2026年托福英语阅读理解与长篇听力模拟题集

2026年托福英语阅读理解与长篇听力模拟题集说明：本部分涵盖学术文章节选，涉及科技、环境、历史等主题，考察细节理解、推理判断及词汇能力。Passage1:TheImpactofUrbanGreenSpacesonAirQuality（5题，每题2分，共10分）Context:AstudypublishedinEnvironmentalScience&Technologyexamineshowurbangreenspacesreduceairpollutioninmegacities.>CitieslikeBeijingandDelhifacesevereairpollution,primarilyfromvehicleemissionsandindustrialactivities.Researchersanalyzeddatafrom2015to2020across50majorcitiesinAsiaandEurope.Keyfindingsinclude:>1.Parkswithdensetreecanopiesreducedparticulatematter(PM2.5)byupto40%withina1-kilometerradius.>2.GreenwallsonbuildingsloweredlocalNO₂levelsby15–25%.>3.However,thebenefitsdiminishedinareaswithheavytrafficcongestion.>4.Policyinterventionslikemandatorygreenspaceallocationinurbanplanningwerefoundtobemosteffective.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarycauseofairpollutioninDelhi?A)IndustrialwasteB)VehicleemissionsC)NaturaldisastersD)Agriculturalburning(Answer:B)2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasamethodtoimproveairquality?A)PlantingtreesinparksB)ConstructinggreenwallsC)RestrictingvehicleusageD)Increasingindustrialoutput(Answer:D)3.Whatdoesthephrase"diminishedinareaswithheavytrafficcongestion"suggest?A)Greenspacesareuselessincrowdedurbanareas.B)Airpollutionremainshighdespitegreeninitiatives.C)Treesareineffectivewithouttrafficcontrols.D)GreenwallshavenoimpactonNO₂levels.(Answer:B)4.Thestudyimpliesthaturbanplanningshouldprioritize:A)HigherdensitydevelopmentB)ReducedgreenspaceallocationC)MandatoryenvironmentalpoliciesD)Increasedindustrialzones(Answer:C)5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Tocriticizecurrenturbanplanningpolicies.B)Toadvocateformoregreenspacesincities.C)Todebatetheeffectivenessofgreenwalls.D)Tohighlighttheroleofnaturaldisastersinpollution.(Answer:B)Passage2:TheEvolutionofRenewableEnergyPoliciesinGermany（5题，每题2分，共10分）Context:AhistoricalanalysisofGermany’stransitiontorenewableenergyundertheEnergiewendepolicy(2000–2023).>Germany’sdecisiontophaseoutnuclearpowerandreducecoaldependencyin2011markedapivotalmomentinglobalenergypolicy.Keydevelopmentsinclude:>-2020:Renewableenergyaccountedfor46%ofnationalpowergeneration.>-Challenges:Highcostsofsolarsubsidies,gridinfrastructurestrain,andregionalresistancetowindfarms.>-Recentreforms:Carbonpricingintroducedin2023toincentivizeefficiency.>-Internationalimpact:PoliciesinfluencedEUandAsiannationstoaccelerategreentargets.Questions:6.WhatwasthemaingoalofGermany’s2011Energiewendepolicy?A)IncreasecoalproductionB)ExpandnuclearenergyC)ReducefossilfuelrelianceD)Eliminatewindenergysubsidies(Answer:C)7.WhichofthefollowingisachallengetoGermany’srenewableenergygoals?A)Insufficientsunlightinnorthernregions.B)Highconsumerdemandforcoal.C)Resistancefromlocalcommunities.D)Lowefficiencyofsolarpanels.(Answer:C)8.Thepassagesuggeststhatcarbonpricing:A)Willdiscouragerenewableenergyadoption.B)Isanineffectivepolicytool.C)Mayimproveenergyefficiency.D)IsprimarilyaEuropeanissue.(Answer:C)9.HowhasGermany’spolicyinfluencedothercountries?A)Bydiscouraginggreeninitiatives.B)Throughstrictcarbontraderegulations.C)Bysettingaglobalrenewablebenchmark.D)Bybanningwindenergyimports.(Answer:C)10.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?A)ThefailureofGermanenergypolicies.B)Theroleofsubsidiesinrenewablegrowth.C)TheglobalimpactofGermanenergydecisions.D)Theeconomicburdenofnuclearphaseouts.(Answer:C)TOEFLListeningSimulation（10题，每题2分，共20分）说明：本部分基于学术讲座节选，考察学生抓取关键信息、理解学术观点及推断能力。Lecture1:TheArchaeologicalDiscoveryofPompeii（5题，每题2分，共10分）Context:Aprofessordiscussesthe1748excavationofPompeiianditshistoricalsignificance.>"TheeruptionofMountVesuviusin79ADburiedtheRomancityofPompeiiunderash,preservingitforcenturies.Thefirstsystematicdigbeganin1748underKingCharlesIIIofBourbon.Initialfindingsincluded:>-Well-preservedfrescoesandmosaics.