水利英语 课件 U5 Hydraulic Engineering Construction

Unit5

HydraulicEngineeringConstruction1.understanddifferenttechnologiesofhydraulicengineeringconstruction;2understandthebasicfunctionsofhydraulicengineeringtechnologies;3.knowabouttheprocedurerequirementsofhydraulicengineering;4.learnabouttheBaihetanHydropowerStationanditsconstruction.Afterlearningthisunit,youshould:

PartⅠLead-in

PartⅡProfessionZoomIn

PartⅢCareerZoomIn

PartⅣReal-LifePracticeTask1Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions.PartⅠ

Lead-in1.Whatelementsaretiedtohydraulicengineeringconstruction?2.Whatfactorsmayadddifficultiestohydraulicconstruction?3.Listsometechnologiesofhydraulicconstructionthatyouhaveknown.Task

2Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.PartⅠ

Lead-in(A=lecturer;B=student)A:Doyouknowwhathydraulicengineeringismainlyabout?Hydraulicengineeringisconcernedwiththe(1)__________andconveyanceoffluids,principallywater.Great.Whatdoyouthinkarethebenefitsofhydraulicconstruction?Hydraulicengineeringcanintegratewater(2)___________toimprovesociety’sdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Whatfactorsneedtobeconsideredwhenconstructinghydropowerstations?Thequalityofconstructionmaterialsandthesuitableengineering(3)_____________allneedtobetakenintoconsideration.Howcanexpertsevaluatewhetherahydraulicprojectiswellconstructed?Theycanevaluatefromthestabilityanddurabilityofhydraulic(4)__________.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthefunctionsofhydraulicprojects?Ithinkthefunctionsofhydraulicprojectsmainlyincludepower(5)__________,floodcontrolandirrigation.B:flowB:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:resourcestechnologiesprojectgenerationPartⅠ

Lead-inwaterintakeproject取水工程Chengduplainarea成都平原地区weir[wɪə(r)]n.堰；拦河堤distribute[dɪˈstrɪbjuːt]v.分配deposit[dɪˈpɒzɪt]v.沉积meander[miˈændə(r)]v.蜿蜒而行concave[kɒnˈkeɪv]adj.凹面的ProfessionZoomInReading

Currently,hydraulicengineeringconstruction,directlytiedtothedesignofdams,bridges,channels,canals,andenvironmentalengineering,isessentialtohydraulicconservancyprojects.Accordingtothedesigngoalsofhydraulicconservationprojects,scientificengineeringtechnologyshouldalsobeusedduringtheconstructionprocessinadditiontothestrictrequirementsforhigh-qualitybuildingmaterials.

Thefoundationofanybuildingisthekeytoensuringthequalityofthebuilding.Sincethefoundationofhydraulicconstructionisaffectedbyterrain,geology,hydrology,andotherfactors,thecorrespondingconstructiontechnologyneedstobeused.Ifthefoundationismadeofsoil,theprotectivelayerthatwassetasideduringfoundationexcavationshouldbedugout.Afterthat,debrisshouldberemoved,gravelshouldbelaid,pressureshouldbereinforced,alayerofwetsandshouldbeadded,andthenan8-12cmplainconcretecushionshouldbepoured.Ifthefoundationisgrit,itisbesttocleartheareaofanydebrisfirst,thenlevelthegroundbeforepouringa10-20cmplainconcretecushion.Whenpouringconcreteoverarockfoundation,it’scrucialtoremovethehardrock’ssurfaceandmaintaintheareamoistandclean.译文返回原文水利施工技术水利施工技术与水坝、桥梁、渠道、运河的设计以及环境工程密切相关，是当前水利工程的关键所在。因此在施工的过程中，不仅对建筑材料质量有着严格要求，还要根据水利水电工程的设计目标，采用科学的施工技术。任何建筑的地基都是保证建筑物质量的关键。水利建设的地基受到了地形、地质、水文和其他因素的影响，因此在建设的过程中则需要采用相对应的施工技术。若是基地为土基的话，就应该挖除开挖基础时预留的保护层之后清除杂物，再用碎石铺垫，盖上一层湿砂，进行加压，最后浇8～12cm的素混凝土垫层。若是沙砾地基则应先除杂物，整平地面，最后浇筑10～20cm素混凝土垫层。对于岩基，重要的是要清除岩面的表层，在浇筑混凝土之前保持岩面湿润与洁净。Reading

