《新媒体技术基础（双语）》课件-模块四：新媒体视频拍摄与剪辑技术

模块四：新媒体视频拍摄与剪辑技术Module4:NewMediaVideoShootingandEditingTechniques单元一：视频的分类及发布平台Module1:VideoClassificationandDistributionPlatform视频发布平台VideoPublishingplatform视频的概念及发布平台Videoconceptandpublishingplatform目

录TableofContents020101视频的概念及发布平台VideoconceptandpublishingplatformPARTONE视频概念Videoconcept视频（Video）泛指将一系列静态影像以电信号的方式加以捕捉、记录、处理、储存、传送与重现的各种技术。通常大家熟悉的视频是电视这种载体。随着网络的发展，网络视频开始兴起，它是一种互联网内容传播方式，一般是在互联网新媒体上传播的时长在6秒——60分钟以内的视频。而后，移动终端普及和网络的提速，短平快的大流量传播内容逐渐获得各大平台、粉丝和资本的青睐。它是继文字、图片、传统视频之后新兴的又一种内容传播载体。Videoreferstoavarietyoftechnologiesthatcapture,record,process,store,transmitandreproduceaseriesofstillimagesintheformofelectricalsignals.Usuallyeveryoneisfamiliarwiththevideoasacarrier.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,onlinevideohasbeguntorise,itisawayofInternetcontentdissemination,generallyontheInternetnewmediatospreadthedurationof6seconds-60minutesofvideo.Then,withthepopularizationofmobileterminalsandtheaccelerationoftheInternet,theshort,flatandfastmassdisseminationofcontenthasgraduallywonthefavorofmajorplatforms,fansandcapital.Itisanotheremergingcontentcommunicationcarrieraftertext,pictures,andtraditionalvideos.视频的特点Featuresofthevideo:相较于传统视频，网络视频行业主要存在三大特点：Comparedwithtraditionalvideo,theonlinevideoindustryhasthreemaincharacteristics01生产成本低，传播和生产碎片化Lowproductioncosts,fragmentationofdisseminationandproduction02传播速度快，社交属性强Fastpropagationspeedandstrongsocialattributes03生产者与消费者之间界限模糊Thelinebetweenproducerandconsumerisblurred典型案例Typicalcases抖音——年轻人的15秒音乐短视频社区抖音是今日头条旗下一款音乐创意短视频社交软件，于2016年9月上线，是一个专注年轻人的15秒音乐短视频社区。用户可以通过背景音乐选择、动作编排和特效加工，创作自己的短视频。抖音日均视频播放量破亿，其用户群体呈年轻化态势，85%的抖音用户在24岁以下。抖音在短期内发展快速，除了其年轻化的音乐短视频社区定位之外，在内容运营和内容布局也起到了很大的作用。Douyin-a15-secondmusicshortvideocommunityforyoungpeopleDouyinisamusiccreativeshortvideosocialsoftwareunderToutiao,launchedinSeptember2016,isa15-secondmusicshortvideocommunityfocusingonyoungpeople.Userscancreatetheirownshortvideosthroughbackgroundmusicselection,motionchoreography,andspecialeffectsprocessing.Douyin'saveragedailyvideoviewsexceed100million,anditsuserbaseisyounger,with85%ofDouyinusersundertheageof24.Douyinhasdevelopedrapidlyintheshortterm,andinadditiontoitspositioningasayoungmusicshortvideocommunity,ithasalsoplayedagreatroleincontentoperationandcontentlayout.抖音在内容运营上表现积极，通过大量的线上活动，保持平台用户活跃度，引导用户进行UGC内容生产典型案例Typicalcases案例分析抖音的短视频功能之所以能够脱颖而出，其“点到为止”的理念至关重要。具体表现拍摄功能上仅加入倒计时卡节奏功能，并没有给用户更多的选择；特效功能开发上非常克制；内容引导上，淡化引导功能但加大对创意内容的推荐。这些节制给了用户更多的发挥空间，为创意提供了更多的可能。WhatmakesDouyin'sshortvideofeaturestandoutisthatits"point-to-point"conceptiscrucial.Intermsofspecificperformance,onlythecountdowncardrhythmfunctionisadded,andtheuserisnotgivenmorechoices;thedevelopmentofspecialeffectsfunctionsisveryrestrained;intermsofcontentguidance,theguidancefunctionisdilutedbuttherecommendationofcreativecontentisincreased.Theserestraintsgiveusersmoreroomtoplayandprovidemorepossibilitiesforcreativity.视频分类Videocategorization长视频短视频时长超过半个小时的视频，通常为长视频。Videosthatarelongerthanhalfanhour,usuallylong.