《能源学术英语》第2册 课件 Unit 1 Text 1 Historical Per Capita Energy Consumption

TextAHistoricalPerCapitaEnergyConsumption

Unit1EnergyandCivilizationWarmingupDiscussthefollowingquestionsingroups:Whattypesofenergydidyourgrandparentsuseintheirchildhood?Andwhatdidtheyuseenergyfor?Whattypesofenergydidyourparentsuseintheirchildhood?Andwhatdidtheyuseenergyfor?Whattypesofenergydoyouusenow?Andwhatdoyouuseenergyfor?

WarmingupGrandparents:firewoodhaykerosenelampWarmingupParents:coalelectricityLPG(liquefiedpetroleumgas)WarmingupYou:naturalgassolarwindnuclearFamilyhistoryofenergyconsumptionhumanhistoryofenergyconsumptionWarmingupWarmingupHistoryofenergyevolutionHistoryofhumanevolutionGlobalreadingClosereadingSummaryTextUnderstandingGlobalreadingParas.

2|7Para.1Para.8Paras.3|8Paras.1-2Paras.2|8Para.1Whichisthestructureofthistext?introductionbodyGlobalreadingWhatorganizationpatternisthemainbodyofthetext?A.classificationB.cause-effectC.chronologicalD.comparisonandcontrastGlobalreadingClosereadingSummaryTextUnderstandingClosereadingParas.3|8introductionbodyParas.1-2Whichsentenceisthethesisstatementofthetext?“Globalenergyconsumptioncanbeputinperspectivebyconsideringtheamountofenergyconsumedbyindividuals.”Wherecanwefindthethesisstatementofatext?Usuallyattheendofthebeginningpart(introduction).ClosereadingIntroduction:Paras.1-2Whatdoesthethesisstatementmean?Canyouparaphrasethissentence?“Globalenergyconsumptioncanbeputinperspectivebyconsideringtheamountofenergyconsumedbyindividuals.”inperspective:correctlyregardedintermsofrelativeimportanceput…inperspective:correctlyunderstandsth.→Itispropertounderstandenergyconsumptionbyusingpercapitaamountofconsumption.ClosereadingIntroduction:Paras.1-2ClosereadingIntroduction:ReadingatableWherearethesixhistoricalperiodsinthetable?Whattypesofenergyareincluded?Whatisthehistoricaltrendofenergyconsumption?CompletethefollowingdescriptionofTable1withwordsorphrases.Theinitiallettershavebeenprovidedforyou.Table1presentsthed____________consumptionofenergyinfourareasincludingf____,h____andc________,i_______anda_________,andt____________insixhistoricalp_____--p_______,hunting,p_________________,advancedagricultural,i________andt___________.Itcanbeseenthatthroughouthumanhistory,boththetypesofenergyandthea______ofenergyconsumptionhavegraduallyi________.dailypercapitahomecommercetransportationperiodsprimitiveamountincreasedfoodindustryagricultureprimitiveagriculturalindustrialtechnologicalClosereadingIntroduction:ReadingatableCompletethefollowingdescriptionofTable1withwordsorphrases.Theinitiallettershavebeenprovidedforyou.Table1presentsthedailypercapitaconsumptionofenergyinfourareasincludingfood,homeandcommerce,industryandagriculture,andtransportationinsixhistoricalperiods--primitive,hunting,primitiveagricultural,advancedagricultural,industrialandtechnological.Itcanbeseenthatthroughouthumanhistory,boththetypesofenergyandtheamountofenergyconsumptionhavegraduallyincreased.ClosereadingIntroduction:ReadingatableClosereadingParas.1-2Paras.3|8introductionbodyHowcanwefindthemainideaofaparagraphquicklyandeasily?TrytofindthetopicsentencesofParas.3-8.TopicsentenceClosereadingParas.3-8:GistInancienttimes,energywasconsumedintheformoffood.TheabilitytocontrolfireduringtheHuntingperiodletpeopleusewoodtoheatandcook.ThePrimitiveAgriculturalperiodwascharacterizedbythedomesticationofanimals.MoreenergywasconsumedduringtheAdvancedAgriculturalperiodwhenpeoplelearnedtousecoal,andbuiltmachinestoharvestthewindandwater.ThesteamengineusheredintheIndustrialperiod.Itprovidedameansoftransformingheatenergytomechanicalenergy.ThemodernTechnologicalperiodisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofinternalcombustionengines,andapplicationsofelectricity.ClosereadingParas.3-8:TopicsentencesInancienttimes,energywasconsumedintheformoffood.TheabilitytocontrolfireduringtheHuntingperiodletpeopleusewoodtoheatandcook.ThePrimitiveAgriculturalperiodwascharacterizedbythedomesticationofanimals.MoreenergywasconsumedduringtheAdvancedAgriculturalperiodwhenpeoplelearnedtousecoal,andbuiltmachinestoharvestthewindandwater.ThesteamengineusheredintheIndustrialperiod.Itprovidedameansoftransformingheatenergytomechanicalenergy.ThemodernTechnologicalperiodisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofinternalcombustionengines,andapplicationsofelectricity.ClosereadingParas.3-8:TopicsentencesPeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyPrimitiveHuntingPrimitiveAgriculturalAdvancedAgriculturalIndustrialTechnologicalReadParas.3-8tofillinthetablebelow.ClosereadingParas.3-8:FillingatableClosereadingPeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyPrimitivefoodessentialforlifePara.3ClosereadingPeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyHuntingprovidelightfirewoodheatandcookPara.4PeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyPrimitiveAgriculturalanimalshelppeoplegrowcropsClosereadingPara.5PeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyAdvancedAgriculturalcoalwindwaterpushsailingshipsgenerateheattransportationdrivemillsClosereadingPara.6PeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyIndustriallargevehiclesoilmechanicalenergysteamcoalsteamenginesClosereadingPara.7PeriodMajorenergytypesUseofenergyTechnologicalelectricityinternalcombustionenginesoiltransportationelectricmotorselectriclightsClosereadingPara.8PeriodMajorEnergytypesUseofenergyPrimitivefoodessentialforlifeHuntingfirewoodheatandcook,providelightPrimitiveAgriculturalanimalshelppeoplegrowcropsAdvancedAgriculturalcoal,wind,waterpushsailingships,drivemills,generateheat,transportationIndustrialmechanicalenergy,steam,coal,oilsteamengines,largevehiclesTechnologicaloil,electricityinternalcombustionengines,transportation,electricmotors,electriclightsClosereadingParas.3-8:FillingatablePeriodMajorEnergytypesUseofenergyEnergyconsumption(kcal)Primitivefoodessentialforlife2,000Huntingfirewoodheatandcook,providelight5,000PrimitiveAgriculturalanimalshelppeoplegrowcrops12,000AdvancedAgriculturalcoal,wind,waterpushsailingships,drivemills,generateheat,transportation26,000Industrialmechanicalenergy,steam,coal,oilsteamengines,largevehicles77,000Technologicaloil,electricityinternalcombustionengines,transportation,electricmotors,electriclights230,000PeriodMajorEnergytypesUseofenergyPrimitivefoodessentialforlifeHuntingfirewoodheatandcook,providelightPrimitiveAgriculturalanimalshelppeoplegrowcropsAdvancedAgriculturalcoal,wind,waterpushsailingships,drivemills,generateheat,transportationIndustrialmechanicalenergy,steam,coal,oilsteamengines,largevehiclesTechnologicaloil,electricityinternalcombustionengines,transportation,electricmotors,electriclightsClosereadingPara.3-8:FillingatableGlobalreadingClosereadingSummaryTextUnderstandingClosereadingWorkingroups.Usethepicturestotrytonarratethehistoryofenergydevelopmentinhumancivilization.SummaryLanguageFocusTitle:HistoricalPerCapitaEnergyConsumptionpercapita

(adj.)thetotalamountofsthinacountryorareadividedbythenumberofpeopleinthatcountryorarea人均的e.g.IndiaandChinahavebeenvocalindemandingthatrich,developedcountries,suchastheUnitedStates,taketheleadincuttingcarbonemissions,whichexceedtheirsonapercapitabasis.印度和中国一直公开要求美国等富裕的发达国家在削减碳排放方面率先行动，因为这些国家的人均碳排放量超过了印度和中国。LanguageFocusSocietieshavedependedondifferenttypesofenergyinthepast,andsocietieshavebeenforcedtochangefromoneenergytypetoanother.Q:Whyistheword“society”inpluralform?society(uncountable):peopleingeneral,thoughtofasalargeorganizedgroupsociety(countable):aparticularcommunityofpeoplewhosharethesamecustoms,laws,etc.社会形态e.g.demandcreatedbyaconsumersociety消费型社会所产生的需求LanguageFocusPara.1Globalenergyconsumptioncanbeputinperspectivebyconsideringtheamountofenergyconsumedbyindividuals.putinperspective:正确对待、正确理解e.g.Understandingthepatternofpositiveandnegativeemotionswillhelpyouputyourfeelingsinperspective.理解积极情绪与消极情绪的变化模式可以帮助你正确对待情绪问题。LanguageFocusPara.1Cookassumedtheonlysourceofenergyconsumedbyapersonlivingduringtheperiodlabeled“Primitive”wasfood.Q:Canyouanalyzethesentencestructureandtranslateit?