Byvibrating,compacting,andfillinginthegravellayerbylayer,groutingatthepilebottomhasasignificantimpactonhydraulicengineering’sfoundationreinforcement.Thistechnologyisasimpleandoperationalprocedurethathasthepotentialtolowerconstructioncosts.Typically,thebuilderwillinserttheserifluxalongthegroutingpipeintothedrillingholefortherockswithsignificantfissures.Theengineerwillusetheseecontrollinggroutingmethodinlocationswheretherearemorebrokenrockstrata,drillingtothedesigndepthandinsertingthegroutingplugfromthebottomtotheorifice.

Anothertechnologicalcategoryemployedinthehydraulicconstructionprocessisdiversion.Therivermustbedivertedinordertomaintainboththeriver’ssmoothflowandtheabilitytocontroltheupperstreamadequatelysothatwaterconservationprojectscanbecarriedoutondryland.Themanagementofdiversioncanalsobestandardizedbyapplyingriverclosures.Cofferdamsarenowthemosteffectivemethodofriverclosure.Aftertheflooddischargestructureisbuilt,thecofferdamcanbeconstructed,andthewaterwillflowdownthroughtheflooddischargestructure.Nowadaystheflooddischargestructuremainlyincludesadiversionchannel,spillway,bottomdiversionoutlet,andsoon.译文返回原文对于地基加固可以采用加固底桩处理技术，利用分层填入碎石的方式进行振捣压实，操作过程简单，且能够降低地基处理过程中的施工成本。通常对于裂缝较大的岩层施工者会将浆液沿注浆管压进钻孔。对于岩层较破碎的地区则会采用自下而上分段灌浆法，在灌浆时先钻至设计深度，再将灌浆塞从底部安装至孔口进行灌浆。导流也是水利工程施工过程中较常用的技术类型，为保证水利工程可以在干地上施工，就需要对河流进行改道，既要对河流上游进行有效的调控，又要保证河流通畅。除此之外，可应用截流施工技术，对导流技术与流程进行规范化管理。目前最好的截流方式是围堰施工，在完成泄水建筑物的构建后，可进行围堰合拢，水流会沿泄水建筑下泄，目前泄水建筑物主要有导流明渠、导流隧洞、泄洪道和导流底孔等。Reading

Landslidesonslopesfrequentlyhappenwhenbuildinghydraulicstations.Atpresent,anchoringtechnologycanbeusedtopreventlandslides.Bycarefullyregulatingthepositionanddepthoftheanchorageandworkingwithconcrete,bedrockwouldbebalancedtoachieveabetterstableeffect.

Althoughblastingisacrucialcomponentofhydraulicconstruction,itmustalwaysbedonewithconsiderablecautionduetotheseriousharmifthereisanymistake.Blastingmaterialsshouldbechosen,moved,stored,detonated,anddestroyedinstrictaccordancewithsafetyregulations.

