中考英语语法知识点总结与练习

中考英语语法知识点总结与练习中考英语语法是构建语言能力的基石，也是考试中的核心考察内容。扎实掌握这些知识点，不仅能帮助同学们在考试中取得佳绩，更能为未来的英语学习打下坚实基础。本文将对中考英语中常考的核心语法点进行梳理，并配以针对性练习，希望能助力同学们系统复习，查漏补缺。一、动词的时态动词时态是英语语法的灵魂，中考重点考察以下几种：1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*构成：*主语为第三人称单数时，动词后加-s或-es(e.g.,works,watches)。*其他人称用动词原形。*标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year,onSundays等。*例句：Sheusuallywalkstoschool./Theearthgoesaroundthesun.2.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)*用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：动词的过去式(规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆)。*标志词：yesterday,lastweek/month/year,...ago,in2020(过去的年份),justnow,then等。*例句：HewenttoBeijinglastsummer./Iboughtthisbookyesterday.3.一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense)*用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：*will/shall+动词原形(shall多用于第一人称，口语中常用will)。*begoingto+动词原形(表示计划、打算或有迹象要发生)。*标志词：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,inthefuture,in+一段时间等。*例句：Iwillvisitmygrandparentstomorrow./Itisgoingtorain.4.现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)*用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作；现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。*构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词(V-ing)。*标志词：now,atthemoment,look,listen等。*例句：Theyareplayingbasketballnow./Wearestudyinghardthesedays.5.过去进行时(PastContinuousTense)*用法：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间点或另一过去动作（一般过去时）连用。*构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(V-ing)。*例句：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkateightlastnight./Whenhecamein,shewasreading.6.现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense)*用法：*表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for,since引导的时间状语连用。*表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just等词连用。*构成：have/has+动词的过去分词(V-ed)。*标志词：already,yet,ever,never,just,since,for,sofar,inthepastfewyears等。*例句：Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears./Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.时态练习：1.Heoften______(play)footballafterschool.(用所给动词的适当形式填空)2.Myfather______(watch)TVlastnight.(同上)3.They______(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.(同上)4.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.(同上)5.I______(read)abookwhenmymothercameback.(同上)6.We______(learn)Englishforsixyears.(同上)7.—______you______(finish)yourhomeworkyet?—Yes,I______.I______(finish)itanhourago.(同上)二、名词(Nouns)1.可数名词与不可数名词*可数名词：可以计数，有单复数形式。如：book(books),student(students)。*不可数名词：不能直接计数，没有复数形式，表示数量时需借助量词。如：water(aglassofwater),information(apieceofinformation)。*常见不可数名词：water,milk,rice,bread,meat,fish(鱼肉),fruit,news,information,advice,weather,money,time(时间)等。2.名词复数的规则变化*一般加-s:books,pens*以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加-es:buses,boxes,watches,dishes*以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-es:baby(babies),city(cities)*以o结尾的，有生命的加-es(如：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes)，无生命的加-s(如：photo-photos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos)。3.名词复数的不规则变化*man(men),woman(women),child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),sheep(sheep),deer(deer),fish(fish,强调种类时可加-es)。名词练习：1.Therearetwo______(knife)onthetable.2.Ihavealotof______(friend)inmyschool.3.Wouldyoulikesome______(tea)?4.Heboughtthree______(box)ofapplesyesterday.5.Lookatthose______(child).Theyareplayinghappily.三、代词(Pronouns)代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，避免重复。中考重点考察：1.人称代词(PersonalPronouns)*主格(作主语)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*宾格(作宾语)：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them*例句：Sheismysister.Iloveher.2.物主代词(PossessivePronouns)*形容词性物主代词(后接名词)：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*名词性物主代词(后不接名词)：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs*例句：Thisismybook.Thatisyours.3.反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)*myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves*用法：表示动作回到动作执行者本身，或强调某人自己。