随车起重装置的结构与设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

XX设计PAGE3附录SteeplechaseliftingdevicestructureanddesignLiftingGearsteeplechaseanddesignofthestructureoftheliftingmechanismisrelativelytraditional,thetailplateliftingmechanismusingonlyasinglefueltank,sothatthehydraulicsystemofthepipeissimple,convenientcontrolandhighreliabilityofthehydraulicsystem,andandeaseofinstallation.Theaboveanalysisandcalculationoftheinstitutionssuchasthestructureandpropertiesofthemathematicalrelationshipbetweenparameters.Topromoteinter-relatedwiththesleeveofthefrictionandwear,thesleeveguidegrooveangleandflipangleandahighdegreeofadaptability,suchasliftingwillbesubjecttofurtherresearchandtheanalysisofthestructureofhair[17].

LiftingGearsteeplechasevehiclemovementsinforeigncountriesasthereardoor(endplate),itsinstalledinthecarnamedafterthetail.Inthispaper,accordingtonationalstandardscallaliftinggearsteeplechase.Steeplechasealiftingdeviceinstalledonthevaninthecarriageofgoods,notonlytodemonstrateitsproprietarywater-resistantdust-prooffunction,butalsointheloadingandunloadingofgoodsmechanizationachieved.1.steeplechasedevelopmentLiftingGearLiftingGearsteeplechasedevelopment,largelyinforeigncountriescanbedividedintofourperiods.Thefirstgenerationofproductsinthe30'sattheendofthiscentury,characterizedmainlyliftingcylinder,andthesteeplechasemanuallyturnedon,fromoraboutthequalityof500kg,steeplechase(alsoknownasloadingplatforms)touchdownangle9°~10°.Atpresent,thisproductinSouth-EastAsia,Japanstillinuse,90years,isstilltheUnitedStatesbythenewdevelopment.Second-generationproductsintheearly50'stheEuropeanmarket,inthefirstgenerationofproductsbasedontheincreaseofturnovertoclosethefueltank.Liftandflipthefueltankbytwotoachieveindependence.Themostcommonisatype4tank,butalsoofthedouble.Liftingthequalityofmorethan500kg,platformloadingtouchdownangle10°,flipactioncontrolbasedontheexperienceoftheoperator.TheproductsaremainlyusedintheAmericasandSoutheastAsia.Third-generationproductsinthe70'sattheendoftheEuropeanmarketisthesecondgenerationofproductsbasedontheincreaseinthefueltankofthefifth.Onlythefueltankofthehydraulicsystemintherelativepositionsofthemaineffectofmemoryfunction,sothattouchdowntoloadingplatform,offtheflipactionisnolongercontrolledbytheoperatorbythehydrauliccontrolsystemitself,sothattheprocessisrelativelysmoothtake-offandlandingandsecurity.Touchdownangleisgenerally8°~10°.Ifitdoublesasacardoor,andaresultofincreasedplatformsize,anglemayalsobelessthan8°.AtpresenttheseproductstoEuropeandAmericaingeneral.Fourth-generationproductsduringtheearly90s,anditshydraulicsystemandfunctionofprincipleswiththethird-generationproducts,onlyanincreaseofthefueltankthesizeofmemory,somemoryandincreasethescopeofaction.Itisdifferentfromthethirdgenerationoftheproductliesintheloadingplatformtoincreaseitsspecialstructure,fromonebodytotwoactivitiesconnectedtotheplatformafterthetouchdown,notonlycanautomaticallyflip,butthereisasinkingactiontoachievethetouchdownangle6°,evenin6below.Atpresent,theproductsintheNetherlands,YugoslaviaandChinahasappliedforautilitymodelpatent.Thedomesticmarkethasbeenstereotyped.Fromtheperformance,security,reliabilityresults,thefourth-generationproductswillbegraduallyreplacedthesecondandthirdgenerationproducts.Thefirstgenerationofproducts,becauseofitssimplestructure,lightweight,althoughthetechnicalcontent,butwiththeadvantagesofeasymaintenance,etc.,indevelopingcountrieswillstillhaveacertainmarket.LiftingGearsteeplechasedevelopmentinChinaonlyafewthingsmorethanadecade.TheformerMinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsin1985importedfromJapanwithanumberofliftingdevicessteeplechasevan.Sincethen,bytheSpecialPurposeVehicleInstituteofHanyang,HubeiautopartsplantandCommunicationMinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsMachineryFactoryMingshuithreecooperationmadetheresearchanddevelopment,whichlastedmorethantwoyears,duetovariousreasonscannotbeputintouse.Inearly1988,MinistryofPostsandTelecommunicationsCommunicationsMachineryFactoryMingshuitechnicalstaff,continuetodevelop.PostOfficeinBeijingtohelpthestrong,thankstotheeffortsofthepastfouryears,increasingproductqualitystabilized.Earlyuseofdomesticproductsasadrivingforceforcarengines.Toachievein1992acarbatteryasthedrivingforceofthehydraulicpumpstation.After1992,liftinggearsteeplechasevanduetothedevelopmentofdomesticandbegantodevelop,theskilllevelisgraduallyclosetotheinternational.Accordingtothecurrentunderstandingofthesituation,thedomesticproductionsteeplechaseoftheenterprises,includingLiftingGearMingshui,suchaspostsandtelecommunicationsequipmentfactoryatleastfive,theproductstructurehaveasingle-cylinder,four-cylinder,five-cylinderandtheearly90'sandthelatestU.S.technology-basedThefive-cylindertechnology.Althoughtheproductmixintheform,theinternationalfour-generationproductsareproducedinChina,butitsdevelopmentisstillinitsinfancy.Theexpansionofthedomesticmarket,butalsotheneedforinter-andopportunities.Speakingtimemaynotlastlong,fromthevarietiesofspeaking,ashortperiodoftimewillstillexistavarietyofforms,butintheendmaybethesingle-cylinderandfive-cylinderproducts.2.steeplechaseofthebasicprinciplesofliftinggearLiftingGearsteeplechasevarietiesarenumerous,butthebasicfundamentaltenetsoftheoriginalbutitisthesame,thatis,parallelfour-barlinkageofthepracticalapplicationoftheprincipleofparallelmove,itistwosetsofparallelfour-barlinkage,sub-putlongerononbothsidesofcar,synchronousmovements,whiletheDCEistheabovementionedloadingplatform(steeplechase).Design,thefollowingthreeissuestoberesolved:BCunderthedrivingforceforrotation;BCundertheroleofrotationaldynamicsandtheroleoftheformofpoints;CDundertheC-pointaftertouchdown,theremustbearotationaroundthepointDmovestoEendoftouchdowntofacilitateloadingandunloadingofgoods.

