考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷642

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷642

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Immigrationisintheheadlinesagain,withPresidentObama'sdecisionlastweektostop

deportingyoungillegalinmigrantswhocametotheUnitedStatesaschildren,andthe

SupremeCourt'sapproachingdecisionontheconstitutionalityofArizona'scrackdownon

undocumentedmigrants.Buttoomuchofthepublicdebatehasfocusedonthelegalityof

immigrationwithoutconsideringamorefundamentalquestion:Whateffectshasmass

immigrationhadonAmericansociety?Someofthemost

meticulousresearchwasdonetodateabouttheeffectsofimmigrationonacrosssection

ofAmericancommunities-urban,suburbanandrural.Thescholarswhoparticipated

wereinremarkableagreement:whilenewimmigrantsarepoorerthanthegeneral

populationandfaceconsiderablehardship,thereisnoevidencethattheyhavereshaped

thesocialfabricinharmfulways.Americaisneitherlesssafebecauseofimmigrationnor

isitworseoffeconomicaily.Infact,intheregionswhereimmigrantshavesettledinthe

pasttwodecades,crimehasgonedown,citieshavegrown,poorurbanneighborhoods

havebeenrebuilt,andsmalltownsthatwereonceonlifesupportarespringingback.

Scholarscan'tsayforsurethatimmigrationcausedthesepositivedevelopments,butwe

knowenoughtorejectthenotionthatimmigrantsworsensocialills.Scholarsfoundthat

immigrantyouthsinLosAngeleswereinvolvedinlesscrimeandviolencethantheir

native-bornpeersinsimilareconomiccircumstances.Researchalsohasshownthatan

increaseinimmigrationincitieslikeSanAntonioandMiamididnotproduceanincrease

inthehomiciderate.Furthermore,socialscientistsfoundthatpeopleinimmigrant

communitiesinNewYorkwerelesscynicalaboutthelawthanwerepeopleinless

diversecommunities;theywerealsomorelikelytoindicatethattheywouldcooperate

withthepolice.Ifmigrationhashadsuchbeneficialeffects,why,then,hastherebeen

suchapersistentbacklash?Partoftheanswersurelyliesinthesocialchange—language,

politicalattitudes,religiousmores——thatimmigrantsbring.Theleveling-offofmigration,

especiallyfromMexico,maybringasenseofrelieftoopponentsofthesesocialchanges,

butifthenewresearchisanyguide,theconsequencesoftheslowdownmaybethe

oppositeofwhatthecriticsintend.Mr.Obama'sdecisiontoexemptundocumented

childrenwhowerebroughttotheUnitedStatesbytheirparentsfromharshdeportation

rulesisanoverdue,butwelcome,firststep.Establishingaclearpathtocitizenshipfor

undocumentedadults,creatingamorepermissiveguest-workerprogram,andpreserving

familiesraiherthanseparatingthemthroughdeportationarecontroversialideas,butthey

deserveahearing.

1、Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsuggest?

A、Theimpactofimmigrationgetsinsufficientattention.

B、PresidentObamabackslegalizingundocumentedmigrants.

C>Arizona'scrackdownonmigrantsviolatestheConstitution.

D、Thelegalityofimmigrationfoundmuchpublicsupport.

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：主旨题。第一段共两句，仔细研读可知，首句介绍两项决议：一、奥

巴马总统决定停止递解年轻非法移民出境；二、最高法院即将对亚利桑那州非法移

民打压政策的合宪性做出裁决：第二句随后做出评论：公众辩论焦点在移民合法性

问题上忽视了移民给美国社会的影响问题。由此可见，移民的影响问题是作者旨在

论述的问题，A项最符合文意。

2、AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,whichofthefollowingwouldscholarsagreeon?

A、Immigrantshavereshapedthesocialfabricbeneficially.

B、Immigrantshavebeenappraisednegatively.

C、Immigrantshaveworsenedsocialills.

D、Immigrantshavepulleddowntheaveragelivingstandards.

