新时代跨学科英语阅读1 课件 U5 Man and Nature

ManandNatureWarm-upPartAReadingStrategiesPartBContentsHowcanrespectforandunderstandingofthepowerofnaturepotentiallyinfluenceanindividual’sbehaviorsandchoices?Watchthevideoandaskforstudents’responses/video/BV157411j7eu?spm_id_from=333.788.videopod.episodesAllocateeachofthefollowingfigurestodifferentgroupsandcheckabouthis/hercontributiontothepreservationofnature:JaneGoodall(2)Henry

David

Thoreau

(3)AldoLeopold(4)DennisHayes(5)Confucius1Warm-up_____________________________1Warm-upWhoarethey?ConfuciusHenryDavidThoreauAldoLeopoldDennisHayesJane

Goodall1Warm-upKeyWhatmightarelentlesspursuitorobsessionteachusaboutthehumanconditionandourrelationshiptonature?Discussthefollowingquestionswithinagroup:Do

youthinkElonMusk’sincessantcommitmenttoSpaceX

willbenefithumanbeings?WhatdoyouthinkofthephenomenonthatmoreandmoreordinarypeoplearevisitingtheHimalayasandthe

Poles?Withtheever-increasedpowerobtainedfromtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,shouldwedeforestorfishwithoutlimits?格式：字体Calibri(正文)字号302Warm-up

PartA

PartAIntroductionErnestHemingwayBorninOakPark,Illinois,thesuburbwestofChicago,USANovelist,short-storywriter,journalist,adventurer,Pulitzer-prizeandNobel-prizewinnerOneofthemostfamousnovelistsinthe20thcentury,thefounderof“newsstyle”novels.TheOldManandtheSeaPublishedin1952Amasterpieceabout

courageKnownforits

narrativeoftheart,succinctandlucidprosestyle,intensemasculinity,influenceoncontemporarystyleReadingStrategiesAconflictisaliterarydevicecharacterizedbyastrugglebetweenopposingforcesorcharacters.Itisparticularlyimportantfordevelopingplotandcharacterization.Conflictprovidescrucialtensioninastoryandisusedtodrivethenarrativeforward,creatingdramaticactionanduncertainties.Itisoftenusedtorevealadeepermeaninginanarrativewhilehighlightingcharacters’motivations,values,andweaknesses.

TracingConflictsinaStoryAllconflictsfallintotwobasiccategories:Internalconflicts;Externalconflicts.Theinternalconflict,calledmanvs.self,setsacharacterstrugglingwithopposingemotions,desires,orbeliefssimultaneously,suchasgoodandevilorviceandvirtue.Ithappenswithintheinnerworldofthecharacterwhoisintrospective.NotableinstancesincludeHamlet’ssoliloquy“Tobe,ornottobe,”andHuck’sstruggletorevealrunawayslaveJimtohisownerMissWatsonorgotohellbyhelpinghimescapefromslavery.Theexternalconflictsetsacharacteragainstsomethingorsomeonebeyondtheircontrol.Externalforcesstandinthewayofacharacter’smotivationsandcreatetensionasthecharactertriestoreachtheirgoals.Thefollowingconflictsallbelongtoexternalconflicts:Manvs.Man:Adirectstrugglebetweentwocharacters—oftenprotagonistandantagonist—drivenbyopposinggoals,values,oremotions,e.g.,HamletversusClaudiusinHamlet.(2)Manvs.Society‌:anindividualchallengesthenorms,laws,institutions,orcollectivebeliefsofalargersocialstructure.Theprotagonistoftenbecomesanoutsiderorrebel,e.g.,AtticusFinchdefendingjusticeinToKillaMockingbirdamidsystemicracism.(3)Manvs.Nature‌:Astruggleagainstuncontrollablenaturalforces—suchasstorms,wilderness,disease,orsurvivalconditions.Thisconflictoftenhighlightshumanvulnerabilityandresilience,e.g.,theprotagonistfightingagainstthetotallyindifferentArcticwildernessinLoveoflife.(4)Manvs.Supernatural‌:theprotagonistconfrontsforcesbeyondthenaturalworld—suchasgods,demons,ghosts,curses,witches,orothermetaphysicalentities,e.g.,Oedipus’sfutilityofresistingaprophesieddestinyandMacbeth’sambitionbeingmanipulatedbythreewitches.HowDoGoodReadersIdentifytheConflictsInvolved?Identifytheprotagonist’sgoal‌:Whatdoestheprotagonistwant?Thisisthestartingpointoftheconflict.Identifytheobstructingforce‌:Whoorwhatispreventingtheprotagonist?Thisisusuallythesourceoftheconflict.Determinethenatureoftheconflict‌:Isitanexternalforceoraninternalstruggle?Categorizeitbasedonthetypesmentionedabove.Observetheevolutionoftheconflict‌:Howdoestheconflictescalateandchange?Howdoesitend?IdentifytheconflictsinvolvedinTheOldManandtheSeaExampleTypeofconflictTextualevidenceSantiagovs.theseaSantiagovs.thesharkSantiagovs.himselfManvs.NatureP11-14:Itwastoogoodtolast…Butmanisnotmadefordefeat…Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated…Everyminutenowyou’reclosertohome…heknewquitewellthepatternofwhatcouldhappenwhenhereachedtheinnerpartofthecurrent.Buttherewasnothingtobedonenow.Manvs.ManManvs.SelfP5-7:IcannotkeephimfromhittingmebutmaybeIcangethim…herammedtheharpoondownontotheshark’shead…thatwasthelocationofthebrainandtheoldmanhitit…hehitit…withallhisstrength…hehitit…withresolutionandcompletemalignancy.P17-20:Perhapsitwasasintokillafish…itwaseventhoughIdidittokeepmealiveandfeedmanypeople…everythingisasin…youwereborntobeafishermanasthefishwasborntobeafish…youdidnotkillthefishonlytokeepaliveandtosellforfood…youkilledhimforprideandbecauseyouareafisherman…ifyoulovehim,itisnotasintokillhim.Orisitmore?ComprehensionCheck