2.1PowerSystem

Steeplechaseearlyinthedevelopmentofliftingdevicesfortheautomotiveenginethroughtheoilpumpdrivenfrompower-drivendevices.Workinghoursasaresultoftheneedtoidletheenginerunning,isnowseldomused.Atpresent,thebasicuseofmicro-drivenhydraulicpumpstation,acarbatteryforpowersource.Micro-pumpstationhasthebasiccomponentsofDCmotors(withthecarbatteryvoltagetomatch),controlvalves,gearpumps,combinationvalve(overflow,cuttingone-way),andthefueltank,electricstartswitch,controlswitchandsoon.Accordingtodifferentvehiclebatteryvoltage,DCmotorsare12V,24Varetwodifferentpoweraccordingtotheweightsincethereare018kW,110kW,112kW,115kW,2kW,3kWandsoon.Gearpumpaccordingtothenumberoftanks(mainlyhydraulicflow)andthehydraulicsystempressuretochoose,thereisdisplacement1ml,112ml,116ml,210ml,215ml,410mlwiderangeofspecifications,themaximumoutputpressuregearpumpupto25MPa.HydraulicPumpStationhasbeentheinternationalproductqualityisstable,lessqualityofdomesticproducts,mainlythequalityofthesolenoidvalveorvolumetoolarge,however.

2.2Theformandtheroleofdrivingforcetransmissionpoint[18]

BothrelyonpowerthroughthepressureofhydraulicoilsystemfromthefueltanktotheBCtransmissionpoles.Fueltanksandinstallationofthenumberofdifferentpositions,andtotaketheDCbarthedifferenceintherotation,thepowertransmissionlinesarealsodifferent.a1cylinderonthefront.HingeforalongshaftB,thetwoparallelfour-barlinkagemountedontheshaftatbothends,ashaftconnectedtothemiddlearm,thenthefueltankofthepistonrodendofthefueltankontheothersideofthefixedbracketonthetransmissionofpowerasfollows:oiltumblercylinder→→BCrodshaft,theworkingprocessinFigure2.b1ontherearcylinder.Thefueltank24islocatedinthemiddleoflinkage,thetwofour-barlinkageinthemiddleoftheBCbarwithfixedbeamstogether,themiddlebeamconnectingrodandthefueltank,fueltankconnectedtotheothersidewiththestent.c1four-cylinderandfive-cylindertype.Five-cylinderstructureofthememoryofthefifthhydrauliccylinderisacylinderinthehydrauliccircuit,theloadingplatformtoparticipateinonlytouchdownafterthereversalplatformaction,withoutreferenceplatformfortake-offandlanding,anditsbasicstructurewiththesamefour-cylinder.Four-cylinderunderthestructureofthefueltankofBC,whichisdifferentfromthedistinctionbetweensingle-cylinder.

