2026年研究生入学考试英语能力测试题集

2026年研究生入学考试英语能力测试题集一、阅读理解（共4题，每题2分，满分8分）题型说明：每题包含一篇400-600词的学术性短文，后附4个选项。要求根据短文内容选择最恰当的选项。1.(2分)Passage:TherapidexpansionofrenewableenergyinChinahasbeenadefiningfeatureofthecountry'senvironmentalpolicyoverthepastdecade.Solarandwindpowerprojectshavesurged,particularlyinthewesternregions,wherevastlandareasandstrongwindresourcesareavailable.However,expertswarnthattheintegrationoftheseintermittentenergysourcesintothenationalgridposessignificanttechnicalchallenges.Withoutimprovedstoragesolutions,suchasadvancedbatteriesorpumpedhydroelectricsystems,powersupplyinstabilitymayhinderfurthergrowth.ThegovernmenthasinvestedheavilyinR&Dtoaddresstheseissues,butthetimelineforfull-scaleresolutionremainsuncertain.Questions:1.WhatistheprimaryconcernregardingChina'srenewableenergyexpansion?A)Highcostsofsolarandwindprojects.B)Lackoflandinwesternregions.C)Integrationchallengeswiththenationalgrid.D)Insufficientgovernmentinvestment.2.(2分)Passage:TheCOVID-19pandemichasreshapedurbanplanninginEuropeancities,emphasizingtheneedformoresustainableandpeople-centricdesigns.CitieslikeAmsterdamandCopenhagenhaveprioritizedbicycleinfrastructure,reducingcardependencyandimprovingairquality.Meanwhile,digitaltransformationhasaccelerated,withsmarttrafficsystemsandcontactlesspublicservicesbecomingcommonplace.However,criticsarguethatthesechangesdisproportionatelybenefitaffluentneighborhoods,leavingmarginalizedareasbehind.Policymakersarenowexploringinclusivefundingmodelstoensureequitabledevelopment.Questions:2.WhichEuropeancityisnotedforitsbicycle-friendlyinfrastructure?A)LondonB)AmsterdamC)BerlinD)Madrid3.(2分)Passage:Theglobalsemiconductorshortagehasexposedvulnerabilitiesinsupplychains,particularlyintheautomotiveindustry.JapaneseandSouthKoreanmanufacturers,whichrelyheavilyonAmericanandEuropeansuppliers,havefacedproductiondelays.Tomitigatethis,governmentsintheAsia-Pacificregionarepushingforlocalizedsemiconductorproduction,withinvestmentsinVietnamandIndia.However,sucheffortsrequireovercomingtechnologicalandlogisticalhurdles.Industryanalystspredictthatthemarketwillstabilizeby2027,butthelong-termimpactontraderelationsremainsdebatable.Questions:3.Whatregionismostactivelyinvestinginlocalizedsemiconductorproduction?A)NorthAmericaB)EuropeC)Asia-PacificD)SouthAmerica4.(2分)Passage:Climatechangeisacceleratingtheextinctionofmarinespecies,particularlyincoralreefecosystems.Warmeroceantemperaturesandacidificationaredestroyinghabitats,forcingmanyfishandinvertebratestomigrateoradapt.ConservationistsinAustraliaandIndonesiahavelaunchedlarge-scalecoralrestorationprojects,usingartificialreefsandgeneticengineering.Despitetheseefforts,theUNreportwarnsthatwithoutglobalcarbonemissioncuts,90%ofcoralreefscouldvanishby2050.Questions:4.WhichcountryisleadingcoralrestorationeffortsintheAsia-Pacific?A)JapanB)AustraliaC)SingaporeD)Philippines二、完形填空（共5题，每题1分，满分5分）题型说明：每题包含一篇200-300词的短文，其中有5处空白，需根据上下文选择最合适的单词填入。