I.Fillinthemissinginformationbydrawingtothetextforclues.Santiagodrovehisharpoonintotheshark’sheadwithresolutionand________.Realizingmoresharkswouldcomeandeatthefish,theoldmanfelthisbattlehadbeeninvain.Buthequicklyremindedhimselfthatamancanbedestroyedbutnot________.malignancydefeatedComprehensionCheck

I.Fillinthemissinginformationbyreferringtothetextforclues.Theoldmanadmittedtohimselfthathekilledthemarlinnotonlytofeedhimselfandotherpeople.Actually,hekilleditoutofprideandbecausehewasa(n)________.Santiagofeltnoguiltwhenkillingthesharkbecauseheactedin___________.Santiagothought________killshimexactlyasitkeepshimalive.fishermanself-defensefishingComprehensionCheck

II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.WhydidSantiagokeepwishingthateverythinghadbeenadream?Becausethepaincausedbyhisinjuredhandsandstrainedbackwastoomuchforhimtoendure.Becausehegotlight-headedafterthestrugglewiththemarlin,onlytofindthefishwastoolargeandheavytohaulitbackhome.Becauseheregrettedhavingkilledthemarlinoutofprideonlytofeedthegreatfishtosharks.Becauseheregrettedhavingkilledabeautiful,able,noble,andfearlessshark.CComprehensionCheck

II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.2.WhichofthefollowingistheargumentSantiagocameupwithtojustifyhisenjoymentinkillingtheshark?Thesharkisthebiggestdentusohehaseverseen.Hekilledthesharkinself-defenseandhekilledthesharkwell.Heismoreintelligentandbetterarmedthantheshark.Thesharklivesonthelivefishashehimselfdoes.DComprehensionCheck

