2026年欧洲车队电动化：产业拐点与万亿级机遇报告-

Fleetforward:

poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Acollaborationbetween:

Aboutthereport

Corporatefleetelectrificationpresentsthenextindustrialandclimate

inflectionpointfortransportinEurope.DecisiveactioncanhelptosecurealeadingroleforEuropeincleanmobility,deliveringtangiblebenefitsforcitizensandbusinesses,andensuringacompetitiveandresilienttransition.

Thisreportprovidesacross-Europeanperspectiveoftheopportunitiesandchallengesahead.Itis

anchoredaroundtheproposedRegulationonCleanCorporateVehicles,publishedon16December

2025,aspartoftheEuropeanCommission’s

AutomotivePackage.Theproposalisdesignedto

acceleratenewzeroandlowemissionvehicleuptakebylargecompaniesfrom2030.

Alongsideregulation,economicgainsandincentivesarecriticalleverstosecureindustrybuy-inacross

corporatecarsandlight,mediumandheavy

commercialvehiclefleets.Thisreportalsooffersactionablerecommendationstohelpstakeholdersrealisethetransformationpotentialofe-mobility.

CuratedbyEYprofessionalswithextensive

experienceintheenergy,automotive,governmentandtechnologysectors,thisstudyissupportedbyinterviewswithfleetoperators,automakers,chargepointoperators,flexibilityproviders,energyretailers,distributionsystemoperators,leasingcompanies

andindustrybodies.ItalsodrawsontheinsightsofexpertsattheEuropeanenergyindustrybodyEurelectricanditsmembers.

WiththankstoACEA,ALICE,Ayvens,ABVolvo,

BDEW,ChargeUpEurope,ColruytGroup,DG

ENER,EDF,EDP,Edison,Einride,E-MobilityEurope,Enel,EnergiföretagenSverige,EnergyUK,Engie,

ESB,EV100,HitachiEnergy,IKEA,Milence,Mobi.E,NationalGridGroup,Novuna,OctopusEV,Plug,PPC,RegulatoryAssistanceProject,Transport&Environment,Virta,WelchGroupandWienEnergy.

Contents

Statusreport:

globalsnapshot

ofe-mobility

Executivesummary

Fleetforward:factsheet

CHAPTER3

Solutionsand

operatingmodels

thatscale

CHAPTER2

Insightsfrom

industry:obstacles

andcomplexity

CHAPTER1

Far-reachingbenefitsoffleetelectrification

OUTLOOK

Fleetelectrification:

thecatalystfor

Europe’snet-zero

future

Glossaryofterms

ACAlternatingcurrent

AFIR

AlternativeFuelsInfrastructureRegulation

API

Applicationprogramminginterface

BEV

Batteryelectricvehicle

BiK

Benefitinkindtax

CaaS

Charging-as-a-Service

Capex

Capitalexpenditure

CEE

Certificatsd'Économiesd’Énergie

(Frenchenergysavingscertificates)

CO2

Carbondioxide

CPO

Chargepointoperator

DC

Directcurrent

DSO

Distributionsystemoperator

eHCV

Electricheavycommercialvehicle

eLCV

Electriclightcommercialvehicle

eMCV

Electricmediumcommercialvehicle

EMS

EnergyManagementSystem

ETS2

EU’snewcarbon-pricingmechanism

EV

Electricvehicle

FaaS

Fleet-as-a-Service

GDP

GrossDomesticProduct

HCV

Heavycommercialvehicle

ICE

Internalcombustionengine

KWh

Kilowatt-hour

LCV

Lightcommercialvehicle

LOM

Loid’OrientationdesMobilités

(Frenchmobilitystrategylaw)

MCS

MegawattChargingSystem

MCV

Mediumcommercialvehicle

MRB

Motorrijtuigenbelasting

(Dutchmotorvehicletax)

OEM

Originalequipmentmanufacturer

Opex

Operatingexpenditure

PPA

Powerpurchaseagreement

ROI

Returnoninvestment

SLA

Servicelevelagreement

SME

Smallandmedium-sizedenterprise

SoH

Stateofhealthcertification(battery)

