19206的制定主体与适用范围TheDevelopingBodyandScopeofApplicationofISO19206制定主体

DevelopingbodyISO19206由国际标准化组织联合全球主流车企、零部件供应商及测试机构共同起草，具有广泛的行业代表性和权威性。ISO19206wasjointlydraftedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationandmajorglobalautomakers,partssuppliersandtestingagencies.Itiswidelyrepresentativeandauthoritativeintheindustry.▶适用范围该标准专门针对道路车辆用激光雷达，覆盖从原型研发、设计验证（DV）、生产验证（PV）到售后复测的全生命周期，适用于机械式、半固态和纯固态激光雷达。Scopeofapplication：ThisstandardisspecificallyaimedatLiDARforroadvehicles,coveringtheentirelifecyclefromprototypedevelopment,designverification(DV),productionverification(PV)toafter-salesretesting,andisapplicabletomechanical,semi-solid-stateandpurelysolid-stateLiDAR.标准如何量化激光雷达性能HowDoestheStandardQuantifyLiDARPerformance量化性能指标

Quantitativeperformanceindicators通过量化指标，ISO19206消除了供应商与采购方之间的信息鸿沟，使得车企在标书中可以直接对比不同品牌的产品，显著缩短选型周期，降低二次验证成本。Throughquantitativeindicators,ISO19206eliminatestheinformationgapbetweensuppliersandpurchasers,allowingautomakerstodirectlycompareproductsofdifferentbrandsintheirbids,significantlyshorteningtheselectioncycleandreducingthecostofsecondaryverification.降低信息鸿沟

Reducetheinformationgap标准将激光雷达性能拆解为探测能力、测距能力、角度能力三大维度，每个维度均给出了详细的测试条件、设备精度、合格阈值和统计方法，确保测试结果的可重复性和可比性。ThestandardbreaksdowntheperformanceofLiDARintothreedimensions:detectioncapability,rangingcapabilityandanglecapability.Eachdimensiongivesdetailedtestconditions,equipmentprecision,qualificationthresholdandstatisticalmethodstoensuretherepeatabilityandcomparabilityoftestresults.PART02环境适应性测试全景PanoramaofEnvironmentalAdaptabilityTest极端温度下的稳定性验证StabilityVerificationatExtremeTemperatures高温测试Hightemperaturetest高温测试要求激光雷达在85℃环境中持续工作24小时，确保在高温条件下探测精度不下降、数据采集无中断。测试允许使用温箱循环，但需记录升温速率与保持时间，以保证不同实验室数据的一致性。ThehightemperaturetestrequirestheLiDARtoworkcontinuouslyfor24hoursinan85°Cenvironmenttoensurethatthedetectionprecisiondoesnotdecreaseanddatacollectionisuninterruptedunderhightemperatureconditions.Thetestallowstheuseofincubatorcycles,buttheheatingrateandholdingtimemustberecordedtoensuretheconsistencyofdatafromdifferentlaboratories.低温测试Lowtemperaturetest低温测试要求激光雷达在-40℃环境下冷启动后4小时内探测精度不下降、数据采集无中断。该测试可提前暴露芯片热漂移、光路热胀冷缩导致的测距误差，为散热设计提供边界条件。ThelowtemperaturetestrequiresthatthedetectionprecisionoftheLiDARdoesnotdecreaseanddataacquisitionisuninterruptedwithin4hoursaftercoldstartat-40°C.Thistestcanexposetherangingerrorcausedbychipthermaldriftandopticalpaththermalexpansionandcontractioninadvance,providingboundaryconditionsforheatdissipationdesign.湿度与防水双考验DoubleTestofHumidityandWaterproofing湿度测试Humiditytest湿度测试在40℃、90%-95%相对湿度条件下持续48小时，模拟南方夏季车内凝露场景。测试后要求激光雷达内部无可见进水，核心指标探测距离衰减不超过7%。Thehumiditytestlastedfor48hoursat40°Cand90%-95%relativehumidity,simulatingthecondensationsceneinthevehicleinsummerinsouthernChina.Afterthetest,itisrequiredthatthereisnovisiblewaterinflowinsidetheLiDAR,andthecoreindicatordetectiondistanceattenuationdoesnotexceed7%.防水测试Waterproofingtest防水测试按照IPX7标准执行，要求激光雷达在1米水深中浸泡30分钟。测试后同样要求内部无进水，确保在洗车、涉水、暴雨等场景下仍能维持功能。ThewaterproofingtestiscarriedoutinaccordancewiththeIPX7standard,requiringtheLiDARtobeimmersedin1meterofwaterfor30minutes.Afterthetest,itisalsorequiredthatthereisnowateringresstoensurethatthefunctioncanstillbemaintainedinscenariossuchasvehiclewashing,wading,andheavyrain.振动冲击下的机械完整性MechanicalIntegrityUnderVibrationandShock振动测试