→Cookassumedtheonlysourceofenergy…wasfood.库克认为，生活在被称为“原始”时期的人所消耗的唯一能量来源就是食物。Cookassumedtheonlysourceofenergyconsumedbyapersonlivingduringtheperiodlabeled“Primitive”wasfood.LanguageFocusPara.3主语谓语宾语从句主语(energy的定语)(person的定语)(period的定语)（从句谓语+表语）Energyisessentialforlife,andfoodwasthefirstsourceofenergy.essential

(adj.)~(to/forsth)|~(todosth)|~(that…)completelynecessary;extremelyimportantinaparticularsituationorforaparticularactivity完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的e.g.Energyconservationisessentialforsustainabledevelopment.LanguageFocusPara.3Achangeintemperatureof1°Cisequaltoachangeintemperatureof1.8degreesFahrenheit(°F).beequalto:等于e.g.Theannualenergyconsumptionofanaveragehouseholdcanbeequaltotheenergygeneratedbyasmallwindturbineinoneyear.一个普通家庭一年的能源消耗量可能相当于一台小型风力发电机在一年内所产生的能量。LanguageFocusPara.3ThePrimitiveAgriculturalperiodwascharacterizedbythedomesticationofanimals.becharacterizedby:…的特点是，以…为特征e.g.Thelastdecadewascharacterizedbytheincreaseduseoffirstgenerationbiofuels.过去的十年以不断增加的第一代生物燃料使用为特征。LanguageFocusPara.5Theabilitytogrowmorefoodthantheyneededbecametheimpetusforcreatinganagriculturalindustry.Q:Canyouanalyzethesentencestructureandtranslateit?agriculturalindustry:meaning?Translation:他们能够种植的食物比自己所需的更多，这成为创造农业产业的推动力。LanguageFocusPara.5Theabilitytogrowmorefoodthantheyneededbecametheimpetusforcreatinganagriculturalindustry.主语谓语宾语ability的定语impetus的定语Cook’sestimateofthedailypercapitaenergyconsumptionforpeopleintheFertileCrescentcirca5000BCwas12,000kilocalories(about50megajoules).LanguageFocusPara.5FertileCrescent:theregionwherethefirstsettledagriculturalcommunitiesoftheMiddleEastandMediterraneanbasinarethoughttohaveoriginatedbytheearly9thmillenniumBCE.TheFertileCrescentincludesaroughlycrescent-shapedareaofrelativelyfertilelandwhichprobablyhadamoremoderate,agriculturallyproductiveclimateinthepastthantoday.新月沃土MoreenergywasconsumedduringtheAdvancedAgriculturalperiodwhenpeoplelearnedtousecoal,andbuiltmachinestoharvestthewindandwater.harvest

(v.)

collectalargenumberofthings,oftenbymakinggreatefforts收集，获取e.g.Inhisnewcareerasarestaurateurhehasblossomedandharvestedmanyawards.转行经营餐饮之后，他在事业上大获成功并获得了许多奖项。LanguageFocusPara.6BytheearlyRenaissance,peoplewereusingwindtopushsailingships,watertodrivemills,andwoodandcoalforgeneratingheat.Q:Whyispastcontinuoustenseusedtogetherwiththepreposition“by”?Compare:BytheearlyRenaissance,peoplehadusedwindtopushsailingships…BytheearlyRenaissance,peoplewereusingwindtopushsailingships…BytheearlyRenaissance,peoplehadbeenusingwindtopushsailingships…Pastcontinuoustenseimpliesthattheactionhadbeencontinuing,andissimplerthanpastperfectcontinuoustense.LanguageFocusPara.6ThesteamengineusheredintheIndustrialperiod.usherin