>-Evidenceofdailylife,suchasdiningtablesandhouseholdartifacts.>-Adebateoverwhetherthepopulationwaskilledinstantlyorfled.>Laterdiscoveriesrevealedorganizedescaperoutes,suggestingmanydiedfromasphyxiationorpyroclasticflows.Moderntechniquesnowallow3Dreconstructionsofthecity."Questions:11.WhatwastheprimaryreasonPompeiiwaspreserved?A)Itslocationnearthesea.B)Thevolcaniceruption.C)Itsuseasamilitarybase.D)Theconstructionofmodernbuildings.(Answer:B)12.WhatevidencesupportsthetheorythatmanyPompeiianssurvivedtheinitialeruption?A)Buriedcoins.B)Escaperoutemarkers.C)Overgrownruins.D)Animalremains.(Answer:B)13.Howhasarchaeologychangedsincethe1748dig?A)Fewerartifactsarediscovered.B)Moderntechnologyisused.C)Excavationsarebanned.D)Onlycertainareasarestudied.(Answer:B)14.Theprofessorimpliesthatearlierexcavationswere:A)Morethoroughthanmodernones.B)Lesssystematicthantoday’smethods.C)Focusedonlyontemples.D)Conductedbyuntrainedworkers.(Answer:B)15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?A)TocriticizeKingCharlesIII’smethods.B)TodescribePompeii’smodernpreservationefforts.C)Toexplainthechallengesofvolcaniceruptions.D)Toarguefortheimportanceofancientcities.(Answer:B)Lecture2:ThePsychologyofDecision-MakingUnderStress（5题，每题2分，共10分）Context:Apsychologyprofessordiscussescognitivebiasesinhigh-pressuresituations.>"Researchshowsthatstresssignificantlyaltersdecision-making.Forexample,duringthe2008financialcrisis,tradersreliedtooheavilyonrecentdata(recencybias),ignoringlong-termtrends.Studiesonpilotsduringemergenciesreveal'autopilotmode,'whereroutineproceduresoverridecriticaljudgment.However,mindfulnesstrainingcanmitigatetheseeffects.A2022experimentatMITfoundthat30-minutemeditationsessionsimprovedfinancialtraders’accuracyby25%inhigh-stakesscenarios."Questions:16.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisacommoncognitivebiasinstressfulsituations?A)OverconfidenceB)IgnoringrecenteventsC)ExcessiverelianceonpastdataD)Avoidingmeditation(Answer:C)17.Howdidfinancialtradersbehaveduringthe2008crisis?A)Theyprioritizedlong-terminvestments.B)Theyovervaluedriskyassets.C)Theyavoidedalltradingactivity.D)Theyfollowedgovernmentguidelines.(Answer:B)18.Whatistheprofessor’ssolutiontostress-relateddecisionerrors?A)Increasingworkhours.B)Usingmoretechnology.C)Teachingmindfulness.D)Limitingdataaccess.(Answer:C)19.TheMITexperimentsuggeststhat:A)Meditationhasnopracticalbenefits.B)Tradersareinherentlypoordecision-makers.C)Mentaltrainingimprovesperformance.D)Financialcrisesarecausedbymeditation.(Answer:C)20.Whatisthemainfocusofthelecture?A)Thehistoryoffinancialcrises.B)Theroleoftechnologyinstressmanagement.C)Howstressaffectscognitiveprocesses.D)Theimportanceofgovernmentpolicies.(Answer:C)AnswerKey&ExplanationReading(Passage1)1.B-Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlystates,'CitieslikeBeijingandDelhifacesevereairpollution,primarilyfromvehicleemissionsandindustrialactivities.'2.D-Explanation:Thepassageliststreeplanting,greenwalls,andvehiclerestrictionsassolutions,whileincreasingindustrialoutputiscounterproductive.3.B-Explanation:'Diminishedinareaswithheavytrafficcongestion'meansgreeninitiativeswerelesseffectiveduetoongoingpollution.4.C-Explanation:Thefinalsentencesupportsmandatorypoliciesas'mosteffective,'implyinganeedforstructuredenvironmentalmeasures.5.B-Explanation:Thepassageadvocatesformoregreenspaces,asseenintheconclusionaboutpolicyinterventions.Reading(Passage2)6.C-Explanation:'Reducefossilfuelreliance'alignswiththe2011policy’sstatedgoal.7.C-Explanation:'Regionalresistancetowindfarms'ismentionedasachallenge.8.C-Explanation:Carbonpricingincentivizesefficiency,asimpliedby'improveenergyefficiency.'9.C-Explanation:'InfluencedEUandAsiannationstoaccelerategreentargets'showsaglobalimpact.10.C-Explanation:ThepassagehighlightsGermany’spolicyasamodelforothers.Listening(