Vibrationtest振动测试覆盖10Hz-2000Hz的宽带频率，加速度范围为5g-20g，每个轴向持续2-8小时。测试后要求激光雷达外壳无裂纹、光窗无松动、数据采集无丢帧。Thevibrationtestcoversabroadbandfrequencyof10Hz-2000Hz,withanaccelerationrangeof5g-20gandlasting2-8hoursineachaxis.Afterthetest,itisrequiredthattheLiDARhousingbefreeofcracks,theopticalwindowshallnotbeloose,andthereshallbenoframelossduringdataacquisition.冲击测试

Impacttest冲击测试施加50g-100g的瞬时加速度，持续时间2ms-11ms，每个轴向正负各三次。该测试可提前发现结构共振点与焊点疲劳隐患，确保机械完整性。Theimpacttestappliesaninstantaneousaccelerationof50g-100gforadurationof2ms-11ms,threetimesineachaxispositiveandnegative.Thistestcandetectstructuralresonancepointsandweldfatiguehazardsinadvancetoensuremechanicalintegrity.强光干扰中的信噪比底线TheBottomLineofSignal-to-noiseRatioinStrongLightInterference光学干扰测试使用100000lux的金卤灯模拟正午阳光斜射，要求在高反射率目标探测距离衰减不超过10%，低反射率目标衰减不超过15%，且不得出现空识别。该测试验证信号处理算法对背景光的抑制能力，降低午后阳光导致的误识别概率。Theopticalinterferencetestusesa100,000luxmetalhalidelamptosimulatetheobliquesunlightatnoon.Itisrequiredthattheattenuationofhigh-reflectivitytargetsdoesnotexceed10%atthedetectiondistance,andtheattenuationoflow-reflectivitytargetsdoesnotexceed15%,andnoemptyrecognitionshalloccur.Thistestverifiesthesignalprocessingalgorithm'sabilitytosuppressbackgroundlightandreducetheprobabilityoffalserecognitioncausedbyafternoonsunlight.-光学干扰测试-OpticalinterferencetestPART03性能评估的量化刻度QuantitativeScaleforPerformanceEvaluation探测距离与成功率的双重门槛TheDoubleThresholdofDetectionDistanceandSuccessRate最大探测距离Maximumdetectionrange最大探测距离试验在23℃±5℃、无干扰的标准环境下进行，使用直径1米、反射率50%的朗伯体目标。要求至少9次成功识别出120米距离，确保远距预警能力。Themaximumdetectionrangetestiscarriedoutinastandardenvironmentof23°C±5°Cwithoutinterference,usingaLambertiantargetwithadiameterof1meterandareflectivityof50%.Itisrequiredtosuccessfullyidentifythe120-meterdistanceatleast9timestoensurelong-rangewarningcapabilities.最小探测距离Minimumdetectionrange最小探测距离要求不超过0.5米，用于覆盖拥堵跟车、泊车等近场场景，确保激光雷达在近距离目标探测时的可靠性。Theminimumdetectionrangeisrequiredtobenomorethan0.5meters,whichisusedtocovernear-fieldscenariossuchasfollowingvehiclesincongestionandparking,ensuringthereliabilityofLiDARwhendetectingclose-rangetargets.测距精度与分辨率如何判定HowtoDetermineRangingAccuracyandResolution测距精度Rangingaccuracy测距精度规定50米内误差不超过±0.1米，100米内不超过±0.3米。标准对目标表面反射均匀性、激光入射角、统计帧数均有细化要求，确保不同品牌实验室获得可复现的误差分布曲线。Therangingaccuracystipulatesthattheerrorshallnotexceed±0.1meterswithin50metersand±0.3meterswithin100meters.Thestandardhasdetailedrequirementsfortheuniformityoftargetsurfacereflection,laserincidentangle,andstatisticalframenumbertoensurethatlaboratoriesofdifferentbrandsobtainreproducibleerrordistributioncurves.测距分辨率Rangingresolution测距分辨率试验在30米处放置两个直径1米、间距1.5米的目标，要求必须被识别为独立物体而非融合。该指标直接影响激光雷达在复杂场景下的目标区分能力。Therangingresolutiontestplacestwotargetswithadiameterof1meterandaspacingof1.5metersat30meters,requiringthemtobeidentifiedasindependentobjectsratherthanmerged.ThisindicatordirectlyaffectsthetargetdiscriminationabilityofLiDARincomplexscenarios.角度精度与分辨率双指标DualIndicatorsofAnglePrecisionandResolution角度精度

