2026年九年级中考英语二轮复习专题八 动词和动词短语课件

动词和动词短语专题八目录专题要点明晰考点分类讲练专题语篇精练动词是表示动作或状态的词。类别用法例词按句法功能

实义动词不及物动词表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语后面不能直接跟宾语go,swim,work,die...及物动词后面直接跟宾语ask,say,find,use...类别用法例词按句法功能系动词连接主语和表语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,不能独立作谓语am/is/are,look,feel,seem...助动词只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示疑问、否定、时态等,本身无意义或意义不完全,不能独立作谓语do,does,did,am/is/are,have,will,would...类别用法例词按句法功能情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,一般没有人称和数的变化,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,不能独立作谓语can,may,must,could,would,should,might...按意义状态动词描述状态,表示相对静止的动词like,hate,love...动作动词

延续性动词表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态live,learn,keep,drink...非延续性动词表示行为或过程是瞬间完成的leave,come,go,arrive...课标要求掌握五个方面的内容:动词的基本形式、及物动词和不及物动词、系动词、助动词以及情态动词。中考高频考点:动词及动词短语的词义辨析、动词的基本用法等。(注:情态动词、动词的时态、非谓语动词等考试重点将在其余专题中单独详细呈现。)考点1

实义动词实义动词顾名思义就是有实际意义的动词,表示动作或状态,在句中能够独立作谓语。类型说明用法例句及物动词本身意思不完整,必须加宾语主要用于以下三种句型中:①主+谓+宾②主+谓+宾+宾补③主+谓+宾+宾Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoor?你能打开门吗?Thestorymademerelaxed.这个故事让我很放松。MayIaskyouaquestion?我能问你一个问题吗?1.实义动词按照句法功能,可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。类型说明用法例句不及物动词自身意思完整,无需加宾语主要用于以下句型中:①主+谓②主+谓+状语Whathappened?怎么了?Theyworkinafactory.他们在一家工厂工作。2.实义动词按照其意义,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两类。类型用法例句延续性动词表示一种可延续的动作或状态Ihavelivedherefortenyears.我在这里生活十年了。

非延续性动词(短暂性动词)表示行为或动作瞬间完成,不可延续Helefttheofficefiveminutesago.他五分钟前离开了办公室。【特别提醒】(1)只有及物动词能用于被动语态。Themeetingwillbeheldinanhour.会议将在一小时后举行。(2)非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如果想要表达一个非延续性动作持续了多久,要先将其转换为相应的延续性动词。Theoldmandied4yearsago.这位老人四年前去世了。→Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.这位老人已经去世4年了。(3)非延续性动词在否定结构中可与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示持续的动作或状态。Ihaven’tseenhimforayear.我有一年没见过他了。▶

考点专练1.(2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)—Thebookisworthreading.HowlongmayI

it?—

aweek.

A.keep;For B.borrow;For C.lend;In D.stay;In2.(2024绥化改编)Hurryup!Themovie

fortenminutes.A.hasbegun B.began C.hasbeenon D.was3.在过去,很多河流被严重地污染了,但现在它们被清理干净了。Inthepast,manyrivers

seriously,butnowtheyarecleanedup.ACwerepolluted4.放轻松。别把自己逼得如此紧。

.Don’tpushyourselfsohard.5.Hisbrotherhasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(改为同义句)Hisbrother

thearmythreeyears

.6.Cathy’sparentsgotmarriedtwenty-fiveyearsago.(改为同义句)Cathy’sparents

marriedfortwenty-fiveyears.Justrelaxjoinedagohavebeen7.(2024重庆A卷)Helen,a,cake,me,bought(连词成句)

.8.sang,to,they,me,abirthdaysong(连词成句)

.HelenboughtmeacakeTheysangabirthdaysongtome

考点2

系动词系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语(通常为名词或形容词)一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态。用法例词例句表状态be,stay,keep,seemWeareinGrade9thisyear.今年我们上九年级。表感官look,sound,smell,taste,feelThestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来很有趣。表变化become,turn,get,goLeavesturnyellowinfall.树叶在秋天变黄。▶

