2025年自然正向：科技行业的作用报告（英文版）-

Incollaboration

withOliverWyman

NaturePositive:

RoleoftheTechnologySector

INSIGHTREPORT

DECEMBER2025

Images:AdobeStock,Midjourney,Unsplash

Contents

Forewords3

AbouttheNaturePositiveTransitionsreportseries5

Executivesummary6

Introduction7

1

Currentstateofthetechsector13

1.1Techsectoroverview14

1.2Effortstomitigateimpactsanddependencies17

1.3Thetimetoactisnow17

2

Tech’snatureimpactsanddependencies18

2.1Semiconductors21

2.2Datacentres23

2.3Hardwareande-waste26

3

Priorityactionsfortechcompaniestowardsnaturepositive27

3.1Sevenpriorityactionareasforthetechsector28

3.2Comparisonofnatureactionleadershipandfeasibility44

4

Integratingnature-positiveandnet-zerostrategies48

4.1Assess,commit,transformanddisclose49

5

Priorityactionsforotherstakeholders51

5.1Policy-makers,regulatorsandcommunities52

5.2Techcustomers53

5.3Financialinstitutions54

5.4Non-governmentalorganizations54

Conclusion55

AppendixA:Nature-relatedimpactsanddependencies56

AppendixB:Methodologies64

Contributors68

Endnotes72

Disclaimer

Thisdocumentispublishedbythe

WorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.

Thefindings,interpretationsand

conclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedand

endorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarily

representtheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,

Partnersorotherstakeholders.

©2025WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformation

storageandretrievalsystem.

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector2

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector3

December2025

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector

Foreword

MelanieNakagawa

CorporateVicePresident&ChiefSustainabilityOfficer,Microsoft

Digitaltechnologieshavetransformedthewayweliveandwork,creatingnewopportunities,driving

economicgrowth,andhelpingustacklesomeof

theplanet’smostpressingchallenges.Asdigital

infrastructureexpands,acceleratedbytheriseofAI,responsiblestewardshipofecosystemsandnaturalresourceslikewater,land,mineralsandenergy

willbeessential.Thiscreatesbotharesponsibilityandanopportunityforthetechsectortoshow

thatinnovationcanadvancewhileprotectingthenaturalsystemsweallrelyon.

Acrossthetechsector,companiesareinnovatingtoaccelerateanature-positivefuture,helping

industriesmanagewaterwithprecision,monitorecosystemsandconservationefforts,scale

circularmarketsforcriticalmineralsanddirectinvestmenttowardsmeasurableenvironmentaloutcomes.Theseeffortsshowwhatispossiblewhentechnologyandsustainabilitymove

forwardtogether.

AtMicrosoft,webelievethosewhocandomore,should.Thatiswhywe’vewovensustainabilityintohowwedesign,buildandoperatethephysical

infrastructurethatsupportsourcloudbusinessandAI.Whennatureisoverlooked,theconsequencesrippleacrosscommunitiesandeconomies.Takingstepstouseresourcesresponsiblyhelpstoreduce

thoseimpacts,lowercostsanddriveinnovationforsustainableoperationsandenergy.

Thepriorityactionsinthisreporthelptoturn

thatresponsibilityintopracticalstepsacrosssite

selection,operations,procurementandproduct

designthatprotectnaturalresourceswhilecreatingbusinessvalue.AtMicrosoft,wehaveseenthis

firsthand.InMountPleasant,Wisconsin,USAourAIdatacentreisexpectedtosetanewbenchmarkforsustainabledesign,byusingaclosed-loopcoolingsystemthatallowsmorethan90%ofthefacilitytorecirculatewatercontinuously.Weplantobalanceourenergyusebymatchingfossil-fuelconsumptionwithcarbon-freeenergyonthegrid,including

powerfromanearbysolarprojectthat’snowunderconstruction.Wearealsoconsciousofourimpactbeyondourimmediatefootprint.Thisiswhywe

arepartneringwithlocalorganizationstorestoreimportantprairieandwetlandhabitats.