II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.3.Afterthesharkattack,Santiagoreflected“everythingkillseverythingelseinsomeway.”Whichofthefollowingresonateswiththisphilosophy?Iwasborntobeafishermanasthefishwasborntobeafish.ItismoresinfultokillthemarlinifIlovehim.Ikilledthemarlinoutofpride.Iwasbetterthanthefishorthesharkonlythroughtrickeryorbeingbetterarmed.AComprehensionCheckII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestherelationshipbetweenthemarlin,theoldman,andtheMakoshark?Theoldmanharborsthepurehatredagainstthesharksinceiteatsthemeatofhisfish.Theoldmanistotallyindifferenttothefateofboththemarlinandtheshark.Heisonlyconcernedabouthisown.Theoldmanstandsinthesameshoesasthemarlinandcounterattacksthesharkasaunity.Theoldmanbelievesheissinfulinkillingboththemarlinandtheshark.CComprehensionCheckII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.5.WhichofthefollowingdampensSantiago’shope?Theoldmanandthemarlinsailedwellandtheoldmansoakedhishandsinthesaltwaterandtriedtokeephisheadclear.Perhapsitwasasintokillthefish.Hesupposesitwaseventhoughhedidittokeephimselfaliveandfeedmanypeople.Buttheneverythingisasin.Hecanlashhisknifetothebuttofoneoftheoarsafterlosinghisharpoonandropetothedeadshark.Heknewquitewellwhatcouldhappenwhenhereachedtheinnerpartofthecurrentsincethescentofthemarlin’sbloodwouldattractmoresharks.DIII.DescribeHemingway’sportrayalofSantiago’srelationshipwiththeseaandseaspecies.Isitmainlyaunityorconfrontation?Usethetexttojustifyyouridea.Suggestedanswer:TheOldManandtheSeaisthestoryofaman’sstruggleagainstamarlinandthenlostittosharksonthesea,anditistemptingtoseethenovellaasdepictingman’sstruggleagainstnature.Infact,throughSantiago,thenovellaexploresman’srelationshipwithnature.Hemingwaydepictsaworldwhereapparentlycontradictoryelementsarerepeatedlyshownasaspectsofoneunifiedwhole.Forexample,theseaiskind,life-nurturing,andhelpful.Itofferstheoldmanwhatheneedstosustainhislifeandhealshisinjuredhandswithsaltwater;ontheotherhand,theseaisdangerousanddestructive,withitssharksandpotentiallytreacherousweatherorcurrents.Sharkstakeawaytheoldman’scatchintheend.Itlooksliketheseatakesawaywhatitgives.ForSantiago,hisreverencefortheseaandloveforseaspeciesisnotatallanunwillingnesstokill.Instead,it’sanacknowledgementofhisrolewithinnatureasaman.Heisafishermanandwasborntodofishingjustthesameasthefishborntobeafishandthesharkborntoeatthefish.ToSantiago,successandfailurearetwoequalfacetsofthesameexistence.Theyaretransitoryformswhichcapriciouslyarriveanddepartwithoutaffectingtheunderlyingunitybetweenhimselfandnature.Aslongashefocusesonthisunityandseeshimselfaspartofnatureratherthanasanexternalantagonistcompetingwithit,hecannotbedefeatedbywhatevermisfortunesbefallhim.Healsorealizesthefundamentallawofnaturethatunitesmanandanimals:Allbeingsmustdie,mustkillorbekilledtosurvive.Destructionandcreationarecloselyconnectedtoeachotherandarebothapartofthisnature.Inthisway,manandnaturearejoinedinacircularsystem,inwhichdeathisnecessaryandfostersnewlife.IV.TheOldManandtheSeaisbelievedtoepitomizeHemingway’sidealofmanhood.DoyouthinkSantiago’sintrospectionaboutsinandprideweakenshisimage?Whyorwhynot?Usethetexttojustifyyouridea.Suggestedanswer:Insteadofdegradingordevaluingthemarlinortheshark,Santiagoelevatesthem,acceptingtheequalizingpropositionthathisdeathisasworthyanoutcomeofthestruggleashisopponents’death.Heisonlyworthytokilltheopponentifheisworthytobekilled:twosidesofthesamecoin.“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”Itsuggestsavictoryovertheinevitableisnotwhatdefinesaman.Rather,it’saman’sstruggleagainsttheinevitableevenwhenheknowsitisinevitablethatdefineshim.Themoredifficultthestruggle,themoreworthytheopponent,themorepowerfullyamancanprovehimself,whichisthetypicalmasculine“toughguy”imageofHemingway’sprotagonist.HisfinalconfrontationwiththefishdevelopsSantiago’sequalitywiththefishandtheoperativeconceptionofmanhoodwhichSantiagoworkstouphold.“Lethimbringmeinifitpleaseshim”seemstorecallanaristocraticcodeofhonorinwhichdyingbythehandofanobleopponentisasnobleanendasdefeatinghim.Prideisoftendepictedasnegativeattributethatcausespeopletoreachfortoomuchandsufferaterriblefall.AfterSantiagokillsthefirstshark,hewondersifthesinofpridewasresponsibleforthesharkattackbecausepridecausedhimtogooutintotheoceanbeyondtheusualboundariesthatfishermenobserve.Infact,Santiago’sprideisportrayedasthesinglemotivatingforcethatspurshimtogreatness.Itishispridethatpusheshimtosurvivethreegruelingdaysatsea,battlingthemarlinandthenthesharks.YetitisimportanttorecognizethatSantiago’sprideneverpusheshimtotrytobemorethanheis.Rather,hetakesprideinbeingexactlywhatheis,amanandafisherman,andhisstrugglecanbeseenasanefforttobethebestmanandfishermanthathecanbe.Heachievesthecrucialbalancebetweenprideandhumilityindealingwithnature.Hisimageorhismanhoodisnotweakened.Heshowsushowtolivelifeheroicallyandinaway,befittingaman.ExtensionActivitiesI.Hemingway’sdepictionofSantiago’srespectforthemarlinandhislovefortheseaexploresthemesofadmirationandaffectionforone’sopponentsandenvironment.Howmightthesethemesinfluencesocietalattitudesandactionstowardnatureandwildlifeintherealworld?