时长在30分钟以内的视频即为短视频。Avideothatislessthan30minuteslongisashortvideo.视频分类Videocategorization随着短视频成为新媒体工作的新阵地，各大主流平台纷纷开始布局短视频市场，并对短视频进行准确定义。微博故事里，用户可以发一段15秒短视频或由几张照片组成的15秒视频，将短视频定义为15秒。陌陌平台也是15秒短视频。快手对短视频进行了定义，57秒，竖屏，并定义此为行业标准。57秒，竖屏之所以被快手定义为行业标准，则是根据人工智能系统对每天打开快手的用户的每一个行为进行判断归纳。今日头条则把57秒的短视频应该被称作“小视频”，并给出了短视频新标准：4分钟。微信作为中国最大的以亲友关系为纽带的社交软件对于短视频的定义从原先的只有6秒升级成了10秒。Asshortvideohasbecomeanewfrontfornewmediawork,majormainstreamplatformshavebeguntolayouttheshortvideomarketandaccuratelydefineshortvideo.InWeiboStories,userscanposta15-secondshortvideoora15-secondvideoconsistingofseveralphotos,definingashortvideoas15seconds.TheMomoplatformisalsoa15-secondshortvideo.Kuaishoudefinedshortvideo,57seconds,verticalscreen,anddefinedthisastheindustrystandard.57seconds,thereasonwhytheverticalscreenisdefinedasanindustrystandardbyKuaishouisthatitisbasedonthejudgmentandinductionofeverybehaviorofuserswhoopenKuaishoueverydayaccordingtotheartificialintelligencesystem.Toutiaocalleda57-secondshortvideoa"smallvideo"andgaveanewstandardforshortvideos:4minutes.WeChat,asChina'slargestsocialsoftwarelinkedbyfamilyandfriends,hasupgradeditsdefinitionofshortvideofromonly6secondsto10seconds.短视频特点Shortvideofeatures总体时长短，不同类别短视频长度灵活短视频长度一般在5分钟以内，但不同内容平台、内容类型视频长度差异较大，竖屏短视频时长多在1分钟以内，横屏短视频长度多在2-10分钟。Theoveralldurationisshort,andthelengthofdifferenttypesofshortvideosisflexibleThelengthofshortvideosisgenerallylessthan5minutes,butthelengthofvideosvariesgreatlydependingoncontentplatformsandcontenttypes,withverticalshortvideoslastinglessthan1minuteandhorizontalshortvideoslasting2-10minutes.观看场景多样化4G时代用户上网速度越来越快而资费却同步下降，地铁、公交、商场都可以成为用户随时打开短视频放松一下的场景。ViewingscenesarediverseInthe4Gera,users'Internetaccessspeedisgettingfasterandfaster,butthetariffisfallingsimultaneously,andsubways,buses,andshoppingmallscanbecomesceneswhereuserscanopenshortvideosandrelaxatanytime.短视频产品特征：多样场景+低门槛创作Shortvideoproductfeatures:diversescenarios+low-thresholdcreation短视频特点Shortvideofeatures横屏/竖屏适应不同浏览习惯短视频按照浏览方式可分为横屏和竖屏两种，适应不同的视频观赏习惯和内容。竖屏更适应快速切换浏览和音乐短视频内容；横屏更适应相对长时间观看、长视频剪辑成的短视频内容。ThethresholdforcreationislowandthecontentisdiversifiedIntheeraofsmartphones,thethresholdforcreatingshortvideoshasbeenlowered,andanyonewithasmartphonecanbecomeashortvideocreator.Inaddition,shortvideoconsumptionisfree,entertaining,andrichincontent,makingitanInternetcontentproductsuitableforallages.创作门槛低，内容多样化智能手机时代，短视频的创作门槛降低，任何人有一台智能手机，就可以成为短视频创作者。且短视频消费观赏免费，娱乐性强，内容丰富，是老少咸宜的互联网内容产品。短视频产品特征：多样场景+低门槛创作Shortvideoproductfeatures:diversescenarios+low-thresholdcreationLandscape/portraitscreenadaptstodifferentbrowsingXiShortvideoscanbedividedintohorizontalscreenandverticalscreenaccordingtothebrowsingmethod,adaptingtodifferentvideoviewingXihabitsandcontent.Theverticalscreenismoresuitableforquickbrowsingandshortmusicvideocontent,whilethehorizontalscreenismoresuitableforshortvideocontentthatisviewedforalongtimeandeditedintolongvideos.短视频类型Shortvideotype146135FEDCBA人物写真短视频人物写真短视频通过短视频以人作为主要内容进行拍摄,这类视频内容会将人物呈现出最真实或更多面的自己。