Achievingimpactatscalewillrequirecollaborationbetweencompanies,governments,investorsandcommunities.Weneedtoplantogether,invest

togetherandinnovatetogether.Thechallengesaheadaresubstantial,butweremainoptimistic.

Ifweworkcollectively,technologycanhelpus

notonlygrowandinnovatebutrestoreandprotecttheplanetforgenerationstocome.

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector4

December2025NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector

Foreword

PimValdre

Head,ClimateandNatureEconomy;MemberoftheExecutiveCommittee,

WorldEconomicForum

ResearchfromtheWorldEconomicForum

estimatesthatmorethanhalfoftheworld’sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)ismoderatelyorhighly

dependentonnatureanditsservices.1Given

thisscaleofdependencyandcontinuedglobal

recordsinheat,sealevelriseandbiodiversityloss,companiesandinvestorsfaceanimperativetoact.

Asthechallengeofnaturelosshasgrownmore

pronouncedinrecentyears,theinternational

conversationhascontinuedtoshifttowardsaction.The2015ParisAgreement,the2022Kunming-

MontrealGlobalBiodiversityFrameworkandthe2024ConferenceofPartiestotheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBDCOP16)haveprovidedgovernmentsandbusinesseswithgoals,targetsandframeworksonhowtocreateandimplementnatureplans.Sectoralguidancecanfurtherbridgethegaptoactionandhighlightpracticalstepsthataregoodforbothnature

andbusiness.

TheWorldEconomicForum,incollaborationwithOliverWyman,haspublishedextensivesectoralguidanceoverthelastthreeyears,basedondataandinsightsfromresearch,expertconsultationandindustryinterviews.

TheresultistheForum's

NaturePositiveTransitions

reportseries,whichcoversarangeofindustries,

NickStuder

PresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficer,OliverWyman

includingchemicals,cementandconcrete,miningandmetals,automotiveandnow,withthislatestoverview,technology.

Thetechnologysectorpresentedaclearnext

areaoffocus,givenitsrapidgrowthandcentralitytotheongoingtransformationofthewaywelive,communicateandwork.Buttechcompanies

arefacingmountingconstraintsonthatrapidexpansion.Thesectorremainsdependentonlimitednaturalresourcesandfacesincreasingphysicalthreatsfromstorms,risingsealevelsandwildfires,whichclimatechangeandnaturelossareexacerbating.

Asever,haltingclimatechange,reversingnaturelossandpreservingeconomicandsocialprogressare

interwovengoals.Companiesthatinvestinnatureandtransitiontowardsnet-zero,nature-positivealignedbusinessmodelswillbecomebetteratmanaging

theserisksandenjoycompetitiveadvantages.

Theseincludeenablingfurtherdevelopmentandgrowth,buildingmoreresilientandsustainable

supplychains,enhancingtheirpublicimageandsecuringgreatersupportfromthefinancialsector.

Thetechsectorhasanopportunitytoleadinbotheconomicgrowthandthenature-positivetransition–butthereisnotimefordelay.

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector5

AbouttheNaturePositiveTransitionsreportseries

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector

ispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumin

collaborationwithOliverWyman.Itispartof

theWorldEconomicForum’sNaturePositive

Transitionsreportseries,whichoutlinesthe

differentpathwaystohaltandreversenaturelossby2030–themissionattheheartoftheGlobalBiodiversityFramework.

Theseriesconsistsofthreetransitions:businesssectors,citiesandfinancialinstitutions.These

reportshighlighttherelevanceofnature-related

risks,identifytheimpactsanddependenciesof

theeconomyandsocietyonnature,andprovideguidelinesforbusiness,cityandfinancialinstitutionleadersonkeyactionstoacceleratethenature-

positivetransition.

TheNaturePositiveTransitionsreportseriesbuildsonthe

NewNatureEconomyReportSeries

.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit

NaturePositiveTransitions

.

