新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程B3U4 Section B

Unit4WhenworkisapleasureEveryprofessionproducesitsownforemostexperts—AChinesesaying读万卷书不如行万里路。——中国谚语读写教程3SectionBReadingskillsDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionCollocation新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Section

BRecognizingsignalwordsSignalwordsarewordsandphrasesthatshowtherelationsbetweenideas.Likesignpostsontheroadthatguidethetraveler,theyhelpthereaderfollowtheauthor’strainofthought.Understandingthemisveryimportanttocomprehension.Commonsignalwordsshowemphasis,addition,comparisonorcontrast,illustration,causeandeffect,andsequenceortimeorder.Formoredetailedinformation,pleaserefertoReadingskillsinB1U4.ThefollowingaresomeexamplesofsignalwordstakenfromTextA.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BReadingwithbackgroundknowledgeTolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfromcompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.(Para.4)(contrast;causeandeffect;addition)Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.(Para.5)(addition;causeandeffect)新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskills1

PickoutthemainsignalwordsinthefollowingsentencesfromTextB,anddecidewhatkindsofconnectiontheyshow.1Isattherewithmyshoesoff,watchingashegotreadytostitchupmyshoesI’dentrustedtohim.Helookedsadlyattheleathercoveringtheheel.ItwaswornthroughbecauseIhadfailedtohavetheshoespatchedamonthago.Igrewalittleimpatient,forIwasrushingtomeetafriend.“Pleasehurry,”Ibegged.(Para.4)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsIsattherewithmyshoesoff,watchingashegotreadytostitchupmyshoesI’dentrustedtohim.Helookedsadlyattheleathercoveringtheheel.ItwaswornthroughbecauseIhadfailedtohavetheshoespatchedamonthago.Igrewalittleimpatient,forIwasrushingtomeetafriend.“Pleasehurry,”Ibegged.(Para.4)(timeorder;causeandeffect;causeandeffect)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskills1

PickoutthemainsignalwordsinthefollowingsentencesfromTextB,anddecidewhatkindsofconnectiontheyshow.2Thereafter,wewavedtoeachotherinafriendlygreetingwhenIpassedhisshopeveryday.AtfirstIwentinonlywhenIhadrepairworktobedone.ThenIfoundmyselflingeringinhisstoreordroppingineveryfewdays,justtochatwithhimforthejoyhewouldimpart.(Para.10)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsThereafter,wewavedtoeachotherinafriendlygreetingwhenIpassedhisshopeveryday.AtfirstIwentinonlywhenIhadrepairworktobedone.ThenIfoundmyselflingeringinhisstoreordroppingineveryfewdays,justtochatwithhimforthejoyhewouldimpart.(Para.10)(timeorder;timeorder;timeorder;timeorder)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskills1

PickoutthemainsignalwordsinthefollowingsentencesfromTextB,anddecidewhatkindsofconnectiontheyshow.3Heponderedthatforaminutebeforeanswering.Thenhelookedatmeseriously.“Thereisonlyoneway.Everymanorwomanwhohasn’tinheritedapridefultraditionmuststartbuildingone.Inthiscountry,eachofuscanmakeourowncontributiontothefabricofsociety,andwemustendeavortomakeitagoodone.Nomatterwhatsortofworkapersondoes,iftheygiveittheirbesteachday,SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskills1

