诗人约翰济慈(英文版)

——“Beauty

is

truth,

truthbeauty”美即是真，真即是美IntroductionLife

StoryWorksHis

Position

in

English

LiteratureJohn

Keats

(1795-1821)>One

of

the

2nd

generationof

romantic

poets>Famous

as

Byron

andShelley>Outstanding

representativeof

European

RomanticMovementIntroductionLife

Story1810

mother1815-1816

Studied

&

licensed

apothecary1817

book,

Poems1821

died1795born1804father1811surgeon-apothecary外科药剂商After

that,

Keats

lived

in

Hampstead（汉普斯特）—Keats

HouseFell

in

love

with

his

neighbor—FannyBrawneThe

last

year

of

his

lifeTo

Fanny

Brawne,

March

1820This

perhaps

should

be

as

much

a

subjectof

sorrow

as

joy

-

but

I

will

not

talk

of

thatEven

if

you

did

not

love

me

I

could

not

helpan

entire

devotion

to

you:

how

much

moredeeply

then

must

I

feel

for

you

knowingyou

love

me.

My

Mind

has

been

the

mostdiscontented

and

restless

one

that

everwas

put

into

a

body

too

small

for

it.

I

neverfelt

my

Mind

repose

upon

anything

withcomplete

and

undistracted

enjoyment

-upon

no

person

but

you.When

you

are

in

the

room

my

thoughtsnever

fly

out

of

window:

you

alwaysconcentrate

my

whole

senses.

The

anxietyshown

about

our

Love

in

your

last

note

isan

immense

pleasure

to

me;

however

youYour

affectionate,

J.

KeatsSweetest

Fanny,You

fear,

sometimes,

I

do

not

love

you

somuch

as

you

wish?

My

dear

Girl

I

love

youever

and

ever

and

without

reserve.

Themore

I

have

known

you

the

more

have

Ilov'd.

In

every

way

-

even

my

jealousieshave

been

agonies

of

Love,

in

the

hottestfit

I

ever

had

I

would

have

died

for

you.

Ihave

vex'd

you

too

much.

But

for

Love!Can

I

help

it?

You

are

always

new.

Thelast

of

your

kisses

was

ever

the

sweetest;the

last

smile

the

brightest;

the

lastmovement

the

gracefullest.

When

youpass'd

my

window

home

yesterday,

I

wasfill'd

with

as

much

admiration

as

if

I

hadthen

seen

you

for

the

first

time.

You

utteredmust

not

suffer

such

speculations

to

molesta

half

complaint

once

that

I

only

lov'd

youryou

any

more:

not

will

I

any

more

believeBeauty.

Have

I

nothing

else

then

to

love

in

you

can

have

the

least

pique

against

me.

you

but

that?

Do

not

I

see

a

heart

naturally

Brown

is

gone

out

--

but

here

is

Mrs

Wylie

-furnish'd

with

wings

imprison

itself

with

me-?when

she

is

gone

I

shall

be

awake

for

you.No

ill

prospect

has

been

able

to

turn

your

--

Remembrances

to

your

Mother.thoughts

a

moment

from

me.无法获取该音频文件。“Here

lies

one

whose

name

waswrit

in

water.”(此地长眠者，声名水上书)His

last

request

:to

be

buried

underan

unnamed

tombstone,

with

wordsIn

the

following

years,

troubled

byillness

and

povertyEarly

1821,his

tuberculosis

（肺结核）declinedSevern(塞文)accompanied

himwhen

Keats

died2.23.1821,Keats

died

and

buried

inProtestant

Cometery

Rome.After

his

death,

Fanny

mournedhim

for

7

years

and

wore

hisengagement

ring

till

she

diedWorksHe

produced

a

variety

of

work,including

epic,lyric

（抒情诗）and

narrative

poems.Odes(颂诗,赋）are

regarded

as

Keats’s

mostimportant

and

mature

works.Short

Poems1.Ode

to

a

Nightingale“夜莺颂“On

a

Grecian

Urn“希腊古瓮颂”On

Melancholy“忧郁颂”When

I

have

Fear“当我害怕的时候”TO

Autumn“秋颂”

On

the

Grasshopper

and

theCricket“蛐蛐与蟋蟀”Bright

Star“闪亮的星星”O

Solitude“哦，孤独”Five

long

poems1.Endymion《恩底弥翁》2.Isabella《伊莎贝拉》3.The

Eve

of

St.