Sectorreports:

NaturePositive:RoleoftheCement

andConcreteSector

Citiesreports:

NaturePositive:GuidelinesfortheTransition

inCities

Financereports:

NaturePositive:CorporateAssessment

GuideforFinancialInstitutions

NaturePositive:RoleoftheAutomotive

SectorChinaDeep-dive

NaturePositive:RoleoftheMining

andMetalsSector

FinancingtheNature-PositiveTransition:

UnderstandingtheRoleofBanks,

InvestorsandInsurers

NaturePositive:RoleoftheHousehold

andPersonalCareProductsSector

NaturePositive:RoleoftheChemical

Sector

NaturePositive:RoleoftheAutomotiveSector

NaturePositive:RoleoftheOffshore

WindSector

NaturePositive:RoleofthePortSector

NaturePositive:Leaders’Insightsforthe

TransitioninCities

NaturePositive:FinancingtheTransition

inCities

NaturePositive:Cities’EffortstoAdvance

theTransition–Durban

NaturePositive:Cities’EffortstoAdvance

theTransition–Barranquilla

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector6

Executivesummary

Toensuregrowth,techcompaniesmustactdecisivelytoaddresstheirsubstantialdependencyandimpactsonnature.

Technologypermeateseveryfacetofdailylife.

Morethan1trillionsemiconductorsaresold

annuallyandusedinsmartphones,carsandmostmodernequipment.2Over11,000datacentres

areoperational3withmoreopenedeverymonth,handlingeverythingfromstreamingto2billion+promptssentdailytoAImodels.4Thesectorwillcontinuegrowingstrongly,drivenbyAI,cloud

computing,high-performanceelectronicsandinnovationslikequantumcomputing.

Butthisgrowthhasasubstantialnaturefootprint,drivenbywaterandlanduse,pollution,waste

andemissions.Semiconductormanufacturing

consumesover1trillionlitresoffreshwater

annually,5plusmetalsandcriticalminerals.Data

centresdraw60+GWofenergy,6enoughtopowerCalifornia’speakneeds.7Discardedhardware

dumps60billionkgofe-wasteannually,withlessthanaquarterrecycled.8

Toensurefuturesuccess,techcompaniesmust

actswiftlytoaddresstheirimpactsonnatural

systemsandtheirdependenciesonnatural

resources.Failurewouldthreatentech’snear-termlicencetooperateandlong-termresilience.SinceMay2024,$64billionofdatacentreprojects

intheUShavebeenblockedordelayeddueto

localconcerns,9mostlyaboutdemandsonnaturalresourcesandpower.Nature-positivestrategies

canalsopresentfinancialopportunities–from

recoveredmetalsfornewproductstocostsavingsfromreducedpowerandwaterconsumption.

Thisreportsummarizestech’skeyimpactsand

dependenciesonnature,andrecommendssevenpriorityactionsforleadersinsemiconductor

manufacturing,datacentresandhardware.

1Advanceresilientandrestorativewateruse:Assesssupplyscarcitybeforesite

development,designforefficiency,adopt

closed-loopsystemstocoolserversand

facilitiesandinvestinwatershedrestoration.

2Mitigatepollutionandpursuecircularity:Avoidpollutionthroughcleanerprocesses,reducerelianceonvirgininputs,design

productsforlongevityandrecyclability,

supportprogrammesthatrecovervaluefrome-wasteandrestoreaffectedecosystems.

3Tacklenon-poweroperationaland

embodiedemissions:Preventemission

leaks,deployabatementtechnologiesand

investincredibleoffsetandremovalschemesthatdeliverco-benefits.

4Promotelandstewardshipandrestoration:Prioritizebrownfielddevelopment,conduct

biodiversityriskassessments,integrate

nativelandscapingandgreeninfrastructureandinvestinhabitatrestoration.

5Poweroperationssustainably:Increaselow-andzero-carbonpower,energy-

efficientcomputingandcooling,dynamicenergymanagementandefficientbuildingdesigntominimizeupstreamimpactsfromelectricitysupply.

6Engagewiththesupplychain:Favour

supplierswithrobustsustainability

certifications,prioritizelow-impactmaterials

andresource-efficientprocessesandestablishclearbiodiversityandwaterstewardship

expectationsacrossthevaluechain.

7Engageexternallyandsupportpolicy-

making:Reportnature-relatedimpactsanddependenciestransparentlythroughcredibleframeworks,supportpolicydevelopmentandengagewithcustomers.