Geology,hydrology,meteorology,andotherelementsadddifficultiestohydraulicconstructionprojects.Asaresult,engineersmustutilizetheappropriateandefficienttechnologiesfortheconditionsathandinordertoguaranteetheproject’squalityandsafety.译文返回原文在水利施工过程中经常会出现边坡滑坡的现象，目前可以采用锚固技术，施工者通过合理控制锚固位置与深度，配合混凝土，使得基岩受力均衡，从而达到更好的稳固效果。爆破是水利工程施工中常用的手段，但由于其事故危害大，所以有关爆破的各个环节都要无比谨慎。无论是爆破材料的选择、运输，储存还是装填、起爆以及销毁工作等都应该严格遵守各项安全技术的规定。地质、水文、气象等因素加大了在水利工程建设的困难，这也就要求施工者根据实际情况采用相应而有效的施工技术，以保证工程质量与施工安全。material[məˈtɪəriəl]n.材料foundation[faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n]n.基础terrain[təˈreɪn]n.地形geology[dʒiˈɒlədʒi]n.地质excavation[ˌekskəˈveɪʃ(ə)n]n.挖掘debris[ˈdebri]n.碎片grouting[ˈgraʊtɪŋ]n.灌浆significant[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]adj.重要的operational[ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənl]adj.操作的insert[ɪnˈsɜːt]v.插入seriflux[ˈserɪflʌks]n.浆液orifice[ˈɒrɪfɪs]n.孔口diversion[daɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n]n.导流adequately[ˈædɪkwətlɪ]adv.足够地spillway[ˈspɪlweɪ]n.泄洪道prevent[prɪˈvent]v.预防blasting[ˈblɑ:stɪŋ]n.爆破considerable[kənˈsɪdərəbl]adj.相当大的detonate[ˈdetəneɪt]v.引爆meteorology[ˌmi:tiəˈrɒlədʒi]n.气象学utilize[ˈju:təlaɪz]v.利用appropriate[əˈprəʊpriət]adj.合适的guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:]v.担保hydraulicengineeringconstruction水利工程施工environmentalengineering环境工程hydraulicconservancyproject水利工程plainconcretecushion素混凝土垫层foundationreinforcement地基加固seecontrollinggroutingmethod自下而上灌浆法flooddischarge泄洪flowdown流下diversionchannel导流渠bottomdiversionoutlet底部导流口anchoringtechnology锚固技术instrictaccordancewith严格按照Currently,hydraulicengineeringconstruction,directlytiedtothedesignofdams,bridges,channels,canals,andenvironmentalengineering,isessentialtohydraulicconservancyprojects.译文：目前，水利施工技术与大坝、桥梁、渠道、运河、环境工程的设计息息相关，对水利工程建设至关重要。注释：整个句子主语为hydraulicengineeringconstruction,用directlytiedtothedesignofdams,bridges,channels,canalsandenvironmentalengineering来修饰hydraulicengineeringconstruction，做补充说明成分，is为句子的谓语成分，表明对水利工程建设至关重要的是水利施工技术。❶Therivermustbedivertedinordertomaintainboththeriver’ssmoothflowandtheabilitytocontroltheupperstreamadequatelysothatwaterconservationprojectscanbecarriedoutondryland.译文：为保证水利工程可以在干地上施工，就需要对河流进行改道，既要保证河流通畅，又要对河流的上游进行有效地调控。注释：用both和and表明maintain之后连接一组并列动词，既保持了河流的畅通，又维持了对上游的有效调控，sothat引导目的从句表明河流改道引流的目的就是为了水利工程得以在干地上施工。❷ReadingTask1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.ReadingTask

2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsinthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.Engineers________arangeoftechniquestoenhancethequalityofthebuildings.TheBaiyunRailwayStationisnowfully____________.Ittookfiveyearsto____________downtothebedrockwhenconstructingthehydraulicstation.Thestar’s____________temperatureisreckonedtobeminus75degreesCelsius.Theresearchistoounfocusedtohaveany____________impact.1.2.3.4.5.utilizedoperationalutilize