2.3CDundertherotation

CDoftherotationpole,four-cylinderwithfive-cylinderfueltankofthetypeofcontractiondependontherealizationofsingle-cylinderrear-mountedon,CDcannotbeachievedunderrotation(butcanbereversedtoachieveatthehighestposition,becausethestructureofmorecomplex,andIshallnotintroduce);forthesingle-cylinderfront-on,basedonthestructuralchangesunderBCachievable.Theactualdesign,ADisalsorequiredundercertaintechnicalprocessingtomeettherequirements.Inaddition,notethat,DCEarticulatedonlyintheDpoint,theothertypefortheD,Ctwohinged.3steeplechaseliftingdevicetodeterminethetechnicalparameters

LiftingGearsteeplechasemaintechnicalparameters:Ratedliftingthequalityoftravelmovements,take-offandlandingspeed,shotsize,platformsize,operatingvoltageandpowermotor,gearpumprowweight(ratedoutputflow),controlvalves,thetypeandquantityofandthefueltankoftheboreandstroke,ratedworkingpressure.Undernormalcircumstances,thebeginningofthedesignparametersareknowntowidthandheightfromthefloor,batteryvoltageandcapacity,beamspacingandbeamautoheightandsizeofrearoverhang.Knownparametersarethefundamentalbasisfordesign.

随车起重装置的结构与设计相对传统的举升机构,该举升机构只采用了液压缸,使液压系统的管路简单,控制方便,液压系统的可靠性高,且安装方便。上述的分析与计算,为该机构建立了结构与性能等参数间的数学关系。有关推销与套筒间的摩擦与磨损,套筒导槽角和翻转角度与举升高度的适应性等问题,将有待进一步的分析研究和结构发。随车起重装置在国外称为随车吊。本文按国家标准称其为随车起重装置。一辆安装了随车起重装置的厢式货车在货物运输中,不仅显示其防雨防尘的专有功能,而且在货物的装卸方面实现了机械化。1随车起重装置的发展随车起重装置的发展,在国外大体上可分为四个时期。第一代产品产生于本世纪30年代末,其特点主要是单缸举升,而栏板翻转靠手动,起升质量为500kg左右,栏板(又称载物平台)触地倾角9°～10°。目前,这种产品在东南亚、日本仍在使用,90年代,还在美国得到了新的发展。第二代产品产生于50年代初的欧洲市场,在第一代产品的基础上增加了翻转关门油缸。举升与翻转分别由二个独立油缸实现。最常见的是四只油缸的型式,也有双缸的。起升质量在500kg以上,载物平台触地倾角10°,翻转动作凭操作者经验控制。该种产品目前主要用于美洲及东南亚地区。第三代产品产生于70年代末的欧洲市场,是在第二代产品的基础上增加第五只油缸。这只油缸在液压系统中主要起相对位置的记忆功能,使载物平台触地、离地的翻转动作不再由操作者控制而由液压系统本身控制,从而使升降过程相对平稳与安全。触地倾角一般为8°～10°。若兼作厢门用,因平台尺寸增大,倾角也可能小于8°。目前该类产品普遍用于欧美地区。第四代产品产生于90年代初,其液压系统及功能原理同第三代产品,只增加了记忆油缸的尺寸,使记忆动作的范围进一步增大。它不同于第三代产品的关键在于其载物平台增加特殊结构,由一体改为两体活动联接,使平台触地后不仅能自动翻转,而且有一个下沉的动作,使触地倾角达到6°,甚至在6以下。目前该产品在荷兰、南斯拉夫和中国已申请了实用新型发明专利。国内已有定型产品投放市场。从操作性能、安全可靠性等使用效果上,第四代产品将逐渐取代了第二、三代产品。而第一代产品,由于其结构简单,重量轻,虽然技术含量低,但具有便于维修等优点,在发展中国家将仍有一定的市场。随车起重装置在国内的发展只是近十几年的事情。1985年原邮电部从日本进口了一批装有随车起重装置的厢式车。此后,由汉阳专用汽车研究所、湖北汽车配件厂和邮电部明水通信机械厂三家合作进行了国产化研制开发,历时两年多,却因多种原因而未能投入使用。1988年初,邮电部明水通信机械厂组织技术人员,继续研制。在北京市邮政局的大力协助下,经过近四年的努力,产品质量日渐趋于稳定。国产化产品早期用汽车发动机作为动力。1992年实现以汽车蓄电池作为液压泵站的驱动力。1992年以后,随车起重装置因国内厢式车的发展而开始发展起来,技术水平也逐渐向国际靠近。据目前了解的情况,国内生产栏板起重装置的企业包括明水邮电通信设备厂等至少有5家,产品结构型式有单缸、四缸、五缸及90年代初的美国技术及最新型的五缸技术。尽管在产品结构形式上,国际上的四代产品均在国内都有生产,但就其发展而言,仍处于起步阶段。国内市场的扩展,还需要间与机遇。从时间上讲可能不会太