考点专练用适当的感官动词填空1.Thiscakedoesn’t

verydelicious.2.—Dad,whatareyoucooking?It

sogood.—Themaindishforourdinner.Youwilllikeit.3.—Whatdoyouthinkofthispieceofmusic?—It

beautifulbutalittlesad.4.—Yourskirt

sospecial.—Ohyes,it’sverypopularthesedays.It’scalledmamianqun.5.Thescarf

soft.Ilikeitverymuch.tastesmellssoundslooksfeels考点3

助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完全,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气,以及否定和疑问结构。助动词常见结构及用法例句be(am/is/are/was/were)“be+过去分词”构成被动语态ItismadeinChina.它产于中国。“be+doing”构成进行时态Heisreadingnow.他正在读书。do(does/did)“Do+主语+动词原形+其他?”构成一般疑问句Doyoulikeapples?你喜欢苹果吗?助动词常见结构及用法例句do(does/did)“主语+don’t+动词原形+其他.”构成否定句Idon’tlikeapples.我不喜欢苹果。“do+动词原型”表示强调Idolikeapples.我的确喜欢苹果。have(has/had)“have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时Ihavefinishedit.我已经做完了。“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时Whenshearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.当她到达车站时,火车已经开走了。▶

考点专练1.(2024牡丹江)Bobsetoutonhisnewjourneythismorning.(改为一般疑问句)

Bob

outonhisnewjourneythismorning?2.Thevolunteerswerewashingclothesfortheold.(改为一般疑问句)

thevolunteers

clothesfortheold?3.He’salreadyhandedinhishomework.(改为一般疑问句)

healready

inhishomework?4.昨天晚上一些父母被邀请去参加学校音乐会。Someparents

totheschoolconcertlastnight.DidsetWerewashingHashandedwereinvited考点4

动词短语一、常见同一动词的不同搭配单词短语looklookafter照料;照顾lookfor寻找;寻求

lookforwardto盼望;期待lookthrough快速查看;浏览lookbackat回首(往事);回忆;回顾lookup(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看lookupto钦佩;仰慕 lookat看;注视单词短语turnturnright/left向右/左转turndown拒绝;调低turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开turn...into变成turnoff关掉turnup开大;调高

turnaround转身taketakeup(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做takeafter(外貌或行为)像takecareof照顾;处理takedown拆除;往下拽;记录

takeoff脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞takein吸入takeout取出;带……出去单词短语taketakepartin参加takeone’splace取代某人takeplace发生takepridein以……为骄傲takeaway拿走taketurns依次;轮流callcall(sb.)back(给某人)回电话

callup打电话给(某人);征召callin召来;叫来givegiveaway赠送;捐赠 giveout分发;散发giveup放弃 give...alift捎……一程getgetdressed穿上衣服getlost迷路getto到达 getup起床;站起单词短语getgetinto陷入;参与

getmarried结婚geton上车 getoff下车getonwith和睦相处;关系良好getoutof离开;从……出来getinthewayof挡……的路;妨碍getmad大动肝火;气愤getusedto习惯于 getdown下来getover克服 gettogether相聚getback回来;恢复;取回getreadyfor...为……做好准getawayfrom远离单词短语cutcutdown砍倒cutup切碎cutoff切除 cutout删除;删去runrunaway跑开runout(of)用尽;耗尽runafter追逐;追赶comecomeon快点儿 cometrue实现;成为现实comeupwith想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)comeacross(偶然)遇见 comein进来comeover顺便来访comeout开花;出版

comeback回来;恢复comefrom出生于;来自单词短语bringbringout使显现;使表现出bringback使恢复;使想起;带回fallfalldown倒下;跌倒;倒塌fallasleep进入梦乡;睡着fallinlovewith爱上;喜欢上fallover绊倒gogoalong(thestreet)沿着(这条街)走goout外出(娱乐)gooff(闹钟)发出响声goby(时间)逝去;过去gooutofone’sway特地;格外努力

goover走过去;复习;仔细检查goaway走开goback回去godown下降 goon继续单词短语keepkeep...tooneself保守秘密

keep...awayfrom避免接近;远离

keepone’scool沉住气;保持冷静keepondoingsth.坚持做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事makemakeawish许愿 makefriends结交朋友makeone’sbed铺床makesure确保;查明makeup编造(故事、谎言等)makeadifference影响;有作用makeone’sway前往;费力地前进