Agnes《圣亚尼节前夜》Lamia《莱米亚》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》1.Ode

to

a

Nightingale“夜莺颂”第一节My

heart

aches,

and

a

drowsy

numbnesspainsMy

sense,

as

though

of

hemlock

I

haddrunk,Or

emptied

some

dull

opiate

to

the

drainsOne

minute

past,

and

Lethe-wards

hadsunk:'Tis

not

through

envy

of

thy

happy

lot,But

being

too

happy

in

thine

happiness

--That

thou,

light

winged

Dryad

of

the

trees,In

some

melodious

plotOf

beechen

green,

and

shadowsnumberless,Singest

of

summer

in

full-throated

ease.第一节我的心疼痛，我感到昏昏欲睡，麻木不仁，好像是饮过毒鸩，又像是刚刚吞服过鸦片，开始沉向冥府的忘川。这并非我对你的福气有所妒嫉，而是你的欢乐使我过度欣喜——你呀，羽翼翩翩的树精，在山毛榉的绿叶与荫影之中，在那歌声悠扬的地点，你舒展了喉咙，歌唱着夏天第二节O,

for

a

draught

of

vintage!

that

hath

beenCool'd

a

long

age

in

the

deep-delved

earth,Tasting

of

Flora

and

the

country

green,Dance,

and

Provencal

song,

and

sunburntmirth!O

for

a

beaker

full

of

the

warm

SouthFull

of

the

true,

the

blushful

Hippocrene,With

beaded

bubbles

winking

at

the

brim,And

purple-stained

mouth,That

I

might

drink,

and

leave

the

worldunseen,And

with

thee

fade

away

into

the

forest

dim.第二节啊，但愿有一口美酒，一口曾在地窖冷藏多年的美酒！人一尝就会想到花神，想到葱绿的酒乡，想起舞蹈、恋歌和丰收季节的欢狂。啊，要是那杯酒带有南国的热气，红如人面，充满灵感之泉的真味，珍珠的泡沫在杯沿浮动，能把嘴唇染得绯红，我就会一饮而尽，悄然离开尘寰，随你隐没在幽暗的林间。第三节Fade

far

away,

dissolve,

and

quite

forgetWhat

thou

amongst

the

leaves

hast

neverknown,The

weariness,

the

fever,

and

the

fretHere,

where

men

sit

and

hear

each

othergroan;Where

palsy

shakes

a

few,

sad,

last

greyhairs.Where

youth

grows

pale,

and

spectre-thin,and

dies;Where

nut

to

think

is

to

be

full

of

sorrowAnd

leaden-eyed

despairs;Where

Beauty

cannot

keep

her

lustrouseyes,Or

new

Love

pine

at

them

beyond

to-morrow.第三节远远地隐没，消失，并且忘记你在林间从不知晓的东西，忘记这里的厌倦、焦虑和烦躁不安。这里，人们坐在一起长吁短叹；这里，老年瘫痪了，只剩得几根白发摇晃，青年也变得苍白，瘦削，以至死亡；这里，人们一思想就感到伤悲，就会绝望得两眼铅灰；这里，美人的双眸难以保持明丽，新生的爱情第二天就会凋敝。第四节Away!

away!

for

I

will

fly

to

thee,Not

charioted

by

Bacchus

and

his

pards,But

on

the

viewless

wings

of

Poesy,Though

the

dull

brain

perplexes

andretards.Already

with

thee!