PickoutthemainsignalwordsinthefollowingsentencesfromTextB,anddecidewhatkindsofconnectiontheyshow. they’restartingatraditionfortheirchildrentoliveupto.Whenapersonamendstheirwaysandlearnstotakeprideintheirwork,alifetimeofhappinesswillensue.”(Para.16)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsHeponderedthatforaminutebeforeanswering.Thenhelookedatmeseriously.“Thereisonlyoneway.Everymanorwomanwhohasn’tinheritedapridefultraditionmuststartbuildingone.Inthiscountry,eachofuscanmakeourowncontributiontothefabricofsociety,andwemustendeavortomakeitagoodone.Nomatterwhatsortofworkapersondoes,iftheygiveittheirbesteachday,they’restartingatraditionfortheirchildrentoliveupto.WhenapersonSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskillsamendstheirwaysandlearnstotakeprideintheirwork,alifetimeofhappinesswillensue.”(Para.16)(timeorder;timeorder;addition;causeandeffect;causeandeffect;addition)SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程31Ifirstmethimin1965,whenIrushedintohislittleshoptohavetheheelsofmyshoesrepaired.Hegreetedmewithacheerfulsmileandinstanthospitality.“You’renewinthisneighborhood,aren’tyou?”2Indeed,Ihadmovedintoahouseattheendofthestreetonlytheweekbefore.ThejoyofapridefultraditionDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程33“Thisisafineneighborhood,”hesaid.“You’llbehappyhere.”4Isattherewithmyshoesoff,watchingashegotreadytostitchupmyshoesI’dentrustedtohim.Helookedsadlyattheleathercoveringtheheel.ItwaswornthroughbecauseIhadfailedtohavetheshoespatchedamonthago.Igrewalittleimpatient,forIwasrushingtomeetafriend.“Pleasehurry,”Ibegged.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程35Helookedatmeoverhisspectacles.“Now,don’tworry.Iwon’tbelong.ThishandicraftismyspecialtyandIwanttodoagoodjob.”Hewassilentamoment.“Yousee,Ihaveatraditiontoliveupto.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程36Atradition?InthismodestlittleshopthatwasnodifferentfromsomanyothershoerepairshopsontheresidentialsidestreetsofWashington?Thethoughtseemedabitabsurd.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程37Hemusthavesensedmybias,forhesmiledwithagleaminhiseyesashewenton.“Yes,Iinheritedatradition.Myfatheralwaystoldme,‘Son,dothebestjoboneveryshoethatcomesintotheshop,andbeproudofyourfinework.Ifyouworkwithdedication,you’llalwayshavehappinessandmoney.’”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程38Ashehandedmethefinishedshoes,hesaid,“Thesewilllastalongtime.I’veusedgoodleather.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程39Ileftinahurry,butIhadawarmandgratefulfeeling.OnmywayhomeIpassedthelittleshopagain.Therehewas,sittingamongsthistools,stillworking.Hesawme,andhewavedandsmiled,ascordialascouldbe.Thatwasthebeginningofourfriendship,afellowshipthatcametomeanmoreandmoretomeastimepassed.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程310Thereafter,wewavedtoeachotherinafriendlygreetingwhenIpassedhisshopeveryday.AtfirstIwentinonlywhenIhadrepairworktobedone.ThenIfoundmyselflingeringinhisstoreordroppingineveryfewdays,justtochatwithhimforthejoyhewouldimpart.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程311Hewasatallman,bentfromlongyearsofwork.Whatlittlehairhehadwasgray;hisfacewasdeeplylined.And,Irememberbesthisfinedarkeyes,alivewithhischaritable,carefree,andhumorousspirit.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程312HewasthehappiestmanI’veeverknown.Often,ashestoodinfrontofhisdooroverseeingthestreet,workingatapairofshoes,hesangabeautifulmelodyinahigh,clearvoice.Neighborsnicknamedhim“thesingingcobbler”.Theneighborhoodchildrenlovedhim.He’dperiodicallypausehisworktorefereeargumentsorgiveoutcandy.Hehadnopatienceforbullyingandwouldinsistthechildrenplayfairinfrontofhisstore.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程313Oneday,Icameawayfrommyhousefilledwithfurybecauseofapoorjobsomepaintershaddoneonmyhouse.MyfriendwavedtomeasIwalkedby,soIwentintohisshoptoventmyfrustration.Heletmespeakangrilyaboutthepoorworkandcarelessnessofpresent-dayworkmen.“Theyhadnoprideintheirwork,”Isaid.“Theyjustwantedtocollectmoneyfordoingnothing!Theundutifulattitudethesedaysisalmostasin.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程314Heconsoledme,saying,“There’salotofthatkindaround,butmaybeweshouldnotblamethemtoorashly.Maybetheirparentshadnoprideintheirwork.That’shardonachild.Itkeepsachildfromlearningwhat’simportant.”15“Whatcanbedoneaboutit?”Iasked.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程316Heponderedthatforaminutebeforeanswering.Thenhelookedatmeseriously.“Thereisonlyoneway.Everymanorwomanwhohasn’tinheritedapridefultraditionmuststartbuildingone.Inthiscountry,eachofuscanmakeourowncontributiontothefabricofsociety,andwemustendeavortoDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3makeitagoodone.Nomatterwhatsortofworkapersondoes,iftheygiveittheirbesteachday,they’restartingatraditionfortheirchildrentoliveupto.Whenapersonamendstheirwaysandlearnstotakeprideintheirwork,alifetimeofhappinesswillensue.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程317Itraveledforafewmonthsonbusiness,andshortlyaftermyreturn,Iwalkeddownthestreet,lookingforwardtoseeingmyfriendagain.YetwhenIarrived,Ifoundthedoorclosed.Therewasalittlesign:“Callforshoesatshopnextdoor.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程318Iwentintothenextshop,andwhatIheardpiercedmyheart.Yes,theoldmanhadpassedaway.Hewasstrickenwithaninfectiousillnesstwoweeksbeforeanddiedtwodayslater.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程319Iwentawaywithawretched