SampleDiscussionPointsThesewillhelpuscircumventanthropocentrismandthebinaryoppositionbetweenmanandnature,whichcameintobeingafter1500s.Theincessantexploitationofnaturehadledtoseriousenvironmentalproblemsandthegreatdamagetotheecologyandbiodiversity.Santiago’sadmirationandaffectionfortheseaandseaspeciesembodiesecocentrism.Allthebeingsareequalandhavetheirindispensableplaceintheecologicalsystem.

Ifonelosesrelationshipwithnature,onelosesrelationshipwithhumanity.Whenmandestroysnature,heisdestroyinghimself.Thebestwayistobeinsyncwithnatureandtakenatureassomethingtospendtimewith,toloveandtotreatasapartofoneself.We’resupposedtomaintainaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureandthefellowspeciesinitinsteadofthealienationfromanddestructionofthenature.II.DoyouthinkSantiago’smentalityintheman-naturerelationshipcoincideswiththetraditionalChinesecosmologyoreco-awareness?Whyorwhynot?

SampleDiscussionPointsSantiagolovestheseaandtheanimalslivinginthesea.Heispartofnaturewhichisalwayschangingandcycling.ThenaturalworldhaslongbeenconceivedinChinesethoughtasaself-generating,complexarrangementofelementsthatarecontinuouslychangingandinteracting.UnitingthesedisparateelementsistheDao,ortheWay.Daoisthedominantprinciplebywhichallthingsexist,butitisnotunderstoodasacausalorgoverningforce.Chineseancientphilosophytendstofocusontherelationshipbetweenthevariouselementsinnatureratherthanonwhatmakesorcontrolsthem.AccordingtoDaoistbeliefs,manisadvisedtofollowtheflowofnature’srhythms.Daoismalsoteachesthatpeopleshouldmaintainacloserelationshipwithnatureforoptimalmoralandphysicalhealth.“ConvergenceofHeavenandMan”and“OnenessofHeavenandMan”advocatedbyConfucianismconstructsawholecosmicschemacenteredontheunityofmanandnature,inwhichManregardsallnaturalthingsasamoralcommunity,blessestheirlives,respectstheirrights,helpsthemgrow,andbecomesanindispensablebenefactorofallthingsunderHeavenandonEarth,andthusembodyingthedignityandhighestvalueofMan.

PartB

PartBIntroductionHermanMelvilleBorninNewYork,USANovelist,short-storywriter,

poet,whalingadventurer,bestknownforhisnovelsoftheseaMobyDickPublishedin1851innovativestyle,characterizedbyitsdepth,allusiveness,andlyricalpower;grippingadventuretalewithdensephilosophicalmeditation,technicalencyclopedicpassagesonwhaling,Shakespeareandramaticdialogue,andrich,complexsymbolismComprehensionCheck

I.Fillinthemissinginformationbyreferringtothetextforclues.Ahabadmittedthatitwas________thatbitoneofhislegsoff.Ahabofferedagold________worthsixteendollarsandhammereditonthemastoftheship.StarbucktoldAhabthathisobsessionwiththedumbanimalwas_____________.MobyDickcoin/ouncemad/blasphemousAhabclaimedthatallthingswerebutmasks,butineachevent,therewassomeunknown________.Ahabsaidthatthe________thingwaschieflywhathehatedandsworethathewouldpursuethewhitewhaleatallcosts.reasoninginscrutable