TCO

Totalcostofownership

TEN-T

Trans-EuropeanTransportNetwork

TSO

Transmissionsystemoperator

TWh

Terawatt-hour

VED

VehicleExciseDuty(UKtax)

V1G

Unidirectionalmanagedcharging

V2G

Vehicle-to-grid

ZEV

Zeroemissionvehicle

ZEZ

Zeroemissionzone

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter1

Chapter2

Chapter3

Outlook

Aboutthereport

Fleetforward:factsheet

EVprogress—EuropehascrossedtheEVtippingpoint·Europe’spublicchargingnetworksurpasses~1.2mn

EuropeanBEVcarsales(2025)

95.9%

EVpassengervehiclesalesbyregion(2025,%)

20212022202320242025

1.21

3xincrease

+19%

Publicchargingpoints(millions)andgrowthrate(%),Europe

1.02

0.74

0.53

0.36

inpublicchargers

since2021

6xincrease

12%

29%

48%

US

China

Norway

Europe

84%–100%

+30%

51%–83%

HCV-ready

937

720

480

17%–50%

280

charginghubs

150

inHCVhubs

since2021

andgrowthrate(%),Europe

2.6%–16%

25%

0%–2.5%

Global

EVshaveentered

mainstreamadoptioninChinaandEurope

WHYFLEET,WHYNOW—fastestlevertoscaleEVadoption

Emissionsleverage

ofnew-carCO2emissionsare

Economicsinflection

~20%–50%

loweropexvs.ICEforfleetvehicles.

potentialboostindemandfornewEVcars

by2030.

Demand

concentration

Electrificationtargets

60%

ofnewvehicle

salesintheEU

comefromfleets.

2mn

generatedbyfleetvehicles.

LCVs

EUnewcar

registrations(December2025,%)

HCVs

33.7%

22.6%

22.5%

10.7%

7.2%

3.3%

Hybrid

BEV

Petrol

Plug-in

Diesel

Others

Fleetelectrificationdeliverssystem-widebenefitsby2030

December2025

BEVsales>

petrolforfirsttime

ve

EQ\*jc3\*hps44\o\al(\s\up6(n),d)

〉

€140bn

fuelcostsaving.

140TWh

electricitydemand.

EQ\*jc3\*hps44\o\al(\s\up2(9),litr)

bn

dieseldisplaced.

€246bn

cumulative

businesssavings.

71%

ShareofEuropean

vehicleregistrationsbysegment(2025,%)

71%29%

Cars

88%12%

95%5%

EVOthers

Note:Heavydutyvehicle(HDV)-capablepubliccharginglocations,includingdirectcurrent(DC)fastcharging(<350kWand≥350kWAFIR-compliantpowerclasses).

Source:EYanalysis,

https://www.acea.auto/

,

https://alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu/reports/statistics

,

/articles/corporate-fleets-and-the-eu-automotive-industrial-plan

5EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

6EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

.Economicsisthecriticalleverthatwillsecurefleetindustrybuy-intoelectricvehicles(EVs).Basedonexpected

EVuptake,transitioningEurope’sfleetvehicleshasthepotentialtosaveupto€246bninoperatingcostsby2030.

.Fullfleetelectrificationcouldcutone

billiontonnesofcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsby2030;approximately5%ofthecombinedprojectedemissionsfromtheEUandtheUKoverthesameperiod.

.TheEU’sproposedfleetelectrificationmandatescoulddrivedemandformorethantwomillionelectriccarsby2030.Thatisnearlyhalfthenumbersneededtomeetcarmakers’emissionstargets.

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter2

Chapter1

Chapter3

Outlook

Aboutthereport

Executivesummary

Thetransformativepotentialoffleetelectrification

Theautomotiveindustryisundergoingaradicaltransformationaspowertrainsshiftfrominternalcombustionengines(ICE)toelectric.Itis

reshapingfactories,supplychainsandbusinessmodels.However,itiscorporatefleetsthatarepositionedtobecomeoneofthemostpowerfulleversinthistransition.