标准答案：B

知识点解析♦：推断题。第二段末句以及第三段末句分别提及：无证据证明“移民对

社会结构进行了破坏性重塑”“移民加重社会问题''的观点是错误的。可见，学者们

所呈递的新发现与原来人们既有看法相悖，移民在此研究发现前受着负面评价，B

项符合文意，同时排除C项。

3、Whatdoestheauthormakeuseoftoshowthedesirableeffectsofimmigration?

A、Induction.

Illustration.

C、Comparison.

D、Explanation.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。第四段主体阐述了移民的有利影响：将洛杉矶移民青年与本

地青年暴力、犯罪率进行了横向对比，将圣安东尼奥和迈阿密等城市移民数量增加

后杀人恶性案件发生率进行了纵向对比，同时还将纽约移民社区居民与本地居民对

待法律态度以及与警方合作态度进行了横向对比。由此可见，作者为了说明移民产

生的有利影响，借鉴了学者们的研究方法(对比、对照)来阐述这一问题，C项正

确。

4、"Thecritics"(Para.5)mostprobablyreferstothoseinfavorof.

A、scholarsintheresearch

B、PresidentObama

C、supremeCourt

D、Arizonaslategovernment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第五段明确指出：持续不断的移民抵制浪潮部分原因在于移

民带来的社会变化，反对这些变化的人(ihecrilics)支持控制移民数量，可见他们是

反对移民的人士。亚利桑那州对移民进行打压，其态度不言而喻，即为反对态度，

与“批评者”同,故选D项。

5、Tohandletheimmigrationquestion,theauthorsuggests.

A、holdingimmigrantfamiliestogether

B、deportingundocumentedadults

C、abolishingharshdeportationrules

D、establishingaguest-workerprogram

标准答案：C

知识点诵析：细节题。作者在最后一段首先支持奥巴马让非法移民儿童免受严苛递

解出境条款这一决议；随后提出解决移民问题的意见：为成年非法移民获取合法公

民身份之路清除障碍，制定更为宽松的外籍劳工“划，同时保全移民家庭而不是通

过递解出境以拆散他们。可见，作者对于严苛的递解出境条款不赞同，希望废除，

C项符合文意。

ResearchersfromtheuniversitiesofIstanbulandHawaiihopethetechniquecanleadto

newwaystoproducemedicines.Aspartofanefforttoimprovetreatmentsforlife­

threateningillnesses,ateamofscientistshavecreatedrabbitsthatglowinthedark.Their

effortsproducedtworabbitsoutofalitterofeightthatwentfrombeinganormal,fluffy

whitetoglowinggreeninthedark.TherabbitswerebornattheUniversityofIstanbulas

partofacollaborationbetweenscientistsfromuniversitiesinTurkeyandHawaii.The

rabbitsglowtoshowthatageneticmanipulationtechniquecanworkefficiently,though

thespecificcolorismorecosmeticthanscientific."Thegreenisnotimportantatall-it*s

justamarkertoshowtheexperimentcanbedonesuccessfully,nsaidUniversityof

HawaiiassociateprofessorStefanMoisyadi.Toproducetheglowingeffect,researchers

injectedjellyfishDNAintoamotherrabbit'sembryos.Thosealteredembryoswerethen

insertedbackintothemother.Similarexperimentshaveresultedinglowingcockroaches

andcats.Eventually,theresearchershopethetechniquecanleadtonewwaystoproduce

medicines,Moisyadisaid.HThefinalgoalistodevelopanimalsthatactasbarrier

reactivestoproducebeneficialmoleculesintheirmilkthatcanbecheaplyextracted,

especiallyincountriesthatcannotaffordbigphamiaplantsthatmakedrugs,thatusually

cost$1billiontobuild,andheabletoproducetheirownprotein-basedmedicationin

animals/'Moisyadisaid.Therabbitsarcexpectedtohavethesamelifespanastheirnon­

glowingcounterparts,butMoisyadisaidheunderstandspeoplecanobjecttothiskindof

experimentationinvolvingliveanimals."Tothepeopleagainst,Isay:thinkabout,what

arethebenefitsandwhataretheinjuries?”Moisyadisaid."Andifthebenefitsoutweigh

theinjuries,let'sgowiththebenefits."Moisyadi,anativeofTurkeywhoisnowwiththe

UniversityofHawaii,starteddevelopingtheprojectin2006,andresearchersarenow

waitingtoseeifpregnantsheepproducesimilarresults.