II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Whydoesthecrew,apartfromStarbuck,agreetohuntMobyDickwithAhab?Theyareprimarilymotivatedbythegolddoubloon.TheyshareAhab’spersonalrevengeagainstMobyDick.TheyareinfluencedbyAhab’spassionandcollectivefervor.Theybelieveitwillbeaneasyandprofitablehunt.C2.ThefollowingadjectivesareallpropertodescribeAhab’sstateofmindEXCEPT_______whenherespondedtoStarbuck’sblame.ecstaticandupbeatfeverishanddefiantmaniacandaggressiveprovocativeandperemptoryA3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTStarbuck’sreasontoprotestagainstAhab’sdecision?Oneshouldnotpourouthisvengeanceuponananimalguidedbyitsinstinct.Oneshouldnotplacethewholecrewindangerforone’spersonalvengeance.ThewhaleoilobtainedfromMobyDickwillnotjustifythetrouble.Oneshouldnotseducepeopleintodangerousdeedswithmoney.C4.AccordingtoAhab,thewhitewhaleisallthefollowingEXCEPT_______.thewallthatimprisonshimthedumbanimalthatfollowsitsowninstinctandharborsnomalicetheunreasoningmaskthathebreaksthetrophytoshowhisdignityandprideB5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?Starbuckisnotinterestedinfightingthewhitewhalebecausehefearsdeath.StarbuckrefrainsfromarguingfurtherwithAhabbuthesecretlyhopesthattheycouldbeblessedbyfate.AhabsuccessfullychangesStarbuck’spessimisticattitude.Starbuckseesthesignsofgoodluckandbecomeshopefulagain.BIII.WhatreasonsdoesAhabgiveforseekingthewhitewhale?Howrationalorlogicalarethey?Howdoesheconvincethecrew?Suggestedanswer:MobyDickafflictsAhabinapersonalway.ItbitesoneofAhab’slegsfromthekneeandhehastostandonastumpmadeofawhalebone.Besides,theauthorseemstoimplythatMobyDickstrikeshismindandhisheart.Ahabwasdeterminedtopursuethewhitewhalewhereveritwentandkillittoaccomplishhisrevenge.MelvilleseemstoindicatethatAhab’sobsessionwiththewhaleisasignofmadness.WhenStarbuckwarnedhimthatrevengeagainsta“dumbanimal”isblasphemous,andthecrewarenotonthewhalingshipforthecaptain’spersonalvengeance,AhabadmitsthatheisnotjusthuntingMobyDick,but“whateverliesbehind”thewhale,andhisquestbecomesakindofmetaphorforthehumancondition,battlingformeaningandlifeinaworldagainstforcesthatareincomprehensible,indifferent,andunconquerable.ForAhab,thedefeatofMobyDickwillrepresentapersonalredemptionandameansofachievingpeaceandclarityofmind.Thewhitewhalestandsforthemysteriesfromtheunfathomablesea.ThequesttofindMobyDickisbothanexternalconflictbetweenAhabandthewhaleaswellasaninternalconflictwithinAhabforsenseofpeace.Ahabfirstoffersagoldouncecointostimulatethecrewtospotthewhitewhale;thenthisprovocativetalkhasfoundresonanceamongthecrewwhoaresoreadilyandeasilyprovokedcollectivelybytheircaptain’sdauntlessandindomitablespirit,whichunitesthemallatonce.Ahabdaresorgoadsthecrewintoakindoffrenzy,includingStarbuck.Remainingtobetheonlyrationalmindontheship,Starbuckchoosesintheendtoobeythecaptainandjoinsthecrazyanddangerousadventurewithanominousfeeling.IV.HowdoAhab’sandStarbuck’sattitudestowardthewhalerepresentman’smulti-facetedinteractionwithnature?Whichattitudeseemsmoreacceptablewithinthecontextofthenovel?Makeyourowncommentsbasedonthetext.Suggestedanswer:Inthisnovel,theauthorcentersonman’smulti-facetedinteractionwithnature,whetheritistryingtocontrolortameit;understandingit;profitingfromit;or,inAhab’scase,defeatingit.Melvilleimpliesinthischapterthatnature,muchlikeorrepresentedbythewhitewhale,isinscrutableandindifferenttoman’sdesireordemand.ThecautiousandpragmaticStarbuckseesthewhaleasjustananimalactingonitsinstinctandseesAhab’srevengeonitablasphemy.Ahabseesthewhalenotjustasananimalbitinghislegandhumiliatinghim,butasthemaskforahigherentity.Hehatesanythinginscrutableandclaimstostrikethesunifitinsultshim.ThisinsaneandblasphemousdefiancecontrastswiththeattitudeofStarbuck,whoavoidsfoolishrisksandremainsawarethatheistheretokillwhalesforaliving“andnottobekilledbythemfortheirs.”ExtensionActivitiesI.Whalingissaidtobethefirstglobalbusiness.Itexperiencedtwobooms—inthe1850sand1970s