voidinmyheart.Iwouldmisshim,terribly.Buthehadleftmesomething,animportantpieceofwisdomIwillinvariablyremember:“Ifyouhaveinheritedapridefultradition,youmustcarry

iton;ifyouhaven’t,thenstartbuildingonenow.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Hegreetedmewithahappysmile,receivingmewarmlyrightaway.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

hospitality:n.

[U]friendlyandgenerousbehaviortowardvisitorsandguests,intendedtomakethemfeelwelcome（对客人的）友好款待，好客，殷勤

Weweregreatlydelightedbythehospitalityofthelocalpeople.当地人的热情好客令我们感到非常愉快。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Itookoffmyshoesandsatthere,watchingashegotreadytodosomerepairworkontheshoesI’dgiventohim.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

stitch:vt.

sewtwopiecesofclothtogether,orsewadecorationontoa

pieceofcloth缝；缝合；缝补；缝缀

Tomakeapillow,putthefeathersintoabag,andthenstitchthebagclosed.做枕头时，将羽毛放进枕套中，然后将枕套缝合。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]ashortpieceofthreadthathasbeensewnintoapieceofcloth,ortheactionofthethreadgoingintoandoutofthecloth（缝纫中的）一针；缝

Keepthestitchessmallanddon’tgotoowideonthebacksideasthestitchescanbecomelooseovertime.背面针脚缝小，不要过宽，因为时间长了它们会变松。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

stitchsth.up:putstitchesinclothorawoundinordertofastenpartsofittogether把…缝合，缝拢

Whendoctorsstitchupanopenwound,theyjointheskintogethersothatitwillheal.当医生缝合开放性伤口时，他们将皮肤合拢以便伤口愈合。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

ItwaswornoutbecauseIhadfailedtohavetheshoesrepairedamonthago.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

patch:vt.repairaholeinsth.byputtingapieceofsth.elseoverit修补；缝补

Carlpatchedhisoldfootball,butitsoonleakedairagain.卡尔将旧的足球补好，但很快足球又漏气了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]asmallareaofsth.thatisdifferentfromtheareaaroundit（与周围部分不同的）小片，小块

Isatdownonapatchofdryyellowgrassandletthesunwarmmyback.我坐在一块枯黄的草地上，让阳光温暖着我的后背。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

spectacle:n.

1)(~s)[pl.](fml.)glassesthathelpyousee眼镜

Hetookoffhisspectacles,closedhiseyes,andmassagedthebridgeofhisnose.他取下眼镜，闭上双眼，按摩起了鼻梁。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)[C]averyimpressiveshoworscene精彩的表演；壮观的场面（或景象）

Theseplantsareaparticularlybeautifulspectacleduringthespring,whenthehillsidesbecomegreenanddottedwithflowers.这些植物在春天尤其美丽，那时山坡转绿，朵朵花儿点缀其间。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

ThismanualworkofrepairingshoesissomethingIamskilledatandIwanttodoagoodjob.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

handicraft:n.