(v.phrase)tobethebeginningofsthnewortomakesthnewbegin开创，开启e.g.Letusjoinhandstostrengthenourgood-neighborlyrelationship,deepencomprehensivecooperation,createabrightfuture,andusherinanAsiancentury.让我们携起手来，加强睦邻友好，深化全面合作，共创美好未来，迎接亚洲世纪的到来！LanguageFocusPara.7Coal,afossilfuel,eventuallyreplacedwoodandhayastheprimaryenergysourceinindustrializednations.primaryenergysource:thefundamentalsourcesofenergythatareusedtogeneratepower.Theyencompassdifferenttypesofenergy,includingnuclearenergy,fossilenergy(suchasoil,coal,andnaturalgas),andrenewablesourceslikewind,solar,geothermal,andhydropower.Thesesourcesundergoconversionprocessestoproduceelectricity,whichisconsideredasecondaryenergysource.LanguageFocusPara.7Coalwasusefulasafuelsourceforlargevehicles,suchastrainsandships,butoflimiteduseforpersonaltransportation.oflimiteduse:作用有限ofuse,of…use:e.g.Thecontentsofthebookletshouldbeofusetoallstudents.Youcanthrowthoseaway--they’reofnousetoanyone.Itcanbeofgreatusetotheorganisationwhoaretryingtofindaconnectwiththeconsumers.LanguageFocusPara.7Oil,anotherfossilfuel,wasaliquidandcontainedmoreenergyperunitmassthancoal.unitmass:单位质量mass:thequantityofmaterialthatsthcontains（物理学）质量e.g.AstronomersknowthatPlutoandTritonhavenearlythesamesize,mass,anddensity.天文学家知道冥王星与海卫一拥有几乎相同的体积、质量与密度。LanguageFocusPara.7ThemodernTechnologicalperiodisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofinternalcombustionengines,andapplicationsofelectricity.beassociatedwith:与…有关e.g.Caffeineconsumptionbychildrenisassociatedwithdepression,sleepproblemsandobesity.儿童的抑郁症、睡眠问题和肥胖问题与摄入的咖啡因有关。LanguageFocusPara.8Internalcombustionenginesuseoilandcanvarywidelyinsize.varyinsize:bedifferentinsizevaryin…varyincolorvaryinbrightnessvaryinagevaryinfrequencyandintensity频率和强度不同LanguageFocusPara.8Theinternalcombustionenginecouldbescaledtofitonawagonandcreate“horselesscarriages”.scale:

(v.)tochangethesizeofsthe.g.Textcanbescaledfrom4pointsto108pointswithoutanylossofquality.文字可以在4号到108号之间调节，印刷质量丝毫不会降低。fit:

(v.)tobeoftherightsize,typeornumbertogosomewhere（大小、式样、数量适合）可容纳，装进e.g.I’dliketohaveadeskintheroombutitwon’tfit.LanguageFocusPara.8LanguagePracticeenergyconsumption能源消耗generateheat发热thequalityoflife生活质量beequalto等于put...inperspective正确看待某事degreeCentigrade摄氏度societaldevelopment社会发展degreeFahrenheit华氏度beessentialfor对…极为重要sourceofenergy能源becharacterizedby具有…特征residentialsetting居住环境domesticationofanimals动物驯养steamengine蒸汽机growcrops种植庄稼mechanicalenergy机械能cultivatefields耕田industrializednations工业化国家electricmotor电动机unitmass单位质量electriclight电灯beassociatedwith与…有关performwork从事工作internalcombustionengines内燃机sailingship帆船primaryenergy初级能源Task4:PhrasesLanguagePracticeTask5:Translation_____________________________(人均能源消耗)inthecountryisverylow.Understandingthepatternofpositiveandnegativeemotionswillhelpyou_____________________________(正确对待情感问题).Water_______________________(对生物来说是必不可少的).Thatmaysoundalot,butit________________________(只相当于国民生产总值的0.6%）.Thecity________________________________________________（有着钢和玻璃结构的现代高层建筑）.Ithasbeenwelldocumentedthatthecancerrisks________________________(与吸烟有关).The

percapitaenergyconsumption(to)putyourfeelingsinperspectiveisequaltoonly0.6%ofGDPischaracterizedbytallmodernbuildingsinsteelandglassareassociatedwithsmokingisessentialforlivingthingsCriticalThinkingWhatismissinginthestructureofthistext?Paras.1-2Paras.

3|8introductionbodyconclusionCriticalThinkingTypesofconclusions:Arestatementofthetopic/introductionAgeneralizationofthebodyAquotationoranecdotetoreinforcet