significant

surface

drill

operationaldrillsurfacesignificantReadingTask

3Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.Hydraulicengineeringconstructionisdirectlytiedtothedesignofdams,bridges,channels,canals,andenvironmentalengineering.Nomatterwhatthecompositionofthefoundationis,thefoundationisreinforcedinthesameway.Accordingtothepassage,thequalityoftheconstructionmaterialislessimportantthantheengineeringtechnologies.Landslidesonslopeswouldn’tcausegreatdamagetotheconstructionofdams.Nowadaystheflooddischargestructuremainlyincludesadiversionchannel,diversiontunnel,spillway,bottomdiversionoutlet,andsoon.()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.TFFFTListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Goodmorning,Mr.Sun.SinceyouandyourgrouphavebeenrewardedasfirstclassbytheIWHR,couldyoupleaseintroducethishydraulictechnology?Withtheecologicalprotectionandrestorationoftheenvironmentelevatedtothenationalstrategiclevel,thefishway,asoneofthemainengineering(1)____________,playsanirreplaceableroleinmitigatingtheeffectof(2)__________andprotectingfishresources,andhasbecomeanimportantpartofthesustainabledevelopmentofwaterconservancyandhydropower.Thankyou,andhowlonghaveyoubeeninthisresearchfield?A:Mr.SunandhisgrouphavejustbeenrewardedwiththeTechnologyAwardfortheircontributiontothetechnicalprogressandinnovationinhydraulicengineeringconstruction.AreporterinterviewedMr.Sunontheaward.B:measures(A=reporter;B=Sun)A:damblockListeningChina’sresearchonfishwayhasbeen(3)___________fornearly30yearsduetohistoricalreasons,andthelackofmatureexperienceandalargenumberofpracticalneedshavebecomethedrivingforcesforthedevelopmentofresearchonfishwayhydraulics.Bycombininghydraulicswithfishbehavior,thistechnologyhasmarkedanew(4)________offishwayresearchintheecologicalprotectionofriversinChina.Yes,theachievementsfillthetechnicalgapinthefieldoffishwayhydraulicsinChinaandhavebeenappliedinthedesignandconstructionoffishwayofmorethantenhydropowerstations,bringingremarkableeconomic,social,andenvironmental(5)__________.Thankyou.Howmarvelous!B:interruptedA:B:A:stagebenefitsListeningrestoration[ˌrestəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]n.恢复fishway[ˈfɪʃweɪ]n.鱼道irreplaceable[ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl]adj.不能替代的drivingforces驱动力SpeakingMakeasimilardialogueaccordingtothesituationwiththehelpoftheusefulexpressionsgivenbelow.Yourdialoguecanbebasedonthelisteningmaterialabove.

Chinahascalledforacceleratedstepstodevelopanationalnetworkofwaterresourcesandimprovethenation’scapacitytoensurewatersecurity.Pleasetalkaboutwaysofimprovingwatersecuritywithyourpartners.SpeakingUsefulexpressionsyoumayuse:1.watersecurityisimportanttothecountry’sdevelopmentand...2.ourcountryhastakenmanymeasuresto...3.suchasallocatingwaterresourcesaswellasfloodprevention...4.inordertoprovideastrongguarantee...5.differentpartsofthewaterdiversionprojects...6.hadalreadybeenputintooperation7.toboostecologicalprotection...8.wecanalsoprotectmountains...9.theprotectionoftheenvironmentofthewatersourceareamustbe...CareerZoomInReading

TheBaihetanHydropowerStationislocatedinthedownstreamareaoftheJinshaRiverbetweenSichuanProvinceandYunnanProvinceinSouthwestChina.ItisoneofthelargesthydropowerstationsinChina,withatotalstoragecapacityof20.6billioncubicmeters.Thekeycomponentsoftheprojectincludeadouble-curvedarchdam,aflooddischargestructureandadiversionpowersystem.