[C,usu.pl.](alsocraft)anactivitysuchassewingormakingbaskets,inwhichyouuseyourhandsinaskillfulwaytomakethings手工艺；手艺

Thismetalhandicraftissoldprimarilyatopen-airorroadsidemarkets.这种金属手工艺品主要在露天场所或路边市场售卖。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

specialty:n.[C](BrE

speciality)1)asubjectorjobthatyouknowalotaboutorhavealotofexperienceof专业；专门研究；专长

Nightphotographywasn’thisspecialty,butheacceptedtheassignmententhusiastically.夜间摄影不是他的专长，但他还是热情地接受了任务。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)atypeoffoodthataperson,restaurant,orareaiswellknownfor（某人、餐馆或地方的）特色食品

Thewaitressservedthegroupoftouristseveryspecialtytherestauranthad.服务员给这群游客呈上饭店里的每一款特色食品。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

liveuptosth.:beasgoodaswhatwasexpectedorpromised符合（期望）；实践（诺言）

Doyoueverfeelpressuredtoliveuptotheexpectationsofyourfamilyorfriends?你是否曾经为了达到家人或朋友的期望而感到有压力？DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Inthisverymodestlittleshopthatwasmuchlikeothershoe-repairshopsalongthesideroadsintheneighborhoodsinWashington?Meaningbeyondwords:Heretheauthorisdoubtfulwhetherthereisatraditioninsuchanordinaryshop.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

residential.:a.(ofanareaofatown)suitableforlivingin;consistingofhousesratherthanfactoriesoroffices（城镇中的地区）适合居住的，住宅的

Afewblocksfromthehotel,hewanderedintoaresidentialneighborhoodwherehesawhowlocalpeoplelived.在距离宾馆几个街区的地方，他转悠进一个住宅区，在那儿看到了当地人的生活状况。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thethoughtseemedabitridiculous.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

absurd:a.completelystupidorunreasonable愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的

Don’tconsideritanabsurdidea,justbecauseyou’venevertrieditforyourself.不要因为你从未自己尝试过就认为这是个荒唐的主意。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

HemusthavefeltthatIhadaprejudiceagainsthim,whichcouldbeinferredfromhissmileandtheexpressioninhiseyeswhenhecontinuedspeaking.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

bias:n.

[sing.,U]anopinionaboutwhetheraperson,group,orideaisgoodorbadthatinfluenceshowyoudealwithit偏见；成见；偏心

Unconsciousbiascaninfluencedecisionsinrecruitment,promotion,andperformancemanagement.无意识的偏见会影响招聘、晋升和绩效管理方面的决定。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

gleam:n.[C]

1)anemotionorexpressionthatappearsforamomentonsb.’sface（某人脸上）闪现的情绪

Forafleetinginstant,Isawagleamofsomethingliketriumphinhereyes.在短短的一瞬间，我看见她眼睛里闪过一丝喜悦。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3 2)asmallpalelight,esp.onethatshinesforashorttime（尤指短暂的）微光，闪光

Theislandisveryquiet,withhereandthereagleamofsunlightonthemovingwater.岛上很安静，流动的水面上处处波光闪闪。vi.shinesoftly发微光；闪烁

Hernewcarisparkedoutsidethehouse,gleaminginthesunshine.她的新车停在房子外面，在阳光下熠熠闪光。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Thatwasthebeginningofourfriendship,whichbecamemoreandmoreimportanttomeastimewentby.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

fellowship:n.

[C,U]afeelingoffriendshipresultingfromsharedinterestsorexperiences（因共同的兴趣或经历而产生的）友情，友谊

Thesenseoffellowshipisenhancedwhenmemberscometogetherasagrouptohelpothers.当成员们聚集成一个群体去帮助别人时，友情会得到提升。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

ThenIfoundmyselfhangingaroundhisstoreorvisitingthestoreeveryfewdays,justtochatwithhimbecausehewouldgivememuchjoy.Meaningbeyondwords:Thissentenceimpliesthattheauthordidn’trealizeshehadbeensomuchinfluencedbytheshoerepairerthatsheoftenvisitedthestorejusttochatwithhim.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

linger:vi.(also~on)1)staysomewherealittlelonger,esp.becauseyoudonotwanttoleave（尤因不想离开而）逗留，流连

Ihadlingeredtoolongattheglassfactoryandmissedmytrain.我在玻璃厂逗留太久了，于是错过了火车。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)continuetoexist,benoticeable,etc.forlongerthanisusualordesirable继续存留（较惯常或理想的时间长）

Thetastewilllingerinthemouthforanhourormore,anditisimpossibletotasteanythingelseafterasipofthisdrink.这味道会在嘴里存留一个小时甚至更久，只要喝一口这种饮料就尝不出其他味道了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

dropin(onsb.):visitsb.youknow,usu.withoutarrangingaparticulartime顺便造访；临时拜访

Thenexttimeyoudropin,Iwillreturnthebookyoulentme.下次你来的时候，我会把你借给我的书还给你。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

impart:vt.(fml.)giveaparticularqualitytosth.赋予，给予（某种品质）

Whatyousaytoyourchildrencanimpartloveandbuildbridgesofhopeforthem.你对孩子说的话能传达你的爱，为他们架起希望的桥梁。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Hehadlittlehair,whichwasgray;hisfacewasfullofdeepwrinkles.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSentencestructurenote“whatlittle(few)+noun”表示“虽少但全都”。例如：Heusedwhatlittleinfluencehehadtomakeitasuccess.