Corporatefleetscomprisedifferentvehicletypesandbusinessmodels.Theyincludecompanycars,rentals,taxisandride-hailingvehicles,last-mile

andurban-deliveryvehicles,busesandcoaches,andspecialisedvehicles,aswellaslong-haul

freightandlogistics.

InEurope,corporatefleetsrepresentaround

60%ofnewcarsales,andvirtuallyallsalesof

vans,busesandtrucks.1Andtheyalreadymakeasizeablecontributiontotheelectrification

tally.Whilemandatesarenowbeingconsideredtoboostdemand,targetedmeasures,suchas

taxationinBelgiumandtheUK,quotasand

penaltiesinFrance,accessrestrictionsin

urbanareasintheNetherlands,andpreferentialparkingandbuslaneuseinNorway,areproventobeeffectiveinpromptingtheswitchfromICEequivalentstoEVs.

Corporatefleetsmatterbecausetheydrive

themostkilometres.Fleetcarsaccountfor

around45%ofdirectroadtransportCO2

emissions.Lightcommercialvehicles(LCVs)areresponsibleforapproximately12%,whiletrucksandbusesmakeup27%.2FullfleetelectrificationcancutaroundonebilliontonnesofCO2by

2030,3approximately5%ofthecombined

projectedemissionsfromtheEUandtheUKbetween2025and2030.ItisacriticalsteptowardsmeetingthetargetssetintheEU’sFitfor55andGreenDeallegislativeframework.

1

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0096

.

2

https://www.destatis.de/Europa/EN/Topic/Environment-energy/CarbonDioxideRoadTransport.html.Assume50%ofLCVsrebusiness-owned

.

3EYanalysis.AvoidedCO2emissionsarecalculatedonatailpipe(tank-to-wheel)basisassumingthecurrentvehiclefleetisfullyelectrifiedby

2030.Annualavoidedemissionsareestimatedbymultiplyingfleetstockforcars,vansandtrucksbysegment-specificannualmileageanddieselfuelconsumptionassumptions,usingadieselemissionfactorof2.70kgCO2/L.

7EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Executivesummary

Butthecaseforfleetelectrificationisnotonlyenvironmental.Itiseconomicandstrategictoo.

Anditbenefitsallstakeholders.

.Forfleetoperators,fleetelectrificationcoulddeliverupto€246bnincumulativesavings

by2030,through50%to70%lowerenergy

costsand20%to40%reductionsinscheduledservicingandmaintenanceexpenditure.Thesesavingsaresignificant,asoperatingcostsmakeup60%to75%ofthetotalcostofownership

(TCO).Byaddressingotherbarriers—high

acquisitioncosts,uncertainresidualvalues—withtargetedsubsidiesandriskmanagementmechanisms,economicbenefitscanbe

evenhigher.

.Forinfrastructureprovidersandfinanciers,thereispromiseofpredictable,high-volumedemandandlong-termrevenuestreams.

.Forleasingcompanies,bundlede-mobilitypackages,suchasvehicle-plus-chargeratafixedmonthlyfee,couldholdthekeytoadecadeormoreofgrowth.

.ForEUcarmakers,fleetelectrificationcould

beabiggame-changer.Accordingtoa

recentTransport&Environmentstudy,theEU’sproposedfleetelectrificationmandatescoulddrivedemandforanestimatedtwomillion

electriccarsby2030.4Thatisnearlyhalfthevolumesthatautomakersneedtomeettheiremissionstargets.

.Forchargepointoperators(CPOs),fleet

chargingisexpectedtogeneratethree

tofivetimesmorevolumethanispossible

frompubliccharging.Long-termcorporate

chargingcontractswillalsoprovidesecureandpredictablerevenuestreams.

.ForEurope’senergysystem,EVscanoffer

aflexibleloadtoabsorbrenewableenergy

generation.Inthisway,fleetscanhelpto

stabilisegrids,reducetheneedfornetworkinvestment,andbecome,inturn,cornerstonesofEurope’scleanandsecureenergyfuture.

Momentumisreal.Butfornow,itisfuelledbytaxsubsidiesandotherincentiveprogrammes,whichinfluencethenaturalforcesofsupply

anddemand.