Passage:ThedigitaleconomyhastransformedhowsmallbusinessesoperateinruralIndia.Withinternetpenetrationincreasing,farmerscannowaccessreal-timemarketpricesandavoidexploitationbyintermediaries.E-commerceplatformslikeAmazonandFlipkarthaveopenednewrevenuestreams,enablingartisanstoselltraditionalhandicraftsglobally.However,challengespersist.Manyentrepreneurslackdigitalliteracy,andunreliableinfrastructureinremoteareashinderslogistics.Thegovernment’sinitiativetoprovidefreeWi-Fiinvillagesaimstobridgethisgap,butsuccessdependsonsustainedinvestmentandtrainingprograms.Questions:1.Theword"transformed"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:A)damagedB)revolutionizedC)wastedD)ignored2.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutfarmersinruralIndia?A)Theyarefullydependentonintermediaries.B)Theybenefitfrominternetaccess.C)Theyopposee-commerceplatforms.D)Theylackawarenessofmarketprices.3.Thephrase"avoidexploitation"implies:A)Farmersareforcedtosellatlowprices.B)Middlemenmanipulatemarketrates.C)Smallbusinessesthrivewithoutcompetition.D)Governmentsubsidiesaresufficient.4.Whatisamajorobstacletodigitaladoptioninruralareas?A)Highinternetcosts.B)Lackofgovernmentsupport.C)Insufficienttrainingprograms.D)Overrelianceontraditionalmethods.5.Thesentence"successdependsonsustainedinvestmentandtrainingprograms"suggests:A)Immediateprofitsarepossiblewithoutinvestment.B)Long-termgrowthrequiressupport.C)Digitalliteracyaloneisenough.D)Governmentinitiativesareineffective.三、翻译（共2题，每题5分，满分10分）题型说明：每题要求将划线部分翻译成英文，保持原意且语言流畅。1."TherapidurbanizationinChinahasledtoaseverehousingshortage,particularlyinfirst-tiercitieslikeBeijingandShanghai."（划线部分："severehousingshortage"）2."TheEuropeanUnion'sgreendealaimstoreducecarbonemissionsby55%by2030,requiringsignificantindustrialreformsacrossmemberstates."（划线部分："industrialreforms"）四、写作（共1题，满分15分）题型说明：写一篇200-250词的议论文，题目自拟。Prompt:"Discusstheimportanceofinterdisciplinarycollaborationinaddressingclimatechange.Provideexamplesfromatleasttwofields."答案与解析一、阅读理解1.C)Integrationchallengeswiththenationalgrid.解析:文中明确提到可再生能源（如太阳能、风能）因缺乏储能解决方案导致电网整合困难。2.B)Amsterdam解析:第二段首句指出阿姆斯特丹优先发展自行车基础设施，是欧洲典范。3.C)Asia-Pacific解析:第三段提到越南、印度等地因供应链问题推动本地芯片生产，属亚洲区域。4.B)Australia解析:第四段提及澳大利亚大规模珊瑚修复项目，是亚洲-太平洋地区的代表。二、完形填空1.B)revolutionized解析:"transformed"强调数字经济的颠覆性影响，与原文语境匹配。2.B)Theybenefitfrominternetaccess.解析:文中说明农民通过互联网获取市场信息，避免被中间商剥削。3.B)Middlemenmanipulatemarketrates.解析:"exploitation"指中间商压低价格，暗示其操纵市场。4.C)Insufficienttrainingprograms.解析:第四段直接指出创业者缺乏数字技能，是主要障碍。5.B)Long-termgrowthrequiressupport.解析:"sustainedinvestmentandtraining"表明持续支持对成功至关重要。三、翻译1."severehousingshortage"→"acutehousingshortage"解析:"acute"更符合中国大城市住房紧张的现实。2."industrialreforms"→"industrialrestructuring"解析:"restructuring"更准确反映欧盟产业转型方向。四、写作参考范文Title:ThePowerofInterdisciplinaryCollaborationinCombatingClimateChangeClimatechangeisoneofthemostpressingchallengesofthe21st