Techisaconsistentlyinnovativesector–nowithasanopportunitytoleadonnaturetoo.Thisreportdetailshowthesectorcanembracethenature-positivetransitionacrossitsoperationsandvaluechain.

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector7

Today,humanityusestheresourcesequivalenttothatof1.8Earths.

Introduction

Mosttopcompaniesacrosssectorshaveclimatetargets,yetonly12%haveoneforbiodiversity,despitetheglobaleconomy’sdependencyonnature.

Thechallengeofnaturelossgrowssteeper

eachyear.Today,humanityusestheresourcesequivalenttothatof1.8Earths.Thismeans

thattheecologicalfootprint,whichsumsupthe

demandsforbiologicallyproductiveareassuch

asfood,timber,fibre,carbonsequestrationand

infrastructure,exceedstheEarth’scapacityby

80%.10Thisstrainonnaturalresourceshasdirectconsequencesonbiodiversityandecosystems,

withanalarming73%declineoftheaveragesize

ofmonitoredwildlifepopulationsobservedbetween1970and2020globally.11Tomaintaineconomic

growthandprosperitywillrequireworkingbetterwithintheboundariesthatnatureprovides.

Addressingclimatechangeandhaltingnaturelossareinterdependentprioritiesforbothsocietyand

business.Climatechangeisoneofthefivekey

driversofnatureloss,alongsideland-usechange,pollution,naturalresourceuseandexploitation,

andinvasivespecies.12,13Inturn,land-usechangecontributesatleast12-20%ofglobalgreenhouse

gasemissions(GHGs).14Addressingclimatechangereliesonprotectingnature15.

Definingnaturepositive

BOX1

“NaturePositiveisaglobalsocietalgoaldefinedas‘HaltandReverseNatureLossby2030

ona2020baseline,andachievefullrecoveryby2050’.Toputthismoresimply,itmeansensuringmorenatureintheworldin2030thanin2020andcontinuedrecoveryafterthat.”

Source:NaturePositiveInitiative.16

Whynaturemattersfortech

Unlesstech

companies

addresstheir

naturalresource

dependencies,theyrisklosingpublic

support,facingcostlydelaysorcancellationsofcriticalprojects.

Securinglicence

togrowandoperate

Recognitionofnature’sroleinthesuccessof

businessesandfinancialinstitutionscontinues

togrow.Companies–especiallythoseinthe

techsector–thataddressthenatureimpactsanddependenciesintheiroperationsandvaluechainscanreaparangeofbenefits(seeFigure1).These

includethefollowing,exploredingreaterdetailbelow:

–Securingsocialandregulatorylicencetogrowandoperate.

Tech’srapidgrowthhasledtoasurgein

infrastructuredevelopment,especiallydata

centres,promptingincreasingscrutinyfromlocal

communitiesandregulators.IntheUnitedStates

(US)aloneoverthepasttwoyears,$64billion

ofdatacentreprojectshavebeenblockedor

delayedduetolocalopposition.18Thisresistance

oftenstemsfromconcernsaboutcompetitionfor

energy,waterandothernaturalresources,aswellasecosystemdisruptionandincreasedpollution

–Developingresilienceandadaptabilitytonature-relatedrisks.

–Meetinggrowingstakeholderexpectations.

–Deliveringopportunitiesforfinancialgrowthandcostsavings.

Companiesthatanticipatetherisksofnature

losscanminimizedisruptionfromincomingpolicyandregulatoryrequirements,proactivelymanagenature-relatedphysical,transitionandsystemic

risks,17includingdependenciesonecosystem

servicesandassets,andbenefitfromearlynature-relatedopportunities.

associatedwithsomeofthesefacilities.Recent

USEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)analysisshowsa6.5%increaseinretailelectricityprices

intheUSfrom2024to2025afterrelativelystablepricesinthedecadeprioranddatacentreelectricityusageisamongimportantfactorsblamedforthis.19

Policy-makersandregulatorsarenowcaught

betweenbalancingnationalambitionstoattract

techinvestmentswithlocalandregionalconcerns.Unlesstechcompaniesaddresstheirnatural

resourcedependenciesandengageearly,

transparentlyandinclusivelywithcommunitiesandgovernments,theyrisklosingpublicsupport,facingcostlydelaysorcancellationsofcriticalprojects.