Despitetheabundanceofminerals,hydropower,andotherresourcesintheregionwhereBaihetanHydropowerStationislocated,thelocaleconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructureconstructionareconstrainedbygeographicfactors.However,allthebuildersandrelevantpartieshadovercomethedifficultiesandmadegreatcontributionstotheproject.AsamajorprojectinChina’swest-eastpowertransmissionprogram,thecompletionoftheBaihetansignifiesagreatstepintheutilizationofcleanenergyandpromotesthetransformationofthelocaleconomy.译文返回原文白鹤滩水电站白鹤滩水电站位于中国西南部四川和云南之间的金沙江下游，它是中国最大的水电站之一，总库容206亿立方米，该项目的关键组成部分包括双曲拱坝、泄洪结构和导流电力系统。尽管白鹤滩水电站库区拥有丰富的矿产、水能等资源，但当地的经济发展和基础设施建设受到了地形限制。然而，所有的建筑工程师和相关各方都克服了这些困难，对该项目做出了巨大的贡献。白鹤滩作为我国东西输电项目的一个重大项目，标志着我国在清洁能源的利用方面迈出了一大步，也促进了当地经济的转型。Reading

TheBaihetanprojectoffersawiderangeofbenefits,includingelectricitygeneration,floodcontrol,sandcontrol,andmore.ItisacrucialprojectfortheeconomicdevelopmentoftheYangtzeRiverBasin,whereastheconstructionwasquitedifficultduetothecomplicatedgeologicalfeatures,suchasthedeepgorgesandthesteepcliffs.Therewerequiteafewtechnicalchallengesforengineerstotackle,suchasthefoundationofacolumnarbasaltdam,thesafeandeffectiveexcavationofasteepslope,theconstructionofasizablegroupofundergroundcaverns,andthedevelopmentofaflooddischargeandenergydissipationsystem.Hence,thedesign,constructionandmanagementofBaihetanHydropowerStationareagreattestofthetechnicallevelofhydraulicconstructioninChina.译文白鹤滩工程具有发电、防洪、拦沙等综合效益，是长江流域开发与治理的重要工程，但由于地质条件复杂，高深的峡谷、陡峭的山崖，其综合建设难度极高。白鹤滩水电站工程建设的挑战在于，需要处理柱状节理玄武岩坝基、安全高效地开挖高陡的边坡、在复杂地质条件下开挖超大规模地下洞室群、高效泄洪消能等一系列难题。所以白鹤滩水电站的设计、施工和管理都非常地考验我国水利建设的技术水平。返回原文Reading译文

ThearchdamofBaihetanHydropowerStationreaches289metersatitshighestpoint.However,themainbedrockisbasaltandthetopographyofthecanyononbothsidesisasymmetrical.Underthiscircumstance,theexpertsextendedtheconcretefoundationandalsoimplementedefficientdeformationcontrolmeasuresforthedamfoundationrockduringexcavation.Toimprovethestandardizationofthegroutingprocess,anintelligentgroutingsystemwasused,anda5-meterprotectivelayerwasreservedduringthefirstrockexcavation.Anchorpileswerealsobeforehandburiedingroutingholesandtheprotectivelayerwasevacuatedverticallyandprecisely.

Despitesteepslopesonbothsides,allthedrilling,blasting,slagdisposalandexcavationwerecarriedoutontheriver’shillside.Therefore,thestabilityofslopeexcavationwasparticularlynotableduetothecomplexstructureofthesehighandsteepslopes.Afteradditionalcalculations,thetechnicalspecialistsimprovedtheconstructiontechniques,adoptingthedeformationanddamagemechanism,implementingslopereinforcingmeasures,andavertinganypotentiallandslideharminadvance.Theyalsoestablishedawarningsystemtomonitortheslopeconstructionforpromptresponsetotherisk.白鹤滩水电站拱坝最高289米，但由于基岩为玄武岩，且两岸峡谷地形不对称，在这种情况下，专家结合了工程建设实际情况，扩大了混凝土基础，在开挖的过程中对坝基岩体采取有效的变形控制措施。为了提高灌浆工艺的标准化，还采用了智能灌浆系统，在第一次开挖岩石时预留了5米的保护层、岩石结合灌浆孔预埋锚筋桩、垂直精准开挖保护层。虽然白鹤滩工程两岸边坡陡峻，但工程的钻爆、出渣、开挖支护等工作全部在临江山坡上进行，所以岩质边坡开挖的稳定性问题尤为突出。技术骨干们经过反复计算，优化了技术方案，实施了边坡的变形破坏机制与加固措施，及时消除滑坡可能产生的潜在危害，对边坡施工加强了监测，建立预警系统，确保遇到险情就立即响应。返回原文Reading译文