tender

is

the

night,And

haply

the

Queen-Moon

is

on

herthrone,Clustered

around

by

all

her

starry

Fays;But

here

there

is

no

light,Save

what

from

heaven

is

with

the

breezesblownThrough

verdurous

glooms

and

windingmossy

ways.第四节飞去，飞去，我要向你飞去，不是与酒神同驾豹车而去，而是乘坐诗神的无形的双翼，尽管这头脑恁地迟钝、团惑和呆滞。啊，此刻我终于和你在一起了；夜，是这般地柔和，也许月后已经登上宝座，众星正在四周守望，但是，这里却没有光亮，除了几丝天光，随风穿过窗枝的隙缝，穿过绿叶的荫影和苔藓的曲径。第五节I

cannot

see

what

flowers

are

at

my

feet,Nor

what

soft

incensehangs

upon

theboughs,But,

in

embalmed

darkness,

guess

eachsweetWherewith

the

seasonable

month

endowsThe

grass,

the

thicket,

and

the

fruit-treewild--White

hawthorn,

and

the

pastoral

eglantine;Fast

fading

violets

covered

up

in

leaves;And

mid-May's

eldest

child,The

coming

musk-rose,

full

of

dewy

wine,The

murmurous

haunt

of

flies

on

summereves.第五节我看不清什么花儿在我脚下，也望不见什么花儿在枝头挂，但是，在温馨的黑夜，我却能猜想这个季节的每一种芬芳，那就该有香草、灌木和野果树的花。有山楂和野玫瑰的花，还有早谢的紫罗兰为绿叶遮盖，还有麝香蔷薇即将盛开——那种蔷薇是五月中旬的骄儿，流露着酒香，它是夏夜蚊蝇飞鸣的地方。第六节Darkling

I

listen;

and

for

many

a

timeI

have

been

half

in

love

with

easeful

Death,Called

him

soft

names

in

many

a

musedrhyme,To

take

into

the

air

my

quiet

breath;Now

more

than

ever

seems

it

rich

to

die,To

cease

upon

the

midnight

with

no

pain,In

such

an

ecstasy!Still

wouldst

thou

sing,

and

I

have

ears

invain

--To

thy

high

requiem

become

a

sod.第六节我在黑暗中倾听你的歌声，我多次想到死亡，他可以给人安宁。我在诗歌里亲昵地向他呼唤，求他把我的生命化为青烟。现在我越发感到死亡的富丽，想在午夜安然地与世别离，While

thou

art

pouring

forth

thy

soul

abroad

但此刻你却以如此的狂喜倾吐着你的胸臆，你将永远歌唱不息，我死了就不会再听见你——你将唱给一堆草泥。第七节Thou

wast

not

born

for

death,

immortalBird!No

hungry

generations

treadthee

down;The

voice

I

hear

this

passing

night

easheardIn

ancient

days

by

emperor

and

clown:Perhaps

the

self-same

song

that

found

apathThrough

the

sad

heart

of

Ruth,

when,

sickfor

home,She

stood

in

tears

amid

the

alien

corn;The

same

that

oft-times

hathCharm’d

magic

casement,

opening

onthe

foam第七节永生的灵鸟！你不会死掉，贪馋的时间不能把你踩倒。我今晚听到的声音，也曾为古代的帝王和庶民喜听乐闻；这同样的歌声也许增添过露丝的乡愁，使她站在异邦的谷田里热泪直流，这歌声还常把神异的古堡迷住，迷住被幽禁在里面的年轻公主，她伫立窗旁，凝视着大海的惊涛骇浪，Of

perilous

seas,in

faery

lands

forlorn.孤寂的仙境使她闷得心慌。第八节Forlorn!

the

very

word

is

like

a

bellTo

toll

me

back

from

thee

to

my

sole

self!Adieu!

the

fancy

cannot

cheat

so

wellAs

she

is

famed

to

do,

deceiving

elf.Adieu!

adieu!

thy

plaintive

anthem

fadesPast

the

near

meadows,

over

the

stillstream,In

the

next

valley-glades:Was

is

a

vision,

or

a

waking

dream?Fled

is

that

music

--

Do

I

wake

or

sleep?第八节孤寂！这个词儿好似一声钟响，使我又回到我独自站立的地方。别了！幻想这个妖精虽能把人欺骗，但并不像盛传的那样灵验。别了！别了！你如泣如诉的歌声逐渐飞逝，越过附近的草地，越过平静的小溪，越Up