FIGURE1Whynaturemattersfortechcompanies

Securinglicencetogrowandoperate

Addresscommunityconcernstoovercomeoppositionandadvanceprojects

$64billion

ofdatacentreprojectsblockedordelayedintheUSby

localoppositionfrom2023toearly2025

Developingresilienceandadaptability

Reducedependencieson

increasinglyscarceenergy&

waterresourcesandassociatedinfrastructurebottlenecks

5

outofthetop10risksinthe

Forum’sGlobalRisksReport

2025overthenextdecadeareenvironment-related,includingnaturalresourceshortages

Meetingstakeholderexpectations

Fulfillexpectationsfrom

financialinstitutions,customersandemployeesandmeet

Deliveringfinancial

growthandcostsavings

Reduceinputcostsfromenergy,waterandrawmaterials

expectedcommitments

200

financialinstitutionswith

$23trillioninassetsunder

managementhavesignedtheFinanceforBiodiversityPledge

$1.0-1.4million

inenergycostscanbesavedannuallyfora10MWdata

centrewhenshiftingto

renewableenergy,aswell

as$220-365kinwatercosts

Source:seeendnote.20

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector8

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector9

Developingresilienceandadaptability

IntheWorldEconomicForum’s

GlobalRisks

Report2025

21fiveoutofthetop10risksover

thenextdecadeareenvironment-related:extremeweatherevents,criticalchangetoEarthsystems,biodiversitylossandecosystemcollapse,naturalresourceshortagesandpollution.Theseriskareasapplytotechastheydotoothersectors.

Reliancebythetechsectoronenergy,waterand

othernaturalinputscanactasabottleneckand

slowsectorgrowth.“Anewdatacentrecanbebuiltin18months,”saidFatihBirol,ExecutiveDirectoroftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),“butbuildingnew[power]transmissionlinescantakefourto

eightyears”.22

Atworst,dependenceontheseinputs–especiallypower–canpreventgrowthaltogether.For

example,datacentrehubsinplacessuchasNorthernVirginiaandIrelandfacelimitsonnew

buildsduetoinsufficientpowercapacityandageinginfrastructure.23Beyondresourceconstraints,

increasingclimatehazardsintheformofextreme

heat,droughts,waterstressandfloodingthreatenfacilityoperations,whileoperationalpauses

decreaseproductivityandcommercialperformance.

Bydesigningforandinvestinginnaturalresourceefficiency,onsiterenewablepowergenerationandsustainablesupplychains,tonameafewareas,techcompaniescanbuildresilienceandmitigatetheriskofstrandedorunderperformingassets.

Meetingstakeholderexpectations

Businessactiononnatureisincreasinglyrequiredtomeetstakeholderexpectations.Callsforbusinesses

totransparentlymanageandreducetheirnatureimpactsremainstrongandfrequent,coming

frompolicy-makers,regulators,investors,other

companies,consumersandcitizens(seeFigure2).

Relianceby

thetechsector

onenergy,water

andothernatural

inputscanactas

abottleneckand

slowsectorgrowth.

Keynature-relatedstakeholderdynamicsimpactingbusinesses

FIGURE2

−196partiesagreedonthelandmark

Kunming-MontrealGlobalBiodiversityFramework(GBF)inDecember2022

−GBFTarget15callsformandatoryassessmentanddisclosureandforbusinessestoreducetheirnegativeimpactsonnature

Globalagreements

Guidanceandstandards

−TaskforceonNature-relatedFinancial

Disclosures(TNFD)issuedsector-specific

guidancefor8sectorsandfinancialinstitutions

−InternationalSustainabilityStandardsBoard(ISSB)incorporatednatureandbiodiversityrequirements

