CNAS-TRC-013-2017 GB-T 24001-2015 环境管理体系 要求及使用指南标准的主要变化及对相关要点的理解

技术报告及使用指南》标准的主要变化及对相关要点的理解CNAS-TRC-013:2017定国家认可委员会（CNAS）以ISO/TC207CNAS-TRC-013:2017个阶段：即原材料的获取、设计、生产、运输/交付、使用、寿命结束后处理以及最CNAS-TRC-013:2017是新的ISO管理体系标准通用结构，包括通用的术语、定义、标题和正文。ISO在管标准。HLS适用于ISO发布的管理体系标准，且有关ISO14001:2015及相关标准的更多信息，可CNAS-TRC-013:2017关于“应在环境管理体系内规定对这些过程实施控制或施加影响的类型与程度”——关于组织实现其环境管理体系预期结CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017本文件是依据ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5工作组专家在ISO14001修订期间所取得的起草组为了将环境管理体系（EMS）的特定要求添加到核心正文中，并在起草过程中继续符合附件SL的使用规则，起草组经协商后采用了一种整合的方案：即按照ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5的工作原则，根据不同的主题，以灵活的方式将EMS的具体要求加入到核心正文中。一些情况下，将EMS的要求形成一个单独的句子或进行重点说明项；另外一些情况下将EMS要求插在一些情况下，为保持适宜性，起草组对ISO/IEC）））；再利用和再循环，保护土地等）。这个概念在如附件A.3所述，短语“在其控制下工作的人员”包括为组织工作的人员和那些代表组织工作并承担相应职责的人员（例如：合同方）。它代替了前版ISO14001标为了解决某些语言的翻译问题，ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5决定在定义“合规义务”上11.在ISO14001环境管理和ISO19600合规管理中，术语“合规义务”WG5无意在标准中对上述要求作出区分，即：不为每一类要求设——组织与外部供方存在一定关系，此时的。”），没有提出文件化信息的要求。由于每个组织的EMS是独特的，在7.5.1中规定：一个以理解他们的有关需求和期望。ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5认为，组织基于相关方要求的基于长期的共识，ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5在201保留“允许组织分阶段实施EMS的方案”。针对有些组织可能会有目的地“挑选”EMS的范围和边界一经界定，就不允许将已确定范围内的活动、产品或服务排其（EMS）与ISO14001:2015标准的符合性应当基于一个稳固的、可信的和可靠的——意图是确定并应对与组织所处环境有关的风险和机遇（即来自于4.1和4,2结合起来进行分析。ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5认为这并重要环境因素（包括运用生命周期观点），以及合规义务。上述这些都是条款6.1.4），条款9.2.2中使用的术语“审核”指的是由组织实施或者是代表组织实施的内部审StrategicEnvironmentalManagementThereisanincreasedprominenceofenvironmentaImanagementwithintheorganization’sstrategicpIanningprocesses.Anewrequirementtounderstandtheorganization’scontexthasbeenincorporatedtoidentifyandIeverageopportunitiesforthebenefitofboththeorganizationandtheenvironment.ParticuIarfocusisonissuesorchangingcircumstancesreIatedtotheneedsandexpectationsofinterestedparties(incIudingreguIatoryrequirements)andIocaI,regionaIorgIobaIenvironmentaIconditionsthatcanaffect,orbeaffectedby,theorganization.Onceidentifiedasapriority,actionstomitigateadverseriskorexpIoitbeneficiaIopportunitiesareintegratedintheoperationaIpIanningoftheenvironmentaImanagementsystem.LeadershipToensurethesuccessofthesystem,anewcIausehasbeenaddedthatassignsspecificresponsibiIitiesforthoseinIeadershiproIestopromoteenvironmentaImanagementwithintheorganization.ProtectingtheenvironmentTheexpectationonorganizationshasbeenexpandedtocommittoproactiveinitiativestoprotecttheenvironmentfromharmanddegradation,consistentwiththecontextoftheorganization.Therevisedtextdoesnotdefine(protecttheenvironment’butitnotesthatitcanincIudepreventionofpoIIution,sustainabIeresourceuse,cIimatechangemitigationandadaptation,protectionofbiodiversityandecosystems,etc.EnvironmentalperformanceThereisashiftinemphasiswithregardtocontinuaIimprovement,fromimprovingthemanagementsystemtoimprovingenvironmentaIperformance.Consistentwiththeorganization’spoIicycommitmentstheorganizationwouId,asappIicabIe,reduceemissions,effIuentsandwastetoIeveIssetbytheorganization.LifecycleperspectiveInadditiontothecurrentrequirementtomanageenvironmentaIaspectsassociatedwithprocuredgoodsandservice,organizationswiIIneedtoextenditscontroIandinfIuencetotheenvironmentaIimpactsassociatedwithproductdesignanddeveIopmenttoaddresseachstageoftheIifecycIe,i.e.acquisitionofrawmateriaIs,design,production,transportation/deIivery,use,end–of–IifetreatmentandfinaIdisposaI.ThisdoesnotimpIyarequirementtodoaIifecycIeassessment.2©ISO20OutsourcedprocessesOrganizationsneedtocontroIorinfIuenceoutsourcedprocesses.CommunicationThedeveIopmentofacommunicationsstrategywithequaIemphasisonexternaIandinternaIcommunicationshasbeenadded.ThisincIudesarequirementoncommunicatingconsistentandreIiabIeinformation,andestabIishingmechanismsforpersonsworkingundertheorganization'scontroItomakesuggestionsonimprovingtheenvironmentaImanagementsystem.ThedecisiontocommunicateexternaIIyisretainedbytheorganizationbutthedecisionneedstotakeintoaccountinformationreportingrequiredbyreguIatoryagenciesandtheexpectationsofotherinterestedparties.DocumentationRefIectingtheevoIutionofcomputerandcIoudbasedsystemsforrunningmanagementsystems,therevisionincorporatestheterm(documentedinformation,,insteadof(documents,and(records,.ToaIignwithISO9001,theorganizationwiIIretainthefIexibiIitytodeterminewhen(procedures,areneededtoensureeffectiveprocesscontroI.ISOcommonframeworkformanagementsystemsItusesISOnewHighLeveIStructure(HLS)forManagementSystemStandards(MSS)whichisanewcommonframeworkforISOmanagementsystemstandards,whichincorporateidenticaIcoretext,andcommontermswithcoredefinitions.ThenewframeworkisdesignedtobenefitusersimpIementingmuItipIeISOmanagementsystemstandardsandbeappIicabIetoanymanagementsystemstandard.ThisaIIowscompatibiIityacrossISOmanagementsystemstandardswhiIeofferingsubject–specificfIexibiIity.FormoreinformationaboutISO14001:2015andreIatedstandards,visittheISO/TC207/SC1website–/tc207sc1Theorganizationshallensurethatheguidanceonthetermoutsourcedprocessfounprocurementprocess)tocontrolorinfluence(an)outsourcedprocesbaseduponfactorssuchas:-thecompetenceoftheexternalprovidertomeettheorgasystemrequirements;-thetechnicalcompetencadequacyofcontrols;-theimportanceandpotentialefecttheproductandservicewillhaveontheorganizatioabilitytoachievetheintendedoutcomeofitsenCNAS-TRC-013:2017-theextenttowhichcontrolo-thecapabilityofachievingthenecessarycontrolthroughthprocurementprocess;fromdirectcontroltolimitedornoinfluence.Insomecases,anoutsourcedprocessperforonsitemightbeunderthedirectabilitytoinfluenceanoutsourcedprocessCNAS-TRC-013:2017Whyincludelifecycleperspective?AccordingtoISO14001-Asystematicapproachtoenvironmentalmanagementcanprovidetopmanagementwithinformationtobuildsuccessoverthelongtermandcreateoptionsforcontributingtosustainabledevelopmentbycontrollingorinfluencingthewaytheorganization'sproductsandservicesaredesigned,manufactured,distributed,consumedanddisposedbyusingalifecycleperspectivethatcanpreventenvironmentalimpactsfrombeingunintentionallyshiftedelsewherewithinthelifecycle.Whatisalifecycle?Thedefinitionoflifecycleis‘Consecutiveandinterlinkedstagesofaproduct(orservice)system,fromrawmaterialacquisitionorgenerationfromnaturalresourcestofinaldisposal.Lifecyclestagesincludeacquisitionofrawmaterials,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposal.’IsalifecycleassessmentarequirementinISO14001?No,itisnotarequirementasclearlystatedinAnnextoISO14001A6.1.2:‘Whendeterminingenvironmentalaspects,theorganizationconsidersalifecycleperspective.Thisdoesnotrequireadetailedlifecycleassessment;thinkingcarefullyaboutthelifecyclestagesthatcanbecontrolledorinfluencedbytheorganizationissuficient.Typicalstagesofaproductlifecycleincluderawmaterialacquisition,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposal.Thelifecyclestagesthatareapplicablewillvarydependingontheactivity,productorservice.