ShortcharacterphotovideosShortportraitvideosareshotwithpeopleasthemaincontentofshortvideos,andthiskindofvideocontentwillshowthecharactersthemostrealormoremulti-facetedselves.旅拍v1og短视频旅拍vlog短视频通过短视频记录旅游中的沿途趣事及感受,这类视频内容不仅展现沿途美景更能表现作者心情。宣传片短视频宣传片短视频通过短视频宜传企业风貌、活动内容或产品特色,这类视频内容通常运用了电影电视的表现手法,进行高质量的制作。TravelshootingV1OGshortvideoTravelvlogshortvideorecordstheinterestingthingsandfeelingsalongthewayduringthetripthroughshortvideos,andthiskindofvideocontentnotonlyshowsthebeautifulsceneryalongtheway,butalsoshowstheauthor'smood.PromotionalvideoshortvideoPromotionalshortvideosaresuitableforconveyingcorporatestyle,activitycontentorproductfeaturesthroughshortvideos,andthiskindofvideocontentusuallyusesfilmandtelevisionperformancetechniquestocarryouthigh-qualityproduction.短视频类型Shortvideotype246135FEDCBALifeSkillsShortVideosLifeSkillsShortVideosshareskillsineverydaylifethroughshortvideos,whicharethemostrelevanttousers'lives.生活技能短视频生活技能短视频通过短视频分享日常生活中的技巧,这类视频内容最为贴近用户生活。CreativemixandcutshortvideosCreativeMixShortVideos:Creativeeditingofmultiplevideosthroughshortvideos,whichcanbeeitherbrilliantorfunny.ShortvideosofproductadvertisementsShortsforproductadsareshortvideosthatmarketrelatedproductsthroughshortvideos,whichareoftenbeautifullyproducedandshorter.创意混剪短视频创意混剪短视频通过短视频对多个影片进行创意的剪接,这类视频内容或制作出色震撼,或搞笑鬼畜。产品广告短视频产品广告短视频通过短视频对相关产品进行营销,这类视频通常制作精美、时长较短。02视频发布平台VideopublishingplatformPARTTWO视频发布平台Videopublishingplatform01视频网站Videosites02短视频网站Short-formvideosites视频网站Videosites腾讯视频腾讯视频是腾讯旗下产品，上线于2011年4月，是在线视频平台，拥有流行内容和专业的媒体运营能力，是聚合热播影视、综艺娱乐、体育赛事、新闻资讯等为一体的综合视频内容平台，并通过PC端、移动端及客厅产品等多种形态为用户提供高清流畅的视频娱乐体验。TencentVideoisaproductofTencent,launchedinApril2011,isanonlinevideoplatform,withpopularcontentandprofessionalmediaoperationcapabilities,isacomprehensivevideocontentplatformthataggregatespopularfilmandtelevision,varietyentertainment,sportsevents,newsandinformation,etc.,andprovidesuserswithhigh-definitionandsmoothvideoentertainmentexperiencethroughvariousformssuchasPC,mobileandlivingroomproducts.视频网站Videosites爱奇艺爱奇艺，于2010年4月22日正式上线，是百度旗下的视频平台。目前已成功构建了包含电商、游戏、电影票等业务在内，连接人与服务的视频商业生态，引领视频网站商业模式的多元化发展。iQIYI,officiallylaunchedonApril22,2010,isavideoplatformownedbyBaidu.Atpresent,ithassuccessfullybuiltavideobusinessecosystemthatconnectspeopleandservices,includinge-commerce,games,movieticketsandotherbusinesses,andleadsthediversifieddevelopmentofthevideowebsitebusinessmodel.优酷网是2006年正式上线的视频平台，现为阿里巴巴集团数字媒体及娱乐业务的核心业务之一，也是阿里巴巴集团“DoubleH（健康与快乐）”策略的组成部分。优酷现支持PC、电视、移动三大终端，兼具版权、合制、自制、用户生成内容(UGC)、专业生成内容(PGC)及直播等多种内容形态。优酷的日均付费用户规模正持续健康增长，于截至2020年3月31日止财政年度同比增长超过50%。Youku,avideoplatformlaunchedin2006,isnowoneofthecorebusinessesofAlibabaGroup'sdigitalmediaandentertainmentbusinessandpartofAlibabaGroup's"DoubleH"strategy.YoukunowsupportsPC,TV,andmobileterminals,andhasavarietyofcontentformssuchascopyright,co-production,self-production,user-generatedcontent(UGC),professionallygeneratedcontent(PGC),andlivebroadcast.Youku'saveragedailypayingsubscribersaregrowinghealthily,growingbymorethan50%year-on-yearforthefiscalyearendedMarch31,2020.