the

hill-side;and

now

'tis

buried

deep

过山坡；这个时候它又隐没在另一个山沟。这是幻觉，还是梦？歌声远了——我是在睡，还是醒？In“Ode

to

a

Nightingale,”thenightingale’s

song

symbolizes

thebeauty

of

nature

and

art.Keats

wasfascinated

by

the

differencebetween

life

and

art:Human

beingsdie,but

the

art

they

make

lives

on.The

speaker

in

the

poem

triesrepeatedly

to

use

his

imagination

togo

with

the

bird’s

song,but

eachtime

he

fails

to

completely

forgethimself.In

the

sixth

stanza（段）he

suddenly

remembers

what

deathmeans,and

the

thought

of

itfrightens

him

back

to

earth

and

hisown

humanityEndymion《恩底弥翁》A

thing

of

beauty

is

a

joy

for

ever:Its

loveliness

increases;

it

will

neverPass

into

nothingness;

but

still

will

keepA

bower

quiet

for

us,

and

a

sleepFull

of

sweet

dreams,

and

health,

and

quietbreathing.Therefore,

on

every

morrow,

are

wewreathingA

flowery

band

to

bind

us

to

the

earth,Spite

of

despondence,

of

the

inhumandearthOf

noble

natures,

of

the

gloomy

days,Of

all

the

unhealthy

and

o’er-darkenedwaysMade

for

our

searching:

yes,

in

spite

of

all,Some

shape

of

beauty

moves

away

thepallFrom

our

dark

spirits.凡美的事物就是永恒的喜悦:它的美与日俱增:它永不湮灭,它永不消亡;它永远为我们保留着一处幽亭,让我们安眠,充满了美梦、健康和宁静的呼吸。这样子,每个翌日的清晨,我们编织绚丽的彩带,把自己跟尘世系牢,不管失望沮丧,也不管无情的人缺少高贵的天性,不管愁苦的岁月,不管我们在求索过程中那满是危险晦暗的道路:是的,抛开那一切,某种形式的美总会揭去笼罩在我们心灵上的黑幕。Such

the

sun,

the

moon,Trees

old

and

young,

sprouting

ashady

boonFor

simple

sheep;

and

such

aredaffodilsWith

the

green

world

they

live

in;

andclear

rillsThat

for

themselves

a

cooling

covertmake’Gainst

the

hot

season;

the

mid-forest

brake,Rich

with

a

sprinkling

of

fair

musk-rose

blooms:And

such

too

is

the

grandeur

of

thedoomsWe

have

imagined

for

the

mightydead;All

lovely

tales

that

we

have

heard

orread:An

endless

fountain

of

immortal

drink,Pouring

unto

us

from

the

heaven’sbrink.看那太阳、月亮,还有为天真的羊群长出遮荫凉棚的古木幼树;又如水仙和它们生活其间的绿茵世界;还有清溪为自己造好凉荫以御炎季;林中灌木,满洒着麝香蔷薇小花:还有我们想象伟大的古人其命运的壮丽;

我们所听到或读到的一切美妙的故事:这都构成无尽的不朽仙泉,从天际注入我们的心田。Endymion

was

a

poem

based

on

the

Greek

myth

of

Endymion

&

the

moon

goddess.

Inthis

poem,

Keats

described

his

imaginationin

an

enchanted

atmosphere-a

lovelymoon-lit

world

where

human

love

&

idealbeauty

were

merged

into

one.

Endymionmarked

a

transitional

phase

in

Keats'spoetry,

though

he

himself

was

not

satisfiedwith

it.Ode

on

a

Grecian

Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode

on

a

Grecian

Urn--by

John

Keats1.THOU

still

unravish'd

bride

of

quietness,Thou

foster-child

of

silence

and

slow

time,Sylvan

historian,

who

canst

thus

expressA

flowery

tale

more

sweetly

than

our

rhyme:What

leaf-fring'd

legend

haunts

about

thyshapeOf

deities

or

mortals,

or

of

both,In

Tempe

or

the

dales

of

Arcady?What

men

or

godsare

these?

Whatmaidens

loth?What

mad

pursuit?

What

struggle

toescape?What

pipes

and

timbrels?

