高中英语语法主谓一致专项训练试题

高中英语语法主谓一致专项训练试题主谓一致是英语句子构造的核心逻辑之一，要求主语与谓语在“数”的范畴上保持一致。它贯穿语法填空、短文改错、书面表达等高考题型，是精准表达的关键。以下结合“语法一致”“意义一致”“就近一致”三大原则，设计分层训练题并附解析，助力同学们突破语法难点。一、语法一致原则专项训练（形式决定数）核心逻辑：主语的“单复数形式”直接决定谓语的单复数（单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语）。基础巩固题1.Asingleflower____(brighten)thewholeroom.2.Thesebeautifulflowers____(brighten)thewholeroom.3.Freshair____(be)necessaryforourhealth.能力提升题1.Thenewsabouttheearthquake____(shock)everyone.2.Myfavoritesubject____(be)EnglishandChinese.（提示：“and”连接的表语不改变主语单复数）3.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclass____(know)theschoolrules.二、意义一致原则专项训练（含义决定数）核心逻辑：谓语的单复数由主语的“实际意义”决定（如集合名词表“整体”用单数，表“成员”用复数；时间/金钱/距离表“整体概念”用单数）。集合名词考点1.Ourteam____(be)thebestintheschool.（team表“整体”）2.Theteam____(be)discussingtheirstrategy.（team表“成员”）3.Thefamily____(move)toanewcitylastyear.（family表“整体”）时间/金钱/距离考点1.Tenthousandyuan____(be)notasmallamountforastudent.2.Twokilometers____(be)ashortdistancetowalk.三、就近一致原则专项训练（邻近主语决定数）核心逻辑：谓语的单复数由靠近它的主语决定（典型结构：therebe,notonly...butalso...,either...or...等）。经典结构训练1.There____(be)apenandthreebooksonthedesk.2.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents____(love)thismovie.3.Eitheryouoryourbrother____(have)tocleantheroom.四、特殊结构主谓一致专项训练不定代词作主语1.Everyoneintheclub____(enjoy)theparty.2.Neitheroftheanswers____(be)correct.非谓语/从句作主语1.____(learn)aforeignlanguage____(open)upnewopportunities.（动名词短语作主语）2.Whathetoldus____(be)veryinspiring.（主语从句作主语）综合训练题（含高考高频考点）请结合上述原则，完成以下句子的谓语动词填空：1.Thenumberofpeopleinthehall____(be)over500.2.Anumberofbirds____(fly)tothesouthinwinter.3.Neitherthemanagernortheworkers____(be)satisfiedwiththeplan.4.Thepolice____(be)lookingforthemissingchild.5.Threeyears____(pass)sincewegraduated.6.Whatthescientistsdiscovered____(change)ourunderstandingoftheuniverse.7.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirmother____(like)painting.8.Eachstudentandeachteacher____(receive)agiftonTeachers’Day.9.Thefamily____(be)watchingTVtogethernow.10.Togiveis____(receive).参考答案及解析一、语法一致原则基础巩固题1.brightens（单数主语“asingleflower”→单数谓语）2.brighten（复数主语“theseflowers”→复数谓语）3.is（不可数名词“air”→单数谓语）能力提升题1.shocked（不可数名词“news”→单数谓语，结合语境用过去式）2.is（主语“subject”为单数，表语“EnglishandChinese”是对“subject”的补充说明）3.knows（“every...andevery...”结构作主语，谓语单数）二、意义一致原则集合名词考点1.is（team表“整体”→单数谓语）2.are（team表“成员”→复数谓语）3.moved（family表“整体”→单数谓语，结合“lastyear”用过去式）时间/金钱/距离考点1.is（“tenthousandyuan”表“整体金额”→单数谓语）2.is（“twokilometers”表“整体距离”→单数谓语）三、就近一致原则1.is（therebe句型中，靠近的主语“apen”是单数→is）2.love（靠近的主语“students”是复数→love）3.has（靠近的主语“yourbrother”是单数→has）四、特殊结构不定代词作主语1.enjoys（everyone→单数谓语）2.is（neitherof...→单数谓语）非谓语/从句作主语1.Learning;opens（动名词短语“learning...”作主语→单数谓语）2.was（主语从句“whathetoldus”表“单数概念”→单数谓语，结合语境用过去式）综合训练题1.is（“thenumberof...”表“数量”→单数谓语）2.fly（“anumberof...”表“许多”→复数谓语）3.are（neither...nor...中靠近的主语“workers”是复数→are）4.are（police表“成员”→复数谓语）5.haspassed（“threeyears”表“整体时间”→单数谓语，结合“since”用现在完成时）6.changed（主语从句表“单数概念”→单数谓语，结合语境用过去式）7.likes（notonly...butalso...中靠近的主语“mother”是单数→likes）8.receives（“each...andeach...”→单数谓语）