−EU’sEuropeanSustainabilityReporting

Standards(ESRS)startedin2024,includingE4onbiodiversityandecosystems

−ScienceBasedTargetsforNature(SBTN)releasedupdatedtarget-settingguidance

−85%ofconsumerssaidtheyshiftedtheirpurchasingbehaviourtobecomemore

sustainableinthepastfiveyears

−UnionforEthicalBioTrade(UEBT)BiodiversityBarometerhasshownconsistentgrowthin

biodiversityawarenessamongconsumersoverthepastdecade

−Nearly75%ofemployeesfindfulfillmentthroughpositiveenvironmentalimpact

−$64billionofdatacentreprojectsblocked/delayedintheUSfrom2023toearly2025becauseoflocalcommunityopposition

Source:seeendnote.24

Businesses

Stakeholdersand

communities

institutions

Financial

−200financialinstitutionswith€23trillioninassetsundermanagementsignedthe

FinanceforBiodiversityPledge

−NatureAction100harnessesinvestorinfluenceonbusinesses

−NetworkforGreeningtheFinancialSystem

(NGFS)establishedTaskforceonNature-relatedRisksin2022

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector10

undertakingpriorityactionsforthetechnologysectorcouldunlockabout$800billionincostsavingsandrevenueupsideby2030forbusinessesoperating

acrossthesector’svaluechain.Inparticular,energyandwaterefficiencyinoperations,amovetowardscircularitythroughresourcerecovery,andengagingwiththesector’sminingandmineralssupply

chainpresentsignificantbusinessopportunities.

SeeFigure3andTable1formoreinformation.

Thenature-positiveopportunitiessummarized

inFigure3arederivedfromtheForum’s

NewNature

EconomyReportII:TheFutureofNatureand

Business

andarefurtheranalysedinTable1.

Moreinformationonthecalculationmethodologycanbefoundin

AppendixB:Methodologies.

Deliveringfinancial

growthandcostsavings

Aligningoperationsandvaluechainswitha

nature-positivepathwayoftenunlockssignificant

economicopportunitiesandcostsavings.Efficiencyimprovementsinwater,energyandlandusedirectlyreduceoperationalcosts.Circulardesignand

e-wastecollectionandrecyclingschemesreducematerialcostsandwasteliabilities.TheForum’s

NewNatureEconomyReportII:TheFutureof

NatureandBusiness

estimatedthatafullnature-

positivetransitionintheglobaleconomycould

create$10.1trillionofannualbusinessopportunitiesby2030.Ofthisamount,estimatesshowthat

FIGURE3Nature-positivebusinessopportunitiesforthetechsector,by2030($billion)

800

29

409

301

60

Infrastructureandthebuiltenvironment

Food,landand

oceanuse

EnergyandAdditionalTotal

extractivesopportunity

NaturePositive:RoleoftheTechnologySector11

1

TABLE

Opportunitysizefortechnologysector($billion)

13.2

11.6

25.6

10.1

127.9

14.7

2.3

47.3

24.0

7.8

7.0

21.7

3.1

45.7

87.6

60.5

32.6

20.9

10.9

10.9

34.9

20.2

11.6

10.9

3.1

4.7

100.8

29.0

BusinessopportunityfromFutureofNatureandBusinessreport

OriginalsizeinFutureofNatureandBusi-nessreport($billion)

Adjustmentfactortosizeshareof

technologysector

Socio-economicsystem

Food,land

andoceanuse

Infrastructureandthebuiltenvironment

TechnologysectorshareofglobalGDP:15.5%

Energyandextractives

Deepdiveonnature-positivebusinessopportunitiesforthetechsector

Natureclimatesolutions

85

Restoringdegradedland

75

Sustainableforestrymanagement

165

Non-timberforestproducts

Energyefficiency(buildings)

65

825

Smartmetering

95

Urbangreenroofs

15

Wastemanagement

305

Wasteandsanitationinfrastructure

155

Wastewaterreuse

50

Energyaccess

45

Naturalsystemsforwatersupply

140

Buildingresilience

toclimateshocks

20

Sustainableinfrastructurefinancing

Circulareconomy(appliances)

295

565

Circulareconomy(electronics)

390

End-usesteelefficiency

210

Additivemanufacturing

135

Circularmodels

(construction)

70