Angleprecision角度分辨率试验在水平方向布置相邻角度差≥0.3°的两个目标，要求必须被区分且无漏检。该指标直接影响车道线、护栏、相邻车辆的横向位置判断，是L3及以上功能安全的关键输入。Intheangularresolutiontest,twotargetswithanadjacentangledifferenceof≥0.3°arearrangedinthehorizontaldirection.Theymustbedistinguishedandnomisseddetectionisrequired.Thisindicatordirectlyaffectsthelateralpositionjudgmentoflanelines,guardrailsandadjacentvehicles,andisakeyinputforL3andabovefunctionalsafety.角度分辨率

Angularresolution角度精度要求水平误差不超过±0.1°，垂直误差不超过±0.2°。标准规定转台角度反馈精度需≤0.02°，测试距离需≥20米，以降低人为误差。Theangleprecisionrequiresthatthehorizontalerrordoesnotexceed±0.1°andtheverticalerrordoesnotexceed±0.2°.Thestandardstipulatesthattheturntableanglefeedbackprecisionmustbe≤0.02°andthetestdistancemustbe≥20meterstoreducehumanerrors.标准环境与非标准环境声明StandardEnvironmentalandNon-standardEnvironmentalStatement所有性能试验默认在温度23℃±5℃、湿度45%-65%、无振动、无光学干扰的标准实验室进行。若因特殊需求改为高低温、高湿或背景光环境，必须完整记录偏离参数并附加不确定度分析，确保数据可追溯。Allperformancetestsarecarriedoutinastandardlaboratorywithatemperatureof23°C±5°C,humidityof45%-65%,novibrationandnoopticalinterferencebydefault.Ifitischangedtohighandlowtemperature,highhumidityorbackgroundlightenvironmentduetospecialneeds,thedeviationparametersmustbefullyrecordedanduncertaintyanalysismustbeattachedtoensuredatatraceability.-环境声明-EnvironmentalstatementPART04标准落地价值与后续行动StandardImplementationValueandFollow-upActions标准带来的三方收益TripartiteBenefitsfromStandards对车企的价值

Valuetoautomakers对车企而言，ISO19206成为激光雷达选型的最低门槛与验证依据，可直接写入SOR，减少重复DV试验，显著缩短选型周期，降低验证成本。Forautomakers,ISO19206hasbecometheminimumthresholdandverificationbasisforLiDARselection.ItcanbedirectlywrittenintoSOR,reducingrepeatedDVtests,significantlyshorteningtheselectioncycle,andreducingverificationcosts.对测试工程师的价值

Valuetotestengineers对测试工程师来说，标准提供了可复制的设备清单、布置图和统计方法，缩短了测试方案开发周期，提高了测试效率和准确性。Fortestengineers,thestandardprovidesreplicableequipmentlists,layoutdrawingsandstatisticalmethods,shorteningthetestplandeve