《智能传感器装调与测试（双语）》课件-20.超声波雷达盲区形成原因

超声波雷达盲区形成原因CausesofUltrasonicRadarBlindSpot为什么有时超声波雷达会“看漏”近处的障碍物？Whydoesultrasonicradarsometimes"miss"nearbyobstacles?PART01工作逻辑与盲区定义WorkingLogicandBlindSpotDefinition超声波雷达工作原理与盲区定义WorkingPrincipleandBlindSpotDefinitionofUltrasonicRadar工作原理WorkingPrinciple超声波雷达通过发射换能器发出超声波，遇到障碍物后反射，接收换能器接收反射波并计算距离，实现障碍物检测。Ultrasonicradaremitsultrasonicwavesthroughatransmittingtransducer,whicharereflectedwhenencounteringobstacles.Thereceivingtransducerreceivesthereflectedwavesandcalculatesthedistancetoachieveobstacledetection.盲区定义Blindspotdefinition盲区是指雷达无法有效探测障碍物的区域，核心为近场盲区，即距离探头极近的区域，在泊车时易漏检近处路沿或小障碍物。Blindspotreferstotheareawheretheradarcannoteffectivelydetectobstacles.Thecoreisthenear-fieldblindspot,thatis,theareaveryclosetotheprobe,whichiseasytomissnearbycurbsorsmallobstaclesduringparking.PART02近场声压干扰的成因CausesofNear-fieldSoundPressureInterference近场声压干扰的产生与影响GenerationandInfluenceofNear-fieldSoundPressureInterference1.声场特性Acousticfieldcharacteristics2.干扰后果Consequencesofinterference3.形象类比Imageanalogy超声波从探头发出后，近场区域形成声压叠加区，发射换能器表面各点声波相互干涉，导致声压峰值与谷值杂乱分布。Aftertheultrasonicwaveisemittedfromtheprobe,asoundpressuresuperpositionzoneisformedinthenear-fieldarea.Thesoundwavesatvariouspointsonthesurfaceofthetransmittingtransducerinterferewitheachother,resultinginarandomdistributionofsoundpressurepeaksandvalleys.探头附近的声波乱流区使雷达自乱阵脚，干扰导致雷达在近场区域难以准确识别障碍物反射信号。Theacousticturbulencezoneneartheprobecausestheradartoloseitscomposure,andinterferencemakesitdifficultfortheradartoaccuratelyidentifyobstaclereflectionsignalsinthenear-fieldarea.接收换能器被直达发射波干扰，无法区分发射波与反射波，近处障碍物的回波被淹没，从而形成近场盲区。Thereceivingtransducerisinterferedbythedirecttransmissionwaveandcannotdistinguishbetweenthetransmissionwaveandthereflectedwave.Theechoofnearbyobstaclesissubmerged,forminganear-fieldblindspot.PART03传感器尺寸的关键影响KeyImpactofSensorSize传感器尺寸与盲区的关系RelationshipbetweenSensorSizeandBlindSpot1.大尺寸传感器

Large-sizesensor大尺寸传感器（如12mm直径）近场距离长（10-15cm），声压干扰强度大，盲区范围大，但探测距离远（1-5m），适合泊车场景。Large-sizesensors(suchas12mmdiameter)havealongnear-fielddistance(10–15cm),highsoundpressureinterferenceintensity,andalargeblindspotrange,butthedetectiondistanceisfar(1–5m),whichissuitableforparkingscenarios.2.小尺寸传感器

Small-sizesensor小尺寸传感器（如8mm直径）近场距离短（5-8cm），声压干扰弱，盲区范围小，但探测距离近（0.5-2m），适合侧方避障。Small-sizesensors(suchas8mmdiameter)haveashortnear-fielddistance(5–8cm),weaksoundpressureinterference,andasmallblindspotrange,butthedetectiondistanceisclose(0.5–2m),whichissuitableforsideobstacleavoidance.3.核心原理

Coreprinciples传感器尺寸与近场距离呈平方正比关系，尺寸越大，干涉范围越广，干扰越强，盲区也随之扩大。Thesensorsizeisproportionaltothesquareofthenear-fielddistance.Thelargerthesize,thewidertheinterferencerange,thestrongertheinterference,andthelargertheblindspot.传感器尺寸与盲区的关系RelationshipbetweenSensorSizeandBlindSpot传感器尺寸影响声压干扰的强度Sensorsizeaffectstheintensityofsoundpressureinterference大尺寸传感器的发射换能器振动面积更大，发出的超声波能量更强，近场区域的声压叠加效应更剧烈Thetransmittingtransducerofthelarge-sizesensorhasalargervibrationarea,emitsstrongerultrasonicenergy,andthesoundpressuresuperpositioneffectinthenear-fieldregionismoresevere.尺寸缩小，干涉范围集中，干扰与盲区均减小，可根据不同场景需求选择合适的传感器尺寸。Whenthesizeisreduced,theinterferencerangeisconcentrated,andbothinterferenceandblindspotsarereduced.Appropriatesensorsizecanbeselectedaccordingtodifferentscenariorequirements.超声波发射能量

Ultrasonicemissionenergy传感器尺寸与盲区的关系RelationshipbetweenSensorSizeandBlindSpot尺寸选择的工程权衡Engineeringtrade-offsinsizeselection大尺寸传感器虽然近场盲区大，但发射的声波能量强、传播距离远，适合需要探测1-5m范围的泊车雷达；小尺寸传感器盲区小，但探测距离通常只有0.5-2m，更适合侧方近距离避障。Althoughthelarge-sizesensorhasalargenear-fieldblindspot,theemittedsoundwaveenergyisstrongandthepropagationdistanceislong,whichissuitableforparkingradarsthatneedtodetectarangeof1–5m;thesmall-sizesensorhasasmallblindspot,butthedetectiondistanceisusuallyonly0.5–2m,whichismoresuitableforsideclose-rangeobstacleavoidance.超声波雷达盲区

Ultrasonicradarblindspot影响盲区的其他因素与工程选型Otherfactorsaffectingblindspotsandengineeringselection辅助因素Auxiliaryfactors声波扩散角度和障碍物特性也会影响盲区，锥形波束外的区域无法覆盖，柔软或大倾斜度物体会吸收或偏移声波，导致回波微弱。Thesoundwavediffusionangleandobstaclecharacteristicswillalsoaffecttheblindspot.Theareaoutsidetheconebeamcannotbecovered,andsoftorhighlyinclinedobjectswillabsorbordeflectthesoundwaves,resultinginweakechoes.工程权衡Engineeringtrade-offs根据场景需求选择传感器尺寸，通过多探头布局弥补单一传感器盲区，提升整体探测覆盖率与系统可靠性。Selectthesensorsizeaccordingtoscenariorequirements,makeupforth