单词短语makemake...feelathome使(某人)感到宾至如归makeamess弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)makeaneffort作出努力makeone’sowndecision自己做决makealiving谋生setsetup建起;建立setoff(sth.)点燃;使……爆炸setout出发;启程单词短语putputup搭起;举起putoff推迟puton增加(体重);发胖putsth.togooduse好好利用某物putaway收拾(整理)好 putout熄灭putdown写下;放下put...into...把……放进……二、常见不同动词与同一介词或副词的搭配单词短语upcheerup(使)变得高兴;振奋起来cleanup打扫(或清除)干净dressup装扮;乔装打扮endup最终成为;最后处于fixup修理;装饰fillup装满;填补growup长大;成熟 hurryup赶快;急忙makeup编造;组成;化妆mixup混淆;弄混pickup捡起;接电话;开始从事showup赶到;露面

standup站立stayup熬夜

useup用光wakeup醒来;叫醒单词短语foraskfor请求preparefor...为……做准备thanksb.for...为……而感谢某人searchfor搜索;查找

leavefor动身去payfor为……付钱

waitfor等待fromlearnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……来信separate...from...把……与……分开outblowout吹灭breakout爆发carryout执行 checkout察看;观察单词短语outclearout清理;丢掉 findout查明;弄清handout分发hangout闲逛;常去某处leaveout不包括;不提及;忽略pointout指出

sellout卖光tryout选拔;试验

workout成功地发展;解决;计算出downbreakdown停止运转,出故障diedown逐渐变弱;逐渐消失let...down使……失望 liedown躺下pull...down拆下;摧毁 sitdown坐下writedown写下;记录下单词短语aboutthinkabout考虑worryabout担心talkabout谈论 argueabout争论careabout关心;在意hearabout听说

know/learnabout了解withplaywithsb.和某人一起玩agreewith同意;赞成begin/startwith以……开始catchupwith赶上compare...with...与……相比;对比

connect...with...把……和……连接或联系起来单词短语withdealwith应付;处理endupwith以……结束talkwith和……交谈onholdon等一等(别挂电话)agreeon对……意见一致callon访问,拜访 decideon决定;选定dependon依靠;依赖;视……而定;取决于live/feedon...靠……为生;以……为食tryon试穿

workon从事;忙于atarriveat到达(小地点)pointat指向单词短语atshoutat对……大声叫喊 laughat嘲笑throwat扔向ofthinkof想到hearof听说dreamof向往 dieof死于……remindsb.of提醒某人tolistento听stickto坚持belongto属于 agreeto同意leadto导致payattentionto关注;注意▶

考点专练

1.(2024淮安)—Ithinkyourgrandfathershould

smoking.—Iagree.Smokingisbadforhishealth.A.putup B.giveup C.pickup D.takeup2.(2024徐州)Iamplanningto

thenewhobbyinthesummerholiday.Iwon’tspendmysparetimeonmymobilephonealldaylong.A.pickup B.turnupC.getup D.lookup3.(2024滨州)—Mom,wouldyouliketohelpmeclearouttheseoldclothes?—Oh,theyarestillingoodcondition.Let’s

topeopleinneed.A.givethemaway B.washthemawayC.throwthemaway D.keepthemaway4.(2024连云港)Toliveagreenlife,weshouldrememberto

thelightswhenweleavearoom.A.turnon B.turnoffC.turnup D.turndown5.(2024宿迁)InSwitzerland,acountrywithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes,people

itsrichresourcestolive.A.carryon B.tryonC.dependon D.puton6.(2024通辽)千里之行,始于足下。Athousand-milejourney

thefirststep.7.(2024枣庄)学好英语可以使这个目标实现。LearningEnglishwellcanmakethegoal

.begins/startswithcometrue8.(2024达州)木兰女扮男装,替父从军。Mulandresseduplikeaboyand

herfather’s

tofightinthearmy.9.(2024天津)他的新书将于明年出版。Hisnewbookwill

nextyear.10.(2024重庆B卷)我们应该学会照顾自己。Weshouldlearnto

ourselves.tookplacecomeoutlookafter完形填空

ThisisTammelaSchool,aprimaryschoolinFinland.Nowthestudentsare

1

amathclasswiththeirrobotteacher.The“teacher”isasmall,bluemachineabout25cmhigh,the