6、Whichisthefinalgoaloftheresearchersandscholarsbybreedingrabbitsthatglow?

A、Toproducesomeglowingrabbits.

BNNotonlytoproduceglowingrabbits,butalsotoproduceglowingsheep.

C、Toseewhetherageneticmanipulationtechniquecanworkefficientlyornot.

D、Tofindanewwayofproducingmedicinecheaply.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。此题考查实验的根本目的。文章第一段即指出...hopethe

techniquecanleadtonewwaystoproducemedicines（希望能利用科技手段找到生产药

物的新途径），第五.段又提到Eventually,theresearchershopethetechniquecanleadto

newwaystoproducemedicines,由此可知D项为正确答案。

7^ThepurposeofMoisyadibysayingthewordsinParagraph3istoshow.

A.greencoloriscosmetic,butnotscientificatall

B、moisyadidoesn'tlikegreencolor

C^anycolorcanbeacceptedinthisexperiment

D、onlygreencolorprovesthattheexperimentissuccessful

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。莫伊斯雅迪说“是不是绿色

根本不重要，有颜色不过是证明实验能够取得成功的标志”，由此可以推断，只要

有颜色，哪种颜色都没问题，因此C项为正确答案。

8、Theunderlinedphrase"pharmaplants"inParagraph5probablymeans.

A、atypeofherbplant

B、aplaceofproducingmedicine

C>aplaceofsellingplants

D^plantsthatcanfeedanimals

标准答案：B

知识点解析：含义题。限据题干关键词定位到第五段。本句为…pharmaplantsthat

makedrugs…根据定语从句thatmakedrugs就可以推断出pharmaplants是“制药厂”

的意思，pharma一词与phannacy意思相通，plant意为“工厂”。因此B项为正确答

案。

9、WhydoesMoisyadithinksomepeoplewon'tacceptthisexperiment?

A、Becausetheglowingrabbitscan'tliveaslongasthenon-glowingones.

B、Becauseliveanimalsareusedasmaterialsinthisexperiment.

C、Becausetheywantbenefitsmorebadlythaninjuries.

D、BecauseMoisydidoesn'thavemuchexperience.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据关键词定位到第六段。Efclheunderstandspeoplecan

objecttothiskindofexperimentationinvolvingliveanimals可知正确答案为B项，即

人们反对这项实验可能是因为实验涉及活体动物，题干中的won'taccept是对原文

objectto的同义复现。

10、WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsistrueaboutStenfanMoisyadi?

A、Heinventedglowingrabbitsbyhimself.

B、Hewantstohelpthepoorcountriestodevelopmedicineindustry.

C、Hedislikesthepeoplewhoareagainsttheexperiment.

D、Hethinksthecommercialbenefitsoverweightheinjuriesinthisexperiment.

标准答案：B:

知识点解析：细节题。第五段介绍了莫伊斯雅迪的观点，因此答案应从本段中找，

B项说他想帮助那些贫穷的国家发展制药业，这是对第五段的正确概括，为正确答

案。

Researchershaveknownforyearsthatchildrenwhosemotherswerechronicallystressed

duringpregnancy——byfamine,anxiety,thedeathofarelativeormaritaldiscord,for

instance—showhighcr-than-normalratesofvariouspsychologicalandbehavioural

disorderswhentheyareadults.Theyhavealsoknownforalongtimethatthosebrought

upinabusiveenvironmentsoftenturnouttobeabusivethemselves.Thesecondofthese

observationsisusuallyputdowntolearning.Thereasonforthefirsthasremained

unclear.AstudyjustpublishedbyAxelMeyer,ThomasElbertandtheircolleaguesatthe

UniversityofKonstanzinGermany,however,pointstoaphenomenoncalledepigenetics

asthelikelyanswer.Epigcneticsisatypeofgeneregulationthatcanbepassedfroma

celltoitsdaughters.Themostcommonmechanismismethylation,whoseconsequenceis

toinactivatethegenebeingmethylated.Theyfoundthatwomenabusedduring

pregnancyweresignificantlymorelikelythanotherstohaveachildwithmethylated

glucocorticoid-rcccptorgenes.Bycontrast,abusebeforeorafterpregnancyresultedinno

suchcorrelation.Norwasthemother'sownmethylationaffectedbyviolencetowardsher.

Takentogether,theseresultssuggestthatglucocorticoid-receptor-genemethylation

happensinthefetusinresponsetoamother'sstress,andpersistsintoadolescence.This

hasimplicationsfbrthoseadolescents'long-termhealth.Dampenedglucocorticoid­

receptor-geneactivityhasbeenshowntoincreasetheriskofobesityandofdepression.It

alsomakespeoplemoreimpulsiveandaggressive—andtherefore,ifmale,morelikelyto

abusethepregnantmothersoftheirchildren,thusperpetuatingthewholesorrycycle.

Why,inlightofsuchnegativeeffects,havehumansevolvedtobeprogrammedthisway

whilestillinthewomb?Partoftheanswerisprobablythatnotallthenegative

consequenceswouldhaveshownupatthetimethemechanismwasevolving.Theother

partisthatsomeoftheconsequencesprobablyhaveapositiveeffect.Whatcanbedone

withsuchknowledgeisunclear.DrugsthatdemethylateDNAareunderdevelopment,

butarestillsomewayfromapproval一and,inanycase,interferingwithepigenetics,

whichisawidespreadmechanismofgeneregulation,isadrasticapproach.Theresearch

might,though,pointtotheperiodwheninterveningtostopabusewillhavethegreatest

effect.Thenagain,suchinterventionisalwaysdesirable,tbrthesakeofbothmotherand

child.

11、AccordingtoParagraphI,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Apregnantmother'sstresscanhavealong-lastingeffectonherchildren's

psychology.

B、Amother'sabusebehaviormaygeneticallyaffectonherchildren'sbehavior.

C、Childrenarepsychologicallyandbehaviorallydisorderedbecauseofepigenetics.

D、Childrenareabusivethemselvesbecausetheyimitatetheirparents.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据首句“如果母亲在怀孕

期间长期遭受……过大压力，她们的孩子成年后出现各种心理疾病和行为问题的几

率会高于平均几率''和笫五句"一种被称为‘外因遗传’的现象很有可能就是这个问题

的答案”，可知C项说法不严谨，以偏概全，违背了原意，并非只要孩子一出现心

理问题和行为障碍就是外因遗传引起的，故C项为正确答案。

12、Achildwithmethylatedglucocorticoid-rcccptorgeneshasamother.

A、withgreatpressure

B、abusedbeforepregnancy

CNabusedduringpregnancy

D、abusedafterpregnancy

标准答案：A-'

知识点解析：细节题。限据题干关键词定位到第二段。该段末句提到“总体看来，

这些结论表明胎儿糖皮质激素受体基因的甲基化是由于母亲压力过大引起的“，故

A项为正确答案。

13、Theword"Dampened"(Para.3)mostprobablyrefersto.

A、long-lasting

B>moist

C、attached

D、inactive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：含义题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。根据前三个自然段，可知

Dampenedglucocorticoid-receptor-geneactivity仍然指“methylatedglucocorticoid­

receptorgcncs^,而methylated的定义在第一段末句给出了，句中的inactivate与D

项表达的意思一致，故D项为正确答案。

14、Itcanbeimpliedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat.