视频网站Videosites优酷视频网站Videosites哔哩哔哩哔哩哔哩弹幕网，简称Bilibili或B站，是中国大陆一个ACG相关的弹幕视频分享网站，哔哩哔哩最初是一个二次元社区，而经过几年的生长，哔哩哔哩的标签开端变多，二次元社区、学习资源丰厚、直播平台、游戏平台、电竞赛事观看平台或是视频创作社区。Bilibilibarragenetwork,referredtoasBilibiliorBilibili,isChinesemainlandACG-relatedbarragevideosharingwebsite,Bilibiliwasoriginallyatwo-dimensionalcommunity,andafterseveralyearsofgrowth,Bilibili'slabelsbegantoincrease,two-dimensionalcommunity,Xioflearningresources,livebroadcastplatform,gameplatform,e-sportsviewingplatformorvideocreationcommunity.短视频平台Shortvideoplatform抖音短视频抖音App是一款社交类的软件，通过抖音短视频App你可以分享你的生活，同时也可以在这里认识到更多朋友，了解各种奇闻趣事。抖音实质上是一个专注年轻人的音乐短视频社区，用户可以选择歌曲，配以短视频，形成自己的作品。它与小咖秀类似，但不同的是，抖音用户可以通过视频拍摄快慢、视频编辑、特效（反复、闪一下、慢镜头）等技术让视频更具创造性，而不是简单的对嘴型。抖音平台一般都是年轻用户，配乐以电音、舞曲为主，视频分为两派：舞蹈派、创意派，共同的特点是都很有节奏感。DouyinAppisasocialsoftware,throughtheDouyinshortvideoAppyoucanshareyourlife,andatthesametime,youcanalsomeetmorefriendshereandlearnallkindsofinterestingthings.Douyinisessentiallyashortmusicvideocommunityfocusingonyoungpeople,whereuserscanchoosesongsandaccompanythemwithshortvideostoformtheirownworks.It'ssimilartoXiaojiaxiu,butthedifferenceisthatDouyinuserscanmakevideosmorecreativethroughtechniquessuchasvideoshootingspeed,videoediting,andspecialeffects(repeated,flashing,slowmotion),ratherthansimplylip-syncing.TheDouyinplatformisgenerallyyoungusers,thesoundtrackismainlyelectronicmusicanddancemusic,andthevideosaredividedintotwofactions:danceandcreative,andthecommonfeatureisthattheyareallrhythmic.短视频平台Shortvideoplatform快手短视频，隶属北京快手科技有限公司，前身为“GIF快手”，从制作、分享GIF图片的工具起步，以用户创作短视频为内容，通过直播、电商、广告、内容付费的商业模式，发展为中国领先的短视频社区。以“快手，记录世界，记录你”为核心，快手为用户提供了记录生活，分享生活以及互动交流的平台。快手目前日活跃用户数超过3亿，月活跃用户数超过4亿，日均曝光超过千亿级别（2020年截至8月数据）。2020年，快手加速推进商业化，在电商平台、媒体入驻、MCN机构内容创作等多方面发力，全面改进内容建设和商业模式。KuaishouShortVideo,asubsidiaryofBeijingKuaishouTechnologyCo.,Ltd.,formerlyknownas"GIFKuaishou",startedfromatoolforproducingandsharingGIFimages,withuserscreatingshortvideosascontent,anddevelopingintoaleadingshortvideocommunityinChinathroughthebusinessmodeloflivebroadcast,e-commerce,advertising,andcontentpayment.With"Kuaishou,RecordtheWorld,RecordYou"asthecore,Kuaishouprovidesuserswithaplatformtorecordlife,sharelifeandinteractwitheachother.Kuaishoucurrentlyhasmorethan300milliondailyactiveusers,morethan400millionmonthlyactiveusers,andanaveragedailyexposureofmorethan100billionyuan(dataasofAugust2020).In2020,Kuaishouaccelerateditscommercialization,madeeffortsine-commerceplatforms,mediaentry,andcontentcreationforMCNinstitutions,andcomprehensivelyimproveditscontentconstructionandbusinessmodel.快手短视频西瓜视频西瓜视频，是今日头条旗下独立短视频App，主打个性化短视频推荐。基于人工智能算法为用户做短视频内容推荐，它能让用户的每一次刷新，都能发现在这里开眼界，涨知识，一起点亮对生活的好奇心。XiguaVideoisanindependentshortvideoappunderToutiao,focusingonpersonalizedshortvideorecommendations.Basedontheartificialintelligencealgorithmtomakeshortvideocontentrecommendationsforusers,itallowsuserstoopentheireyeshere,increasetheirknowledge,andlightuptheircuriosityaboutlifetogethereverytimetheyrefreshit.