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter3

Chapter1

Chapter2

Outlook

Aboutthereport

InNorway,around90%ofnewsalesinthe

corporatecarmarketarezeroemissions.5In

Germany,morethan70%ofallbatteryEV(BEV)

registrationsaremadebycompanyorleasing

fleets,andmorethan60%inSweden.6Inthe

Netherlands,drivenbytheendoftaxexemptionsforICEvansandtherolloutofzeroemissionzones(ZEZs),electricvansaccountedfor44%ofnew

LCVsalesasofJanuary2025.

Belgium’smarketisacceleratingtoo.In2024,40%ofcompanycarregistrationswerefully

electric,fourtimestherateofprivate-buyersales.7From2026,onlyelectriccompany

carswillqualifyfortaxbreaks,whileICE

vehicleswilllosedeductibilityandfacehigherBenefitinKind(BiK)tax.

Policysignalsaremixedbutevolving.Onthe

positiveside,theproposalforaRegulationon

CleanCorporateVehicles,partoftheEuropeanCommission’sAutomotivePackage,wouldplacebindingnationaltargetsforlargecompaniesto

acceleratetheuptakeofzeroandlowemission

vehicles,startingin2030.Thissitswithinabroaderambitiontocuttransportemissionssignificantly,expandZEZsandmobilisemultibillion-euro

investmentsincharginginfrastructure.CombinedwiththenewEuropeanGridsPackage,which

strivesforgridreadinessthroughstrategicplanningandstreamlinedpermitting,thesemeasuresmarkadecisiveshifttowards

electrifiedmobility.

Atthesametime,theprospectofexpedited

revisionstocoreframeworks,suchastheCO2

regulation,8introducesuncertaintyatacritical

moment.Aselectrificationscales,itisessentialthatsupply-sideanddemand-sidepolicymeasures

remaincoherent,predictableandmutually

reinforcing,sendingclearandconsistentsignalstomanufacturers,investorsandcustomersalike.

Economicsandinnovationareconverging.Newbusinessmodels,suchasbundlede-mobility

packages,sharedmobilityandflexibilityservices,arebecomingmoremainstream.Digitalplatforms,smartcharging,whichallowstherateandtime

ofchargetobemanagedintelligently,andtheemergingpotentialofenergymanagement,

on-sitebatterystorage,innovativeenergy

contractsandvehicle-to-grid(V2G)technologiesstandtocreatealternativerevenueopportunities.

Meanwhile,stateofhealth(SoH)certification

programmesareenhancingconfidence,safety,

valueandsustainabilityacrossthebatterylifecycle,frompurchaseandusetoreuseandrecycling.

4

/articles/corporate-fleets-and-the-eu-automotive-industrial-plan

.

5

https://www.acea.auto/news/incentives-not-knee-jerk-mandates-key-to-boosting-uptake-of-corporate-zero-emission-cars/

6

/ctek-magazine/how-fleet-benefits-are-powering-ev-adoption-across-europe

.

7

/belgiums-tax-incentives-drive-electric-vehicles-in-corporate-fleets-may25/

8

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019/p>

.

8EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Aboutthereport

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter3

Chapter2

Chapter1

Outlook

Executivesummary

TCOandopex:whytheymatter

TCOmeasuresthefulllifetimecostofavehicle:whatyoupaytobuyit(capitalcosts),runit

(operatingcosts)andwhatyourecoverwhen

yousellit(residualvalue).Operatingcosts,e.g.,fuel,maintenance,insuranceandtaxes,typicallyaccountfor60%to75%ofTCOandcontinuethroughoutthevehicle'slifetime.

TCO=[acquisitioncost+financingcosts]+[fuel/energy+maintenanceandrepair+insurance+

taxes/fees+downtime]—residualvalue

.Buyingit:capitalexpenditure(capex)

.Vehicleacquisitioncost(purchasepriceorlease)

.Financingcosts(interestonloans,leasefees)

.Initialinfrastructure(chargingequipmentinstallation)

.Upfronttaxesandfees(registration,delivery)

.Runningit:operatingcosts(opex)

.Fuelorenergycosts(diesel,petrolorelectricity)

.Service,maintenanceandrepair

.Insurance(annualpremiums)

.Taxesandfees(annualroadtax,tolls,permits,annualincentives)

.Downtimecosts(lostproductivity,replacementvehiclerental)

.Administrativecosts(drivercosts,fleetmanagement,compliance)

.Sellingit:themoneyyougetbackattheend(residualvalue)

.Depreciation(lossinvalueoverownershipperiod)

.Residualvalue(resale/trade-invalue—subtractedfromtotal)

TCOisthecriticalmetricforfleetoperators.IfTCOisfavourable,itwillinfluenceoperators’economicdecisionstoelectrify.