A、obesityisusuallyinastateofnature

B、ifamotherlivesinanenvironmentwherefear-inducingexperiencesarecommon,

heroffspringmayhaveaninsensitivitytofear

C^theresearchofdrugsdemethylatingDNAisstillnotapproved

D、peopledesireinterventionofgenesbecauseitmaystopfamilyabuse

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。第五段末句提到“为了

让母亲和孩子们都幸福，这样的干涉乃众望所归”，故D项推断正确。

15、Whichmightbetheappropriatetitleofthispassage?

A^GenesandMethylation

B、EpigeneticsandStress

C^InheritanceofAbusiveness

D、InterventionofMethylation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。艰据题干关键词需纵观全文，但文章第一段段末就指出了关

键词叩igcnctics(外因遗传)，同时第一段描述的孕妇的种种处境，都是在强调其孕

期所承受的压力，故B项“外因遗传与压力”为正确答案。

Someemployersincreasinglyareviewingautism-aseverementaldisorderasanasset

andnotadeficiencyintheworkplace.Germany-basedsoftwarecompanySAPhasbeen

activelyseekingpeoplewithautismforjobs,nothecaimeofcharitablehelphutbecauseit

believesfeaturesofautismmaymakesomeindividualsbetteratcertainjobsthanthose

withoutautism.It'saworthyinitiative,accordingtodisabilityexperts,since85%of

adultswithautismarcestimatedtobeunemployed.SAPaimstohaveupto1%ofits

workforce—about650people-beemployeeswithautismby2020,accordingtoJose

Velasco,headoftheautisminitiativeatSAPintheU.S..Peoplewithautism—

characterizedbysocialdeficitsandrepetitivebehavior-tendtopaygreatattentionto

detail,whichmaymakethemwellsuitedassoftwaretestersordebuggers,accordingto

Mr.Velasco,whohastwochildrenwiththecondition.Inaddition,thesepeoplebringa

differentperspectivetotheworkplace,whichmayhelpwithefficiencyandcreativityas

well,hesaid."Theyhaveaverystructurednature"andlikenonambiguous,precise

outcomes,Mr.Velascosaid."We'relookingatthosestrengthsandlookingatwherethose

traitswouldbeofvaluetotheorganization."AutisticemployeesatSAPtakeonroles

suchasidentifyingsoftwareproblems,andassigningcustomer-servicequeriesto

membersoftheteamfortroubleshooting.SAPisalsoconsideringotherpositions,suchas

writingmanualstogiveclientsverypreciseinstructionsonhowtoinstallsoftware.

Individualswithautismmightexcelatgoingstepbystep,withoutskippingdetailsthat

othersmaymiss,saidMr.Velasco.About1%ofthepopulationintheU.S.―orsome

threemillionpeople-isthoughttohaveautism.ThelatestfiguresissuedbytheCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventionshowthatonein68childrenhavebeenidentified

withautism.However,theirlifetimeemploymentrateisextremelyloweventhough

manywanttowork,saiddisabilityexperts.Amongyoungadultsbetween21and25years

old,onlyhalfhaveeverheldapaidjoboutsidethehome,accordingtoastudypublished

lastyearintheJournaloftheAmericanAcademyofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry.

Thoughmanypeoplewithautismgoontohighereducationandarequalifiedfor

employment,theymayhavetroublegettinginthedoorofaworkplacebecauseof

difficultieswithcommunicationsorinterviews,accordingtoWendyIlarbour,executive

directoroftheTaishoffCenterforInclusiveHigherEducation,atSyracuseUniversity.

16、AccordingtoParagraph1,peoplewithautisminacompany.

A、performbetterthanthosewithoutit

mayshowabetterworkingcapacityinsomepositions

C、don'twanttogetcharitablehelpfromthesociety

D、makeothersimproveworkingefficienc