他用尽自己微薄的影响力去促成那件事。SectionBMeaning:

And,Irememberveryclearlyhisfinedarkeyes,whichshowedakindandhumoroussoulwithoutanyworries.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

charitable:a.1)kindandsympatheticinthewayyoujudgepeople仁慈的；宽容的；具有同情心的

Withthehelpofsomeverycharitabledoctors,shewasabletochangethelivesofmorethanahundredkids.在一些富有同情心的医生的帮助下，她成功改变了一百多个孩子的命运。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)relatingtogivinghelptothepoor慈善的 Thisisacharitableorganization,dependinguponvoluntarycontributionsfromthepublicforitsfunds.这是一个慈善组织，其资金来自公众的自愿捐款。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

carefree

a.havingnoworriesorproblems无忧无虑的；无牵挂的

Childhoodisconsideredatimeofinnocence,andchildrenusuallyliveacarefreelifeduringthistime.童年被认为是一段单纯天真的时期，在这段时间里，孩子们通常过着无忧无虑的生活。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Often,ashestoodinfrontofhisdoorwherehecouldhaveafullviewofthestreet,workingatapairofshoes,hesangabeautifultuneinahigh,clearvoice.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

oversee:vt.(oversaw,overseen)1)surveyorwatch,asfromahigherposition俯瞰；眺望

Istoodupandwenttolookoutofawindow,overseeingthedrivewaywhereIhadjustpulledin.我站起来，走到窗边朝外看，俯瞰我刚才停车的车道。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)watchsth.inordertocheckthatitworksorhappensinthewayitshould监督；管理

Thesepolicieshavebeendesignedtooverseethelaborrelationsestablishedinacontractbetweenenterprisesandworkers.这些政策是为了监管公司与工人合同里的劳动关系而设计的。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

melody:n.[C]atuneorsong,esp.asimpleone（尤指简单的）曲调，歌曲

Hebeganplayingadelightfulmelodyonhisflutewithgreatvigor.他开始充满活力地用笛子吹奏欢快的曲调。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Neighborscalledhim“thesingingcobbler”.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

nickname:vt.givesb.aninformalname给…起绰号；给…起诨名

Herfamilynicknamedher“LittlePotato”becauseshelovedeatingpotatoes.因为她喜欢吃土豆，她的家人给她起绰号为“小土豆”。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]aninformalnameforsb.orsth.,esp.anamethatyouarecalledbyyourfriendsorfamily,usu.basedonyourrealnameoryourcharacter外号；绰号；诨名

Thevalleyhasanickname“theSnowHouse”,becauseofthemassesofsnowdriftsthatcollecthere.这个山谷有个绰号叫“雪屋”，因为这里有很多雪堆。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Hewouldoccasionallystophisworktosettleargumentsorgivepeoplecandy.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

periodic:a.(also

~al)(onlybeforenoun)happeningrepeatedlyoveraperiodoftime时而发生的；间歇（性）的

Forsometimehepursuedherandmadeperiodicvisitstohercountryhometoseeher.有一阵子他追求她，时不时到她乡下的家中探访。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

periodically:ad.

时而发生地；间歇（性）地

Justlikemyparentsdid,hisparentswouldperiodicallyvisitusandespeciallyenjoyedspendingtimewiththechildren.跟我父母一样，他父母隔一段时间也会到我们家来，尤其喜欢与孩子们待在一起。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

referee:v.beareferee仲裁；调停；当裁判；为…担任裁判

Thematchwillberefereedbytheprimaryschoolheadmaster.比赛将由这所小学的校长担任裁判。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]

1)sb.whomakessurethattherulesofasportsuchasfootball,basketball,orboxing,arefollowed（体育比赛的）裁判（员）