TheflooddischargestructureofBaihetanHydropowerStationhas6surfaceholes,7deepholesand3non-pressuredischargeholesontheleftbankforflooddischargeandenergydissipation,whichcaneliminatethevibrationandatomizationcausedbytheimpactofflooddischargeandreducethepotentialdamagetotheslopesandsurroundingfacilities.

Asthereporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointsout,agreenandlow-carboneconomyandsocietyarecrucialtohigh-qualitydevelopment.Chinawillthoroughlyadvancetheenergyrevolutionandproperlybalancehydropowerdevelopmentandecologicalconservationwhilespeedinguptheplanninganddevelopmentofasystemfornewenergysources.BaihetanHydropowerStationisofgreatsignificanceinpreservingtheecologyoftheYangtzeRiverandisahigh-qualityprojectwithexcellencethankstothearchitects’utilizationofavarietyofconstructiontechnologiesandtheirexpertiseinprojectmanagement.白鹤滩水电站泄洪建筑物设置了6个表孔、7个深孔和左岸3条无压泄洪洞，分区泄洪消能，解决了泄洪冲击压力所带来的振动和雾化等对工程边坡和周围设施的安全隐患。正如党的二十大报告所指出的，推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化是实现高质量发展的关键环节。中国将深入推进能源革命，统筹水电开发和生态保护，同时加快规划建设新型能源体系。白鹤滩水电站对保护长江生态屏障具有重要意义。在工程建设中，白鹤滩的建设者借助各种建造技术和项目管理知识全力以赴把白鹤滩水电站建设成为精品工程。返回原文downstream[ˌdaʊnˈstri:m]adv.在下游方向component[kəmˈpəʊnənt]n.构成要素，成分contribution[ˌkɒntrɪˈbju:ʃ(ə)n]n.贡献transmission[trænsˈmɪʃ(ə)n]n.传送utilization[ju:təlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.利用transformation[ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n]n.转型gorge[ɡɔ:dʒ]n.山峡，峡谷tackle[ˈtækl]n.用具，装备topography[təˈpɒgrəfi]n.地形学canyon[ˈkænjən]n.峡谷asymmetrical[ˌeɪsɪˈmetrək(ə)l]adj.不对称的circumstance[ˈsɜ:kəmstəns]n.条件implement[ˈɪmplɪment]v.实现standardization[ˌstændədaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.标准化intelligent[ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt]adj.智能的beforehand[bɪˈfɔ:hænd]adv.预先protective[prəˈtektɪv]adj.保护的vertically[ˈvɜ:tɪkl]adv.垂直地notable[ˈnəʊtəbl]adj.显著的prompt[prɒmpt]adj.敏捷的eliminate[ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]v.排除atomization[ˌætəmaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.