短视频平台Shortvideoplatform火山小视频，是一款15s原创生活小视频社区，由今日头条孵化。美拍，是一款可以直播、制作小视频的软件，尤其深受女性喜爱。秒拍，是一个集观看拍摄剪辑分享于一体的超强短视频工具。微视，是腾讯旗下的短视频平台，用户不仅可以在微视上浏览各种短视频,同时还可以通过创作短视频来分享自己的所见所闻。小咖秀，是一款自带逗比功能的视频拍摄应用。用户可以配合小咖秀提供的音频字幕像唱KTV一样创作搞怪视频，同时还支持视频同步分享。梨视频，专注为年青一代提供适合移动终端观看和分享的短视频产品，内容涵盖商业、社会、科技、媒体、娱乐、生活方式等领域。短视频平台Shortvideoplatform其他短视频平台Volcanosmallvideo,isa15soriginallifesmallvideocommunity,incubatedbyToutiao.Meipaiisasoftwarethatcanbroadcastliveandmakesmallvideos,whichisespeciallypopularwithwomen.Miaopaiisasupershortvideotoolthatintegrateswatching,shooting,editingandsharing.MicrovisionisashortvideoplatformownedbyTencent,userscannotonlybrowsevariousshortvideosonWeishi,butalsosharewhattheyseeandhearbycreatingshortvideos.Xiaojiaxiuisavideoshootingappwithacomicfunction.UserscancreatefunnyvideoslikesingingKTVwiththeaudiosubtitlesprovidedbyXiaojiaxiu,andtheyalsosupportsynchronousvideosharing.PearVideofocusesonprovidingshortvideoproductssuitableformobileviewingandsharingfortheyoungergeneration,coveringbusiness,society,technology,media,entertainment,lifestyleandotherfields.模块四：新媒体视频拍摄与剪辑技术Module4:NewMediaVideoShootingandEditingTechniques单元二：视频拍摄技术Module2:VideoShootingTechniques手机拍摄技术Takenbymobilephonetechnology相机拍摄技术Camerashootingtechnology目

录TableofContents020101相机拍摄技术CamerashootingtechnologyPARTONE相机拍摄技术Camerashootingtechnology相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology光线运用技术Lightapplicationtechnology相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera像素越大，所拍摄视频的尺寸就越大。但过高的像素也会带来负面影响，比如文件占用过多存储空间、手机处理速度下降等。不必一味地追求高像素手机，而应根据实际播放需求选择合适像素的手机。全国青少年科学影像节要求参赛影片的分辨率为720×576(像素)或1280×720(像素)，目前绝大部分的智能手机都能实现1920×1080(像素)，即全高清(1080P)视频的拍摄。Thelargerthepixels,thelargerthesizeofthevideobeingcaptured.However,toohighapixelcanalsohavenegativeconsequences,suchasfilestakinguptoomuchstoragespaceandslowingdownyourphone'sprocessingspeed.Youdon'thavetoblindlypursuehigh-pixelphones,butyoushouldchoosetherightpixelphoneaccordingtoyouractualplaybackneeds.TheNationalYouthScienceVideoFestivalrequirestheresolutionoftheparticipatingfilmstobe720×576(pixels)or1280×720(pixels),andmostsmartphonescanachieve1920×1080(pixels),thatis,fullHD(1080P)videoshooting快门是控制光线和感光元件之间反应时间的装置，也就是光线在感光元件上停留的时间长短。一般来说，快门越快曝光时间越短，相对来说曝光量也就越小，曝光时间越长，相对来说曝光量也就越大。快门的快慢对于一张照片也有着决定性作用，一般来说高速快门能够定格画面，可以用来拍摄体育赛事等运动场景，而慢快门能表现出细腻的线性运动轨迹，常用来拍摄夜景，流水等，具体引用以自身对画面的要求而定。有部分比较专业的单反相机还特别设置了不限制快门时间的档位，俗称：“B档”。可以根据拍摄需要控制快门释放时间（30秒以上甚至更长时间）多数应用于夜间星空拍摄。Theshutterisadevicethatcontrolsthereactiontimebetweenthelightandthesensor,thatis,thelengthoftimethelightstaysonthesensor.Generallyspeaking,thefastertheshutter,theshortertheexposuretime,thesmallertheexposurewillbe,andthelongertheexposuretime,thelargertheexposurewillbe.Thespeedoftheshutteralsoplaysadecisiveroleinaphoto,generallyspeaking,thehigh-speedshuttercanfreezethepicture,whichcanbeusedtoshootsportsscenessuchassportsevents,whiletheslowshuttercanshowadelicatelinearmovementtrajectory,whichisoftenusedtoshootnightscenes,flowingwater,etc.,andthespecificreferencedependsonitsownrequirementsforthepicture.SomeofthemoreprofessionalSLRcamerasalsosetagearthatdoesnotlimittheshuttertime,commonlyknownas"Bgear".Theshutterreleasetime(30secondsormore)canbecontrolledaccordingtotheshootingneeds,andmostofthemareusedfornightskyshooting.