GovernmentscansupportTCOwithtargetedmeasures.TheyincludesubsidiestolowertheupfrontcostofEVsandinsurance-backed

solutions,independentbatteryhealth

certification,buybackcommitmentsfromoriginalequipmentmanufacturers(OEMs)andsecond-handmarketstohelpstabiliseresidualvalues.

WhileTCOisfastbecomingfavourablefor

car-basedfleetsandLCVs,supportisneededforthemorenascentelectrictrucksegment.

Onopex,EVsarealreadydemonstrating

clearadvantagecomparedwithICEvehicles.Thisislargelyaconsequenceofreduced

energycosts,servicingandmaintenance.

9EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Aboutthereport

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter3

Chapter1

Chapter2

Outlook

Executivesummary

Opportunitymeetschallenge

Despitestronglevers,fleetelectrificationcould

movefaster.InFrance,forinstance,onlyonequarterofcompaniesrequiredtocomplywiththeLoi

d’OrientationdesMobilités(LOM)weremeetingtheirEVrenewalquotasby20259but,once

thenewtax/penaltyregimetookeffectin2025,fleetEVuptakevisiblyaccelerated.BEVsreached27%offleetregistrationsbyDecember2025,

helpingliftBEVsto20%ofthefull-yearmarket.10

Persistentbarriersremain.Theyincludefragmented

policyandincentives,upfrontvehiclecostsand

higherpricesforpublicvs.privatecharging.Other

obstaclescomefromuncertainsecond-handdemand,residualvaluedilutionandoperationalcomplexities.

Meanwhile,somecountriesexperiencechallengeswiththespeedofgridreinforcementandaccesstosupporttherolloutofcharginginfrastructure.

IfEuropeistoseizethecompetitiveadvantage,itmustscalealready-provenfleetsolutions.

Thismeanswell-designedincentives,whichpair

fiscalandeconomiclevers,robustregulationto

providelong-termcertainty,andinnovativefinancingwithpracticalenablerstomakeelectrificationwork.

Charginghubsalongmajorroadnetworks,

integrateddataplatforms,prioritisationofzeroemissionvehicles(ZEVs)inpublicprocurementtenders,andflexibilityservicesarethecore

enablersurgentlyneededtodeliverconfidenceandcorporatefleetelectrificationatscale.

“

Thetriggerpointfor

thetransitiontozero

emissionvehiclesis

whenallconditionsalign:

vehicle;infrastructure;

totalcostofownership

andcompetitivenesswithdiesel;andultimatelytheabilitytoearnmoney.

ThomasFabian

ChiefCommercialVehiclesOfficer,ACEA

Therewardsareclear:lowercosts,stronger

globalmarketpositioningandmajoremissionscuts.Thequestionisnotwhethertoact,

buthowfastwecanmove.Inconversations

withindustrystakeholders,weidentifiedthe

criticalprioritiesthatwillaccelerateandshapecorporatefleetelectrificationacrossEurope.

9

/uploads/files/TE_202502_Bilan-LOM.pdf

10

https://www.aaa-data.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CP_1er_janvier-2026_AAA_DATA.pdf

Figure1:Next-stepactionsforfleetelectrification

Fleet

operators

Energy

companies

OEMs

CPOs

andhub

developers

Financing

andleasing

companies

Policymakers

andregulators

Source:EYanalysis.