雾化storagecapacity库容cubicmeter立方米double-curvedarchdam双曲拱坝diversionpowersystem导流电力系统cleanenergy清洁能源electricitygeneration发电columnarbasaltdam柱状玄武岩坝undergroundcaverns地下洞群energydissipation消能deformationcontrolmeasure变形控制措施slagdisposal出渣deformationanddamagemechanism变形破坏机制inadvance预先non-pressuredischargeholes无压排放口energyrevolution能源革命hydropowerdevelopment水电开发ecologicalconservation生态保护Despitetheabundanceofminerals,hydropower,andotherresourcesintheregionwhereBaihetanHydropowerStationislocated,thelocaleconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructureconstructionareconstrainedbygeographicfactors.译文：尽管白鹤滩水电站所在地区矿产、水电等资源丰富，但当地的经济发展和基础设施建设仍受到地理因素的制约。注释：此句的主语是thelocaleconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructureconstruction,谓语成分为areconstrained表被动语态,despite后接状语，其中where引导的状语从句修饰的是白鹤滩所在的region.❶TheflooddischargestructureofBaihetanHydropowerStationhas6surfaceholes,7deepholesand3non-pressuredischargeholesontheleftbankforflooddischargeandenergydissipation,whichcaneliminatethevibrationandatomizationcausedbytheimpactofflooddischargeandreducethepotentialdamagetotheslopesandsurroundingfacilities.译文：白鹤滩水电站泄洪结构在左岸有6个表孔、7个深孔、3个无压泄洪孔，用于泄洪消能，可消除泄洪冲击引起的振动和雾化，减少对边坡及周边设施的潜在破坏。注释：句子的主语为theflooddischargestructure,ontheleftbank作为地点状语修饰主语，forflooddischargeandenergydissipation表目的，which引导非限制性定语从句进一步说明泄洪消能的目的在于消除冲击引起的振动和雾化，减少对边坡及周围设施的潜在危害。需要注意的是，振动和雾化是被引起的，故用被动语态。❷ReadingTask1Basedonthepassage,choosethecorrectanswerforeachstatement.ThetotalstoragecapacityoftheBaihetanis_____.A.20.6billioncubicmetersB.12.6billioncubicmetersC.8billioncubicmetersD.30.2billioncubicmeters1.ReadingWhichisnotincludedinthecomponentsoftheBaihetanHydropowerStation?A.Adouble-curvedarchdam.B.Aflooddischargestructure.C.Anelectricitygenerationsystem.D.Adiversionpowersystem.2.ReadingWhichkindoftechnicalchallengeswasnotincludedintheconstructionoftheBaihetanHydropowerStation?A.Thefoundationofacolumnarbasaltdam.B.Theexcavationofasteepslope.C.Theconstructionofundergroundcaverns.D.Powersupply.3.ReadingWhichoneofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtotheflooddischargestructureofBaihetan?A.6surfaceholes.B.7deepholes.C.5-meterprotectivelayer.D.3non-pressuredischargeholes.4.ReadingWhichoneofthefollowingfunctionsisnotabouttheBaihetanHydropowerStation?A.Electricitygeneration.B.Sandcontrol.C.Floodcontrol.D.Locallandmark.5.ReadingTask