相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera光线较暗的环境下拍摄所得的画面容易模糊不清，这与手机镜头的光圈有关。光圈越大，代表单位时间内的通光量越大。在低照度下，大光圈手机可以获得较高的快门速度，这对保持准确对焦和拍摄稳定性都是至关重要的。智能手机镜头使用的基本是固定光圈，因此，选择大光圈手机摄像在成像质量上往往具有优势。Imagesshotinlow-lightenvironmentstendtobeblurry,whichisrelatedtotheapertureofthephone'slens.Thelargertheaperture,thegreatertheamountoflightperunitoftime.Inlowlight,wide-aperturephonescanachievehighshutterspeeds,whicharecriticalformaintainingaccuratefocusandshootingstability.Smartphonelensesbasicallyuseafixedaperture,sochoosingawide-aperturemobilecameraoftenhasanadvantageintermsofimagequality.光圈光圈参数Apertureparameters相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera感光度speed感光度是指照相机感光元件对光线的敏感程度。在相机上用（ISO）表示。不同的相机感光度的能力有所不同，从100——12800不等。不同的相机感光元件的感光能力也不同，一般来说感光度越低拍摄档位画面越细腻。而反之则拍摄的画面早点回越高，对于摄影师而言，尤其是人像摄影尽量避免使用高ISO。Lightsensitivityreferstohowsensitiveacamera'ssensoristolight.Representedby(ISO)onthecamera.Differentcamerashavedifferentsensitivities,rangingfrom100to12,800.Differentcamerashavedifferentsensitivitycapabilities,andgenerallyspeaking,thelowerthesensitivity,themoredetailedtheimagewillbeintheshootinggear.Onthecontrary,theearliertheimageisreturned,andforphotographers,especiallyportraitphotography,trytoavoidusinghighISO.佳能相机感光度表现Canoncamerasensitivityperformance相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera白平衡Whitebalance通过图像调整，使在各种光线条件下拍摄出的照片色彩和人眼所看到的景物色彩基本相同。Byadjustingtheimage,thecolorofthephototakeninvariouslightconditionsisbasicallythesameasthecolorofthesceneseenbythehumaneye白平衡参数Whitebalanceparameters相机的基本参数Basicparametersofthecamera曝光补偿Exposurecompensation曝光补偿是一种曝光控制方式，一般常见在±2-3EV左右，如果环境光源偏暗，即可增加曝光值(如调整为+1EV、+2EV)以突显画面的清晰度。曝光补偿就是有意识地变更相机自动演算出的“合适”曝光参数，让照片更明亮或者更昏暗的拍摄手法。Exposurecompensationisatypeofexposurecontrol,usuallyaround±2-3EV,iftheambientlightsourceisdim,youcanincreasetheexposurevalue(e.g.,adjustto+1EV,+2EV)tohighlighttheclarityoftheimage.Exposurecompensationisawayofconsciouslychangingthe"appropriate"exposureparametersautomaticallycalculatedbythecameratomakethephotobrighterordarker.曝光补偿参数Exposurecompensationparameters拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques1.对称symmetry给人一种平衡、古典、端庄的美感，甚至可以营造诡异、阴森、压迫式的氛围。具有相同形状的景致从左右或上下秩序排布，可以构成对称画面效果。Itgivespeopleabalanced,classical,dignifiedaesthetic,andcanevencreateaneerie,eerie,andoppressiveatmosphere.Landscapeswiththesameshapearearrangedinanorderlymannerfromlefttorightorupanddown,whichcanformasymmetricalpictureeffect.张艺谋的《大红灯笼高高挂》是对称构图的典范。ZhangYimou's"TheRedLanternHangsHigh"isamodelofsymmetricalcomposition拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques2.黄金分割goldensection使用这种构图可以让作品透露出优雅、神秘的艺术气质Theuseofthiscompositionallowstheworktorevealanelegant,mysteriousartistictemperament.使用手机中的“井”字格，实现黄金构图拍摄。