Accelerate

.Identifybusinesscaseforelectrification

.Implementschedule-awarecharging(alignwithroutesanddwelltimes)

Initiate

.Opendepotsforpublic/third-partychargingwherefeasible

.IntegrateEnergyManagementSystems(EMS)withreimbursementandflexibility(demandresponse/V1G/V2Gmodules)

.Providetransparentdataiftechnicallyavailableandcost-efficient

.Enableconsumerstoassessconnectioncapacitydowntolowvoltage

.Scaleflexibleconnectionagreements(e.g.,non-firmaccess)withincentives

.Rollouttime-of-usetariffsand

EVflexibilityprogrammes

.

Digitaliseandintegrategrid-connectionworkflowsforfasterapprovals

.LockinMegawattChargingSystem(MCS)timelines

.EducatefleetsonSoH,chargingstrategiesandoperationalimpacts

.

.

Publishduty-cycleenergycurvesandenablebatterySoHtransparency

Co-developsmart-chargingapplicationprogramminginterface(APIs)withCPOs/EMSvendors

.ProvideeducationonEVtech,chargingoperations,andtotalcostbenefits

.

.

Buildreservation-basedtruckhubsnearlogisticsclusters

Co-locatestorage/renewables;standardisedriver

amenitiesanduptimeservicelevelagreements(SLAs)

.Scalechargerleasingand

Flexibility-as-a-Servicebundles

.

.

Includeuptimeguaranteesandperformance-linkedpricing

Supportsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprise(SME)

depotswithgrant-backedkitsandsimplifiedfinancing

.IncentiviseEVsandreduceelectricitysurcharges

.Fast-trackpermitsandgridupgradesforTEN-Ttruckcharging

.ApplyEurovignettetollexemptionsforZEVs

.MandateZEVfleettargets

.Harmoniseheavycommercialvehicle(HCV)chargingstandards;publishanear-termtruckstrategy

.SetV2Gandbatteryrecyclingrules

Inacceleratingtheelectrificationoffleet,and

accruingsystem,environmentalandsociety-widebenefits,economicswillbethecriticaldriver.Ifallparticipantsintheemergingecosystemcanidentify

value—whethertheir“currency”isTCO,opex,returnoninvestment(ROI),emissionscurtailmentorcapexreduction—thebusinesscaseforelectrification

becomes,surely,irrefutable.

10EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter1

Chapter2

Chapter3

Outlook

Aboutthereport

Statusreport:global

snapshotofe-mobility

Why2025wasatippingpointforEVadoption

.2025markedaglobaltippingpointforelectricmobility.EVsalesclimbedto~23.7million(26%share),confirmingtheshiftisstructuraldespite

aweakglobalautomarket.Europeledtheacceleration.Thebattery

electriccarsharejumpedfrom15.4%to19.4%(+30%yearonyear),11

andDecemberdeliveredasymbolicbreakthroughasBEVsovertook

petrolinEUregistrationsforthefirsttime(22.6%vs.22.5%),withtheUKreaching32.2%(petrol,22.1%).Majormarkets(Germany(+43%BEVs),theNetherlands(+18.1%BEVs),Belgium(+12.6%BEVs)andFrance(+12.5%

BEVs))12allexpandedin2025,whileEuropeanOEMssurgedahead,

withBEVsalesup+32%,andVWbecomingEurope’stopEVbrand.13Bycomparison,NorthAmericaheldaround10%,emergingmarketsreached~7%,andChinapushedpast50%,underscoringEurope’spositionasthefastestmovingmatureEVmarketglobally.

.Electrificationalsoacceleratedacrosscommercialtransport.Electric

LCVs(eLCVs)roseto12%ofEuropeLCVregistrationsin2025(from

6.5%in2024),14evenastotalvansalesdeclined.Mediumandheavy

commercialelectrictrucksnearlydoubled,reaching4.8%ofEuropean

registrationsdrivenbystrongadoptioninGermany,theNetherlandsandFrance,whileelectricbusesreached25.9%ofnewregistrations.Together,thesetrendsshowEVuptakeisrapidlyexpandingbeyondpassenger

cars,positioningEuropeastheglobalfrontrunnerinzeroemissioncommercialmobility.