2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.TheBaihetanHydropowerStationisamajorprojectinChina’swest-eastpowertransmissionprogram.TheBaihetanHydropowerStationislocatedintheupperstreamportionoftheJinshaRiver.Theanchorpilesshouldbeburiedaftergroutingwhenconstructingthearchdam.Thecomplexstructureofthehighandsteepslopeshasnoimpactonthestabilityofslopeexcavation.TheBaihetanHydropowerStationisnowoperationalduetothecontributionsthatallthebuildersandtherelevantpartieshavemade.()1.()2.()3.()4.TFFF()5.T

Chinawillcontinuetoinvestinfixedtransportationassetsthisyeartocontributetoeconomicdevelopment,thetransportministersaidonThursday.

Theinvestmentfortransportationinfrastructureusuallycomeswithalargeamountofexpenditures,whichcanyieldquickreturnsandalsodrivethedevelopmentinothersectors,saidanexpert.“Itisanimportantmeasuretoensurepeople’slivelihoodsandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalsooneoftheessentialareastostabilizeeconomicgrowthandcreatemorejobs,”hesaid.

Spendingonhighwayfixedassetswas2.9trillionyuan,up9.7percentyear-on-year.Waterwaysreceived167.9billionyuaninfixedassetinvestment,up10.9percentyear-on-year.Fixedassetinvestmentincivilaviationwas120billionyuan,aboutthesameasin2021.Thesectorhasspeduptheconstructionofmajortransportinfrastructureprojects,buildingmoreexpresswaysandrailways.译文InvestmentinTransportAssets运输资产投资中国交通部长周四表示，中国今年将继续投资于固定交通资产，以促进经济发展。据交通副部长徐成光说，交通基础设施的投资通常需要大量支出，可以产生快速回报，也可以推动其他部门的发展。这是保障人民生计和促进经济发展的重要措施。这也是稳定经济增长和创造更多就业机会的重要领域之一。中国高速公路固定资产支出为人民币2.9万亿元，同比增长9.7%。水路公司获得固定资产投资1679亿元，同比增长10.9%。民航固定资产投资为人民币1200亿元，与2021年基本持平。加快了重大交通基础设施项目建设，加快了高速公路和铁路建设。返回原文

Thecountryaddedandimprovedabout800kmofhigh-gradeinlandwaterwaysandbuilt92berthsthatcanaccommodatelargeshipscarrying10,000metrictonsofcargo.Aprojectwasalsolaunchedtoimprovethetransportationandlogisticsnetworktoboostthecarriageoffreightinurbanareas,with15citiesselectedasthefirstgrouptobebuiltintonationalcargotransporthubs.MajortransportationconstructionprojectssuchastheSichuan-TibetRailwayandShenzhen-ZhongshanBridgeproceededsmoothlylastyear.译文中国增加和改善了约800公里的高等级内河航道，并建造了92个泊位，可容纳装载1万吨货物的大型船舶。还启动了改善运输和物流网络的项目，促进城市货运的运输，其中15个城市被选为首批建设国家货运枢纽的城市。川藏铁路、深中大桥等重大交通建设项目去年进展顺利。返回原文invest[ɪnˈvest]v.投资transportation[ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃ(ə)n]n.运输alargeamountof大量expenditure[ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)]n.消耗essential[ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l]adj.必不可少的stabilize[ˈsteɪbəlaɪz]v.（使）稳定civilaviation民用航空spedup加速high-gradeinlandwaterways高级内河航道accommodate[əˈkɒmədeɪt]v.容纳logisticsnetwork物流网络urbanareas城市地区cargotransporthubs货物运输枢纽ListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.(A=interviewer;B=engineer)Youhave(1)________almost60yearsofyourlifetotheThreeGorgesHydroelectricPowerStationProject,canyoutelluswhatkeepsyougoingsofar?Engineersshouldalways(2)________withtheirowneyesandfeelwiththeirownhands.Thefirstlawisbeingpracticalandrealisticandascientistorengineershouldfocusonreality.In1973,whenChinagainedaccessiontotheInternationalCommissiononLargeDams,youweretheheadofthedelegation,andyouplayedamajorrole.Itwasa(3)________inthedevelopmentofChina’shydraulicengineeringbecauseitpromotedcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworldtoalargeextent.Laterin1981,ChinajoinedtheWorldFederationofEngineeringOrganizations.A:B:devotedA:B:inspectmilestoneListeningWasitahardtimeforyouwhentheengineeringtechnologywasnotsodeveloped?Engineeringandtechnologyareasimportantasscience.Noticingthelackof(4)________onengineeringandtechnologycomparedwithscience,weestablishedtheChineseAcademyofEngineering.Technological(5)___________hasalongwaytogo,andthenewgenerationmustgoontoupholdthetechnologicalrevolution.Iamtrulyinspiredbyyourdedicationtohydraulicengineering.emphasisA:B:A:innovationpractical[ˈpræktɪkl]adj.实际的realistic[ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk]adj.现实的delegation[ˌdelɪˈɡeɪʃn]n.代表团lackof缺乏WorldFederationofEngineeringOrganizations世界工程组织联合会ChineseAcademyofEngineering中国工程院SpeakingMakeadialogue