What

wildecstasy?你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子，受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育，呵，田园的史家，你竟能铺叙一个如花的故事，比诗还瑰丽：在你的形体上，岂非缭绕着古老的传说，以绿叶为其边缘；讲着人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？呵，是怎样的人，或神！在舞乐前多热烈的追求！少女怎样地逃躲！怎样的风笛和鼓谣！怎样的狂喜！希腊古瓮颂2.Heard

melodies

are

sweet,

but

thoseunheardAre

sweeter;

therefore,

ye

soft

pipes,play

on;Not

to

the

sensual

ear,

but,

moreendear'd,Pipe

to

the

spirit

ditties

of

no

tone:Fair

youth,

beneath

the

trees,

thoucanst

not

leaveThy

song,

nor

ever

can

those

treesbe

bare;Bold

Lover,

never,

never

canst

thoukiss,Though

winning

near

the

goal—yet,do

not

grieve;She

cannot

fade,

though

thou

hastnot

thy

bliss,For

ever

wilt

thou

love,

and

she

befair!听见的乐声虽好，但若听不见却更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的风笛；不是奏给耳朵听，而是更甜，它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲；

树下的美少年呵，你无法中断你的歌，那树木也落不了叶子；鲁莽的恋人，你永远、永远吻不上，虽然够接近了－－但不必心酸；她不会老，虽然你不能如愿以偿，你将永远爱下去，她也永远秀丽！3.Ah,

happy,

happy

boughs!

thatcannot

shedYour

leaves,

nor

ever

bid

theSpring

adieu;And,

happy

melodist,

unwearied,For

ever

piping

songs

for

evernew;More

happy

love!

more

happy,happy

love!For

ever

warm

and

still

to

beenjoy'd,For

ever

panting,

and

for

everyoung;All

breathing

human

passion

farabove,That

leaves

a

heart

high-sorrowful

and

cloy'd,A

burning

forehead,

and

aparching

tongue.呵，幸福的树木！你的枝叶不会剥落，从不曾离开春天；幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇，他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜；呵，更为幸福的、幸福的爱！永远热烈，正等待情人宴飨，永远热情地心跳，永远年轻；幸福的是这一切超凡的情态：它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤，没有炽热的头脑，焦渴的嘴唇。4.Who

are

these

coming

to

thesacrifice?To

what

green

altar,

Omysterious

priest,Lead'st

thou

that

heifer

lowingat

the

skies,And

all

her

silken

flanks

withgarlands

drest?What

little

town

by

river

or

seashore,Or

mountain-built

with

peacefulcitadel,Is

emptied

of

this

folk,

thispious

morn?And,

little

town,

thy

streets

forevermoreWill

silent

be;

and

not

a

soul

totellWhy

thou

art

desolate,

can

e'erreturn.这些人是谁呵，都去赶祭祀？这作牺牲的小牛，对天鸣叫，你要牵它到哪儿，神秘的祭司？花环缀满着它光滑的身腰。是从哪个傍河傍海的小镇，或哪个静静的堡寨山村，来了这些人，在这敬神的清

？呵，小镇，你的街道永远恬静；再也不可能回来一个灵魂告诉人你何以是这么寂寥。5.O

Attic

shape!

Fair

attitude!with

bredeOf

marble

men

and

maidensoverwrought,With

forest

branches

and

thetrodden

weed;Thou,

silent

form,

dost

teaseus

out

of

thoughtAs

doth

eternity:

Cold

Pastoral!When

old

age

shall

thisgeneration

waste,Thou

shalt

remain,

in

midst

ofother

woeThan

ours,

a

friend

to

man,

towhom

thou

say'st,"Beauty

is

truth,

truth

beauty,"—that

is

allYe

know

on

earth,

and

all

yeneed

to

know.哦，希腊的形状！唯美的观照！上面缀有石雕的男人和女人，还有林木，和践踏过的青草；沉默的形体呵，你象是“永恒”使人超越思想：呵，冰冷的牧歌！等暮年使这一世代都凋落，只有你如旧；在另外的一些忧伤中，你会抚慰后人说：“美即是真，真即是美，”这就包括你们所知道、和该知道的一切。This

is

a

sonnet（十四行诗）,which

Keats

wrote

to

hisgirlfriend

Fanny–Brawne.The