‘Whyconsiderlifecycleperspective?ThereasonaccordingtoISO14001isthat‘Someoftheorganization’ssignificantenvironmentalimpactscanoccurduringthetransport,delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentorfinaldisposalofitsproductorservice.Byprovidinginformation,anorganizationcanpotentiallypreventormitigateadverseenvironmentalimpactsduringtheselifecyclestages.Theorganizationconsiderstheextentofcontrolorinfluencethatitcanexertoveractivities,productsandservicesconsideringalifecycleperspective.GuidancefromISO14004Practicalhelp-LifecycleperspectiveAlifecycleperspectiveincludesconsiderationoftheenvironmentalaspectsofanorganization’sactivities,products,andservicesthatitcancontrolorinfluence.Stagesinalifecycleincludeacquisitionofrawmaterials,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,endoflifetreatment,andfinaldisposal.Whenapplyingalifecycleperspectivetoitsproductsandservices,theorganizationshouldconsiderthefollowing:—thestageinthelifecycleoftheproductorservice,—thedegreeofcontrolithasoverthelifecyclestages,e.g.aproductdesignermayberesponsibleforrawmaterialselection,whereasamanufacturermayonlyberesponsibleforreducingrawmaterialuseandminimizingprocesswasteandtheusermayonlyberesponsibleforuseanddisposaloftheproduct,—thedegreeofinfluenceithasoverthelifecycle,e.g.thedesignermayonlyinfluencethemanufacturersproductionmethods,whereasthemanufacturermyalsoinfluencetheCNAS-TRC-013:2017designandthewaytheproductisusedoritsmethodofdisposal,—thelifeoftheproduct,—theorganization’sinfluenceonthesupplychain,—thelengthofthesupplychain,and—thetechnologicalcomplexityoftheproduct.Theorganizationcanconsiderthosestagesinthelifecycleoverwhichithasthegreatestcontrolorinfluenceasthesemayofferthegreatestopportunitytoreduceresourceuseandminimizepollutionorwaste.ISO14001keyrequirementsthatreferstolifecycleperspectiveare:“6.1.2EnvironmentalaspectsWithinthedefinedscopeoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem,theorganizationshalldeterminetheenvironmentalaspectsofitsactivities,productsandservicesthatitcancontrolandthosethatitcaninfluence,andtheirassociatedenvironmentalimpacts,consideringalifecycleperspective.““8.1OperationalPlanningandControl…..”Consistentwithalifecycleperspective,theorganizationshall:a)establishcontrolsasappropriatetoensurethatitsenvironmentalrequirement(s)areaddressedinthedesignanddevelopmentprocessfortheproductorservice,consideringeachstageofitslifecycle;b)determineitsenvironmentalrequirement(s)fortheprocurementofproductsandservicesasappropriate;c)communicateitsrelevantenvironmentalrequirement(s)toexternalproviders,includingcontractors;d)considertheneedtoprovideinformationaboutpotentialsignificantenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetransportationordelivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposalofitsproductsandservices.”CNAS-TRC-013:2017GeneralconceptsTermsandDefinitionsclausespecificconceptsthedition).1.WhyhassomeofthetextinAnnexSL,ISO’srequirementsformanagementsystemstandards,beenmodified?simplicity,clarityandtranslatabilitybeconciseandavoidredundancyflexibilityandeaseofuseofthestandardverifiabilitycompatibilitywiththeotherelementsofthestandard.2.WhathappenedtoalloftherequiredproceduresinISO14001:2004?CNAS-TRC-013:20173.Whyistherenoclauseon“effects”ontheenvironment.CNAS-TRC-013:20179.Howarethetermsanddefinitionsorderedinclause3?requirementsandotherrequirements11.Isthereadiferencebetweentheuseoftheterm"complianceobligations"inISO14001forenvironmentalmanagementandISO19600forcompliancemanagement?12.DoesISO14001treattheapplicationsofanorganizati(e.g.mandatoryrequirements,voCNAS-TRC-013:2017mandatoryrequirementssuchasregulationsandlegallybindingrequirements,anexternalorganization16.WhatisexpectedastheoutCNAS-TRC-013:201718.Whatistheintentofconsideringclauses4.1and4.2wh19.Whatistheintentofclause4.3,determiningthescopeofanEMS?CNAS-TRC-013:2017Annex,A.4.3andA.4.4for20.Whatistheintentofthepolicycommitmenttoprotectmitigation,etc.).22.Whataresomeexamplesofcri