Duringthesoccermatch,therefereegavearedcardtotheplayerwhohadpushedoneofhisopponentstothegroundonpurpose.在这场足球赛中，裁判给了那名故意推倒对手的球员一张红牌。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)sb.whoisaskedtosettleadisagreement仲裁员；公断者；调解人

Hisjobistoactasarefereebetweenthepartiesinvolved.他的工作是充当相关各方的调解人。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

givesth.out:givesth.toeachpersoninagroup分发

Thetelevisionstation'smanagementisgivingoutfreeticketstothefilmingofaverypopularshow.电视台管理层正在发放免费票，用以参加一档热门节目的录制。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Hedidnotallowfrighteningandhurtingtheweak,andheinsistedthechildrenplaygamesinafairandhonestwayinfrontofhisstore.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

bully:vt.threatentohurtsb.orfrightenthem,esp.sb.smallerorweaker欺侮，霸凌，恐吓（尤指以大欺小，恃强凌弱）

Astrongmandoesnotneedtobullyotherpeopletofeelbetter.一个强大的人不需要通过欺侮别人来使自己感觉良好。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]sb.whousestheirstrengthorpowertofrightenorhurtsb.whoisweaker恃强凌弱者；以大欺小者；霸凌者

Havinganatmosphereofrespectandkindnessinthehouseisagoodstarttopreventyourchildrenfrombecomingabully.在家中营造尊重、友好的氛围是防止孩子成为霸凌者的良好开端。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

bullying:n.[U]behaviorthatfrightensorhurtssb.smallerorweaker恃强凌弱（行为）

Schoolscanhelpavoidbullyingbyprovidingasupportiveenvironmentandcreatingafeelingofbelongingforthestudents.学校可通过提供支持性环境，以及给学生创造归属感来帮助避免霸凌行为。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★playfair:dosth.inafairandhonestway公平办事；按规则做

Parentsshouldknowwhothecompanionsoftheirchildrenare,astheymaybelearningfromthemtoplayfairortocheat.父母应该清楚孩子的伙伴都有哪些人，因为孩子有可能会跟同伴学到公平处事，也有可能学会欺骗。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Oneday,Ileftmyhousewithgreatangerbecausesomepaintershaddoneapoorjobonmyhouse.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★comeaway:leaveaplacewithaparticularfeelingoridea（带着某种感觉或想法）离开

Icameawayfromthemeetingwiththefeelingthatmycolleaguesdidn’treallyapproveofme.我从会议离开时，感觉我的同事实际上并不赞同我。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★fury:n.[U]extreme,oftenuncontrolledanger暴怒；狂怒

Hehadtosuppresshisfuryinordertobringinsomenewclients.为了争取一些新客户，他不得不强压怒火。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

WhenIwalkedby,myfriendwavedtome,soIwentintohisshoptotellhimhowfrustratedIwas.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★

vent:vt.expressfeelingsofanger,hatred,etc.,esp.bydoingsth.violentorharmful发泄，宣泄（怒火、仇恨等）

Childrenwillneedspacetofeelsadortoventtheirangerandfrustration.儿童要有感受悲伤或者发泄愤怒与懊恼的空间。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]aholeorpipethroughwhichgases,liquid,etc.canenterorescapefromanenclosedspaceorcontainer（供气体或液体等流通的）孔口；通风孔；排气道

Ijustwasn’tpayingenoughattentionandIslammedmyheadintoanairvent.我根本没注意，一头撞在了通风口上。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Manypeoplearenotdoingtheirdutythesedays,andtheirattitudetowardworkiswrong.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★undutiful:a.lackingasenseofduty无责任感的

Herundutifulbehaviortowardhercommitmentsresultedinstrainedrelationshipswithhercolleagues.她对待承诺缺乏责任感的行为导致她与同事之间关系紧张。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★sin:n.[sing.]anactionorwayofbehavingthatyouthinkismorallywrong（道德上的）罪恶，罪过

Sheregardedgossipasasin,andencouragingitalmostasbad.她认为说三道四是种罪过，助长此举也一样恶劣。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3★rash:a.carelessorunwise,withoutthoughtforwhatmighthappenorresult鲁莽的；轻率的；毛躁的

Oncehe’dcalmeddownenoughtoseethingsobjectively,hewasinabetterplacetoavoidarashdecision.一旦他平静下来足以客观看待事情的时候，他就更能避免草率的决定。Detailedstudyofthetex