*例句：HetaughthimselfEnglish./Ididitmyself.代词练习：1.Thisisnot______(I)pen.______(I)isinthepencil-box.2.Myparentsareteachers.______(they)teachinamiddleschool.3.Thelittlegirlcandress______(she)now.4.Isthisbag______(you)?No,it's______(she).5.Weshouldlearnfrom______(they).四、形容词(Adjectives)和副词(Adverbs)1.形容词*用法：修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征。*位置：通常放在名词之前；be动词、系动词（如look,feel,seem,get）之后。*例句：abeautifulflower/Sheishappy./Thesouptastesdelicious.*比较级和最高级：*规则变化：*单音节词和少数双音节词：直接加-er/-est(tall-taller-tallest)；以e结尾加-r/-st(nice-nicer-nicest)；以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est(happy-happier-happiest)；重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加-er/-est(big-bigger-biggest)。*不规则变化：good/well-better-best;bad/badly-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least;far-farther/further-farthest/furthest。2.副词*用法：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。*构成：很多副词由形容词加-ly构成(quick-quickly,careful-carefully)。*位置：*修饰动词时，通常放在动词之后；若是及物动词，放在宾语之后。*修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在被修饰词之前。*例句：Herunsfast./ShespeaksEnglishwell./Thisbookisveryinteresting./Heworksveryhard.*常见副词：very,so,too,much,quite,often,usually,always,sometimes,never,here,there,now,then,fast,slowly,carefully,happily。形容词和副词练习：1.Thisstoryis______(interesting)thanthatone.(用所给形容词的适当形式填空)2.Shesings______(beautiful).Everyonelikeshersongs.(用所给形容词的适当形式填空)3.Whichis______(big),thesunorthemoon?(同上)4.Heisa______(care)boy.Hedoeseverything______(care).(同上)5.Tomruns______(fast)inhisclass.(同上)五、介词(Prepositions)介词是表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。中考常考介词：1.时间介词*at:用于具体时刻(at8o'clock)、固定搭配(atnoon,atnight,atweekends)。*on:用于具体某一天(onMonday,onJune1st,onacoldmorning)。*in:用于年、月、季节、泛指上午/下午/晚上(in2023,inMay,insummer,inthemorning)。*for:表示一段时间(forthreedays,foralongtime)。*since:表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在(since2010,sincelastweek)。*before,after,by,until,during,from...to...2.地点介词*in:在……里面(intheroom,inChina)。*on:在……上面(onthedesk,onthewall)。*at:在……小地点(atthestation,atschool,athome)。*under,behind,infrontof,nextto,between,near,by介词练习：1.Weusuallyhavelunch______12:00.2.Mybirthdayis______October15th.3.Hehaslivedhere______2008.4.Thereisapicture______thewall.5.Thecatissleeping______thechair.6.Iwillfinishmyhomework______anhour.六、情态动词(ModalVerbs)情态动词表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，如能力、许可、义务、推测等。常用情态动词有：can,could,may,might,must,haveto,should,would。*can/could:能，会(表能力)；可以(表许可，could更委婉)。*例句：Icanswim./CouldIborrowyourpen?*may/might:可以(表许可，may比might更正式)；可能(表推测，might可能性更小)。*例句：Youmaygonow./Itmightraintomorrow.*must/haveto:must必须(主观上认为)；haveto不得不(客观上需要)。*例句：Wemustobeytherules./IhavetogotothedoctorbecauseI'mill.*否定：mustn't禁止；don'thaveto/needn't不必。*should:应该(表建议、责任、义务)。*例句：Youshouldstudyhard.情态动词练习：1.You______(must/haveto)bequietinthelibrary.2.______(Can/Must)youspeakFrench?No,Ican't.3.It'slate.I______(haveto/may)gonow.4.You______(shouldn't/needn't)eattoomuchjunkfood.It'sbadforyourhealth.5.—______Iuseyourdictionary?—Yes,you______.(May/Must)七、非谓语动词(Non-finiteVerbs)中考主要考察动词不定式(Infinitive)和动名词(Gerund)的基本用法。1.动词不定式(to+动词原形)*用法：*作主语：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.(常用it作形式主语：ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.)*作宾语：Iwanttogoshopping.(常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want,hope,wish,decide,try,learn,plan,forget,remember,like,love,hate等)*作宾语补足语：Mymotherasksmetocleanmyroom.(常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask,tell,want,teach,allow,help等，help后to可省略)*作目的状语：Hecameheretoseeme.*不带to的不定式：在情态动词后(can,may,must等)；在使役动词let,make,have后作宾补；在感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice后作宾补（强调动作全过程或经常性）。*例句：Let'sgo./Isawhimrunaway.(但被动语态中to要还原：Hewasseentorunaway.)2.动名词(动词+ing形式，相当于名词)*用法：*作主语：Swimmingisgoodexercise.*作宾语：Ienjoyreading.(常见接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep,like,love,hate,stop,remember,forget等)*作介词宾语：Heisgoodatsinging./Thankyouforhelpingme.非谓语动词练习：1.Hewants______(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.2.Mybro