Figure2:GlobalEVsales(millions)andmarketshare(%)2020–2515

Whereweare

~85mn

GlobalEVstockin2025

l

EQ\*jc3\*hps70\o\al(\s\up5(n),ob)

allel

EQ\*jc3\*hps70\o\al(\s\up5(c),ectr)

irs

~65%–70%

ofglobalEVgrowthisdrivenbyChina

25m

20m

15m

10m

5m

0

24

120%

●

26%

18

14

56%

●

33%

116.7

25%

30%

3.2

20202021EVsales(millions)

2022202320242025--EVsalesgrowthrateYoY(%)

.Chinaaccountsformorethan60%ofglobalEVsales,drivenbystrongEVpenetration(>50%ofnewcarsales),costparityandaggressivepolicysupport.

11

https://www.acea.auto/files/Press_release_car_registrations_December_2025.pdf

12

https://www.acea.auto/pc-registrations/new-car-registrations-1-8-in-2025-battery-electric-17-4-market-share/

13

/news/785136/volkswagen-beats-tesla-ev-sales-europe-2025/

14

https://www.acea.auto/cv-registrations/new-commercial-vehicle-registrations-vans-8-8-trucks-6-2-buses-7-5-in-2025/

15

/

11EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Aboutthereport

Chapter2

Chapter1

Chapter3

Outlook

Statusreport:globalsnapshotofe-mobility

Figure3:Totalvehiclesales(million)byregionJan-Oct202516

Passengercars

12.0

4.0

2.5

1.4

ChinaEuropeUSRestof

world

0.010.01

0.01

0.010.01

0.01

0.06

0.01

Commercialvehiclesandbussales

0.14

0.04

0.05

0.3

0.03

0.02

0.09

0.03

ChinaEuropeUSRestof

world

LCVsMCVsHCVsBuses

.TheAlternativeFuelsInfrastructureRegulation(AFIR)17imposeslegallybindingtargetsacrosstheEU.

Electricchargingstationsforcarsandvansarenowmandatoryat60-kilometreintervalsalongthecoreTrans-EuropeanTransportNetwork(TEN-T),withfullcoverageexpectedby2030.

Figure4:TotalnumberofpubliclyaccessiblechargingpointsinEurope2024–2518AveragecharginginEurope

+20%1.185k

987k

Q124Q224Q324Q424Q125Q225Q325Q425

DC+40%

AC+16%

10%6%

DC34%

50%

1%10%

AC

89%

ACpointsDCpoints

Directcurrent(DC)—oftenreferredtoasfastorrapidchargers.

Alternatingcurrent(AC)—slowerchargersgenerallyfoundinhome,workplacesettingsorpubliclocations.

<50kW

50kW–<150kW

150kW–<350kW>350kW

50kW–<150kW

150kW–<350kW>350kW

16

/

;

/

;

/2025/01/17/electrified-cars-make-up

-nearly-9-of-chinas-total-car-fleet/;

/china-electric-vehicle-market-107692

;

https://

/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ID-463-%E2%80%93-China-ZE-MHDVs-H1-2025_market-spotlight_final-1.pdf

17

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1804/oj/eng

18

https://alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu/reports/statistics

12EY—Eurelectricreport|Fleetforward:poweringthetransitiontoelectricmobility

Aboutthereport

Statusreport

Factsheet

Executivesummary

Chapter2

Chapter1

Chapter3

Outlook

Statusreport:globalsnapshotofe-mobility

.Thepaceofdeploymentisstrong.Publiccharging

infrastructurehasgrownrapidly,andmostEUMemberStatesareontracktomeettheircarandvancoverageandpoweroutputrequirements.19,20Bylate2024,around70%oftheTEN-Tcore

networkwasequippedwithultra-fastchargers.ElevenMemberStateshadalreadymetAFIR’srequirementforpassengercarsandvans.21Progresscontinuedthrough2025,closingthegapsinSouthernandEasternEurope.

.Fortrucksandbuses,fast-chargingstationsarenowmandatoryat120-kilometreintervalsonTEN-Tcoreroutes,tightening

to60kilometresby2030.Bytheendof2025,atleast15%

oftheTEN-Tcorenetworkhadtobeequippedwithpubliclyaccessiblecharginginfrastructureforheavycommercial

vehicles(HCVs),increasingto50%by2027.