Usethe"well"gridinyourphonetoachievegoldencompositionshooting在摄影和视频中，『对称』和『黄金分割』是两种最常用、也是不会犯错的构图方式。拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques3.三角形构图Triangularcomposition三角形构图是一种形式感强的构图方式。正置三角形构图是最稳定的，例如《龙猫》、《千与千寻》中三角式构图，倒置三角形构图是最不稳定的，介于两者之间的是倾斜的三角形构图，有动荡的感觉。Triangularcompositionisaformofcomposition.Theuprighttrianglecompositionisthemoststable,suchasthetriangularcompositioninMyNeighborTotoroandSpiritedAway,theinvertedtrianglecompositionisthemostunstable,andinbetweenistheobliquetriangularcompositionwithasenseofturmoil.拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques3.三角形构图Triangularcomposition倒置三角形构图画面显得比较调皮,但又不失稳重，是最不稳定的，Theinvertedtrianglecompositionpicturelooksmorenaughty,butitisnotsteady,anditisthemostunstable.拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques3.三角形构图Triangularcomposition倾斜的三角形构图介于正三角形和倒三角形之间的，有动荡的感觉。Theobliquetriangularcompositionissomewherebetweenaregulartriangleandaninvertedtriangle,withaturbulentfeel.拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques4.S形构图“S”型构图是指物体以“S“的形状从前景向中景和后景延伸，画面构成纵深方向的空间关系的视觉感，一般以河流、道路、铁轨等物体为常见。这种构图特点是画面比较生动，富有空间感，动感效果强。具有优美的活力韵味，而且画面显得生动活泼，有力的表现其场面的空间感与深度感。一般都是从画面左下角向右上角延伸，如《花木兰》、《埃及王子》中S形构图。4.S-shapedcompositionThe"S"shapeofthecompositionreferstothevisualsensethattheobjectextendsfromtheforegroundtothemiddleandbackgroundintheshapeof"S",andthepictureconstitutesavisualsenseofthespatialrelationshipinthedirectionofdepth,generallywithrivers,roads,railroadtracksandotherobjectsascommon.Thiskindofcompositionischaracterizedbyarelativelyvividpicture,asenseofspace,andastrongdynamiceffect.Ithasabeautifulvitalitycharm,andthepictureappearsvividandlively,powerfullyexpressingthesenseofspaceanddepthofthescene.Itgenerallyextendsfromthelowerleftcornerofthepicturetotheupperrightcorner,suchastheS-shapedcompositionin"Mulan"and"ThePrinceofEgypt".拍摄构图技术Shootingcompositiontechniques5.水平线构图Horizontallinecomposition“水平线构图比较常用于表现广阔的景物，比如海面、湖面、草原这类题材。拍照时可以根据水平线的位置进行构图，来表现主体。水平线可以给人以开阔、永恒、宁静的感觉"Horizontallinecompositionismoreoftenusedtoexpressawidelandscape,suchasthesea,lake,grassland,andsoon.Whentakingaphoto,youcanframetheimageaccordingtothepositionofthehorizontallinetoexpressthesubject.Horizontallinescangiveafeelingofopenness,timelessness,andserenity.景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology景别与景别组的特性不同。景别是由于镜头与被摄主体的距离不同,被摄主体在影片中所呈现出的画面范围的区别,是镜头画面的类别,是一种非常重要的视觉形式。景别的有效运用是体现创作者构思的有效手段,运用是否恰当,决定创作者是否主题明确,故事是否清断,对景物各部分的细节表现是否合适等等。景别组是通过将一个个景别进行组接后,形成一组完整的画面叙事内容。Thecharacteristicsofthescenearedifferentfromthescenegroup.Thesceneisduetothedifferenceinthedistancebetweenthelensandthesubject,andthedifferenceintherangeofthepicturepresentedbythesubjectinthefilm,whichisthecategoryofthelensandisaveryimportantvisualform.Theeffectiveuseofsceneryisaneffectivemeanstoreflectthecreator'sidea,whethertheuseisappropriate,determineswhetherthecreatorhasacleartheme,whetherthestoryisclear,whetherthedetailsofeachpartofthesceneareappropriate,andsoon.Thescenegroupistoformacompletesetofpicturenarrativecontentaftercombiningthescenesonebyone.景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology景别与景别组的区别景别是单个景别画面的表现,景别组是将景别按照景别组接技巧一组一组的展现在短视频的表达中,形成完整的故事表现。景别组的存在也是为了有效控制短视频的表现节奏。通常观察自然界的事物、某种现象或各种人物时,从心理上视觉上可根据需要随时改变观察的视角。例如,浏览整体场景,聚焦某个细节,关注人物神情变化等等。由此原因,产生了景别的不同范围。Thedifferencebetweenscenesandscenegroupsistheperformanceofasinglescenepicture,andthescenegroupistodisplaythescenesinagroupaccordingtothescenegroupconnectionskillsintheexpressionoftheshortvideo,formingacompletestoryperformance.Theexistenceofthescenegroupisalsotoeffectivelycontroltheperformancerhythmofshortvideos.Usually,whenobservingthingsinthenaturalworld,acertainphenomenonorvariouspeople,theperspectiveofobservationcanbechangedatanytimeaccordingtothepsychologicalandvisualneeds.Forexample,gothroughtheoverallscene,focusonadetail,payattentiontothechangesinthecharacters'expressions,andsoon.Forthisreason,therearedifferentrangesofscenes.景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology景别是一种很重要的镜头语言,一般分为远景、全景、中景、近景和特写。Sceneisaveryimportantlenslanguage,whichisgenerallydividedintolong-range,panorama,medium-shot,close-upandclose-up.(1)远景：远景一般用于短视频的开头、结束或场景转换镜头中,交代主体在事件中的环境,让画面形成舒缓的节奏,具有强烈的抒情性等。(1)Longview:Longviewisgenerallyusedatthebeginningandendofshortvideosorinscenetransitions,explainingthesubject'senvironmentintheevent,makingthepictureformasoothingrhythmandhavingstronglyricism.景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology景别是一种很重要的镜头语言,一般分为远景、全景、中景、近景和特写。Sceneisaveryimportantlenslanguage,whichisgenerallydividedintolong-range,panorama,medium-shot,close-upandclose-up.(2)全景：全景是展现环境全貌、主体人物全局的景别。全景的重心在主体上,也就是人物为主,环境为辅。被摄主体占34的画面宽度,头和脚上下保留一定的引导空间。(2)Panorama:Panoramaisascenethatshowsthewholepictureoftheenvironmentandtheoverallsituationofthemaincharacter.Thecenterofgravityofthepanoramaisonthesubject,thatis,thecharactersarethemainones,andtheenvironmentissupplemented.Thesubjectoccupies34percentoftheframewidth,leavingacertainamountofguidancespaceupanddowntheheadandfeet.景别运用技术Sceneusetechnology使用景别组制作短视频，近景拟神,远景写意,远全中近特为一个基本的景别组,景别组的运用可以表现不同的画面节奏和主次关系。用不同的景别变换交替地、有条有理有节奏地交代环境、交代关系、交代要表现的故事内容,利用一个完整的景别组去描述一个主体。景别组是短视频制作中最符合视觉表现的一种视频制作技巧。Theuseofscenegroupstoproduceshortvideos,closescenemimeticism,distantfreehand,farandwidemiddleandnearspecialisabasicscenegroup,theuseofscenegroupcanshowdifferentpicturerhythmsandprimaryandsecondaryrelationships.Usedifferentscenechangestoexplaintheenvironment,therelationship,andthecontentofthestorytobeexpressedalternately,inanorderlyandrhythmicmanner,anduseacompletescenegrouptodescribeasubject.Scenegroupisoneofthemostvisuallyappropriatevideoproductiontechniquesinshortvideoproduction.光线运用技术Lightapplicationtechnology光是摄影的灵魂，善于利用太阳，将会拍出生动而富有生命力的照片。拍摄时，一定要注意拍摄主体，拍摄位置和角度，以及光线条件这三者之间的关系。要善于利用光线，拍摄前心中要有光线意识。Lightisthesoulofphotography,andifyoumakegooduseofthesun,youwilltakevividandvibrantphotos.Whenshooting,besuretopayattentiontotherelationshipbetweenthesubject,thepositionandangleoftheshot,andthelightingcond