以功能对等理论的翻译技巧分析新闻特写文本

.AnIntroductiontotheProjectThischaptermainlyintroduceskeyinformationsuchastheoverallbackground,purposeandstructureofthetranslatedreport.1.1BackgroundsoftheProjectTheRollerCoasterKing:TheManBehindtheUK’sFastestThrill-RideisanewsfeaturetextwrittenbyTomLamontandpublishedinTheGuardianonOctober24,2024.TheauthornamedTomLamontisafreelancewriterwhomainlypublishesarticlesinTheGuardianandTheObserver.Thisarticleconsistsof6,529words.Intermsofcontent,thisoriginalarticleismainlyanin-depthreportonJohnBurton’sexperienceindesigningThorpeParkrollercoaster“Hyperia”,showingthewholeprocessoftheprojectfromcreativeconcepttofinalconstructionoperation.ThewritingstyleofTomLamontisvividanddetailed.Thismakereadersdeeplyunderstandthestoriesbehindthedesignoftherollercoasterandhavethecomplexityandcharmofthisproject.Forexample,whendescribingJohnBurton’sappearanceandworkingscene,thewriterusesspecificdescriptivelanguagestomakethecharactermorevivid.Whiletalkingaboutthedesignelementsandridingexperienceoftherollercoaster,hisdelicatewritingmakesreadersfeelasiftheyarehere.Besides,healsointroducesrelevantbackgroundinformationabouttherollercoasterindustry,suchasotherwell-knowndesignersandtheirworks,thedevelopmenthistoryofrollercoasterelements,industrysafetystandards,andpastaccidentcases.Thismakesthearticlemorespecializedandrich.InthesixtheditionofProfessionalFeatureWriting,theBruceGarrison(2023)mentionsthat“Afeaturestoryisapieceofnon-fictionwritingaboutnews.Afeaturestoryisatypeofsoftnews.Themainsub-typesarethenewsfeatureandthehuman-intereststory”.Thisarticlebelongstothenewsfeaturestylerelatedtoamusementfacilitiesinthemeparks,whichincludesprofessionalknowledgeintroduction,characterexperiencenarration,projectprocessdescriptionandothercontents.Itprovidesrichanddiverselanguagematerialsfortranslationreportsandhelpstounderstandthecharacteristicsanddifficultiesofthiskindofarticlesintranslation.Inthistranslationpractice,theauthoradoptsEugeneAlbertNida’sFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryastheguidingtheoryoftranslation.EugeneNidahasmentionedthedefinitionofdynamicequivalenceinhisworknamedTowardaScienceofTranslating(Nida,1964).Nida’stheoryhighlightsthattranslationshouldprioritizethefunctionalequivalenceofsource-languageinformationinthetargetlanguage.Thismeansfocusingonhowthemessagefunctionsandtheeffectsitcreates,ratherthanmerelymatchingformalstructures.Fornewsfeaturetexts,thekeytaskistorecreatetheirvividlinguisticstyleanddistinctivestylisticimpacts.Translatorsneedtouselivelyvocabularyandadaptableexpressionswhilepreservingtheoriginaltext’srhetoricaltechniques.Thisapproachensuresthatthetranslatedworknotonlyconveysthecontentaccuratelybutalsomaintainstheexpressivepowerandstylisticfeaturesessentialtonewsfeaturewriting.Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorythatincludeslexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,textualequivalenceandstylisticequivalencecanbewellappliedtothetranslationofthistypeoftext.1.2ValuesandObjectivesoftheProjectThisarticleisanewsfeaturetext,andithasthefollowingpracticalapplicationvaluesastherawmaterialforatranslationreport:Firstly,thearticlecontainsnumerousexamplesthatencompassdiversecontent,suchaspersonalexperiencesanddetaileddescriptionsoftheprojectprocess.Theseexamplesofferarichsupplyoflinguisticmaterialsforthetranslationreport,whichaidsinexaminingthecharacteristicsandchallengesoftranslatingthistexttype.Secondly,thetextprovidesampleresourcesforpracticingtranslationtechniques.Thetexthasmanyprofessionalterms,complexsentences,andvariousfiguresofspeech(likemetaphors),whichrequirethetranslatortousedifferenttranslationmethodstotranslateitwell,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,transliteration,addinginformation,andleavingoutparts.Third,therearemanytechnicaltermsrelatedtorollercoastersinthearticle.Studyingthetranslationofthesetermscanhelpimprovetheabilitytotranslatetermsintheamusementindustry.Finally,thisarticleservesasacaseforresearchingcross-culturalcommunication.Itincludesculturalelementsfromdifferentregions,suchasthepopularityofrollercoastersinvariousplaces,namingconventions,andrelatedculturalknowledge(e.g.,thesymbolicmeaningsofdifferentdesignelements).Theseaspectshelpinunderstandinghowtoaddressculturaldisparitiesduringtranslationandeffectivelytransmitculturalinformation.1.3OrganizationoftheReportThistranslationreportisdividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartisanintroductiontotheproject.Itincludesthebackground,value,andpurposeoftheresearch.Thebackgroundintroducesbasicinformationabouttheoriginaltext,suchastheauthor,length,publicationdate,andgenre.ItalsoexplainstheuseofNida’stheoryoffunctionalequivalenceinthistranslationandbrieflydiscusseshowitappliestotranslatingjournalistictexts.Inthepartabouttheresearchvalueandpurposeoftheoriginalmaterial,theauthormentionsfourmainbenefitsofusingthisjournalistictextforthetranslationreport.First,itprovidesmanylanguagematerialstostudythefeaturesandchallengesoftranslatingthiskindoftext.Second,ithascontentforpracticingtranslationskills.Third,itmayhelpimprovethetranslationoftermsintheamusementindustry.Last,itcanbeacasefordealingwithculturaldifferencesintranslationandsharingculturalinformation.Thesecondparttalksaboutthedifferentstagesinthetranslationprocess.First,itdescribesthepreparationworkdonebeforestartingtotranslate.Thispreparationmainlyincludesanalyzingtheoriginalmaterialthoroughly,choosingsuitabletranslationtheoriestoguidethetranslation,andlookingforalotofrelatedreferencestohelpwiththeprocess.Next,thepartdiscussesthemainproblemsmetduringtheactualtranslationandthemethodsusedtosolvetheseproblems.Finally,itexplainstheproofreadingstage.Thismeansthetranslatorfirstchecksthetranslatedtextthemselves,thendiscussesspecificwordsandphraseswiththeteacherindetail,andfinallydoesafinalproofreadtomakesurethetranslationisaccurateandsmooth.ThethirdsectionfocusesonexplainingEugeneNida’stheoryoffunctionalequivalence.First,itdescribesthecontextandreasonsforthetheory’sorigin,outliningthecircumstancesthatledtoitscreation.Then,thesectiondiscusseshowthetheoryevolvedovertime,highlightingkeystagesinitsdevelopment.Additionally,itexploresdebatesaroundthetheory,presentingdifferentviewpointsonitsvalidityandpracticaluses.Finally,thesectionexplainshowthetheoryappliestotranslationstudies,showinghowitguidesandinformstranslationpractices.Thefourthsectionintroducesadetailedcasestudyontranslation,analyzingitfromthreekeyaspects:lexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,andtextualequivalence.Themaingoalofthisanalysisistoeffectivelyconveythepositivemessageintheoriginaltexttothetargetreader.Inthistranslationcontext,thefunctionalequivalencetheorystressestheimportanceofhowtargetreadersreceiveandacceptthetranslatedtext.Toachievethis,thetheoryconsidersreaders’responsestothetranslationandencouragestranslatorstoadaptthetexttoalignwiththetargetaudience’slinguistichabitsandculturalcharacteristics.Byapplyingthisapproach,readerscanbetterunderstandtheprocessofconstructingandoperatingarollercoaster,ensuringthetranslatedcontentisbothaccessibleandmeaningful.Thefifthpartistheconclusion.Theauthorwilllookbackatthewholetranslationprocess,summarizewhatwaslearned,talkaboutthelimitationsoftheprocess,andgivesuggestionsforfuturetranslationpracticeandresearch.Finally,theoriginaltextanditstranslationwillbeattached.Theentiretranslationprojectisnowcomplete.2.TranslationProcessThischapterintroducesthetranslationprocessfromthreeaspects:pre-translation,while-translation,andpost-translation.2.1Pre-translationThissectionelaboratesonthespecificdetailsoftheoriginaltextandthepreparatoryworkbeforetranslation.2.1.1AnalysesoftheSourceTextTheRollerCoasterKing:TheManBehindtheUK’sFastestThrill-RideiswrittenbyTomLamont.ThearticlemainlytellsaboutJohnBurton.Hewasscaredofrollercoastersbefore,butlaterhebecamearollercoasterdesigner.HewasinchargeofthebiggestprojectatThorpePark,thatis,designingandbuildingthenewrollercoaster“Hyperia”.Ittellsindetailhowhegottheproject.Thenitshowshowheworkedwithdifferentpeopleduringthedesign.Thereweremanyproblemswhenbuildingtherollercoaster.Forexample,theyhadtroublenamingit.Also,therewereissuesduringthebuildingandtesting.Afteritopened,ithadsomemalfunctions.Besides,theauthorwroteabouthisownexperienceofridingtherollercoaster.Thearticlehaslotsofdetaileddescriptionsandcharacterdialogues.ItdescribesBurton’sworkplace,howtheytalkedaboutthedesign,andthedetailsofbuildingdifferentpartsoftherollercoaster.Thelanguageiseasytounderstand.Itmakesreadersfeelliketheyknowthestoriesbehindbuildingtherollercoaster.Thisarticleislikeanewsfeature.ItfocusesonJohnBurtonandthethinghedid-designingtherollercoaster.Ithasmanydetails.Readerscanknoweverythingabouthowtheprojectdeveloped.Itclearlyshowsthewholeprocessoftherollercoaster,fromthefirstideatorunningit.Thisarticlehastheobviousfeaturesofanewsfeaturetext.Itcentersonaspecificperson,JohnBurton,andthespecificthinghedid-designingarollercoaster.Therearealotofdetaileddescriptions.Theymakereadersfeelliketheyarerightthere.Readerscanunderstandthewholedevelopmentprocessofthiseventverywell.Itclearlyshowsthewholeprocessoftherollercoaster,fromthebeginningdesignideatotherealoperation.Therefore,translatorsshouldpayattentiontothefollowingfourpointsintranslation:(1)beingfaithfultothecontentoftheoriginal;(2)beingconsistentwiththetextgenreoftheoriginal;(3)readers'acceptanceofthetranslation;(4)whatkindofenvironmentthetranslationwillbeusedin(Jiang,2020).MelvinMencherwasaprofessorattheGraduateSchoolofJournalismfrom1962to1990.Beforethat,heworkedfortheUnitedPressandnewspapersinNewMexicoandCalifornia.HehascoveredCentralAmericaasaspecialcorrespondentfortheChristianScienceMonitor.Inaddition,hetaughtattheUniversityofKansasandHumboldtStateUniversity.HeisalsoaHarvardNiemanScholarandtheauthorofNewsReportingandWriting.ThebookwastranslatedbyZhanJiangandpublishedbyHuaxiaPublishingHouse.ZhanJiang,aprofessorattheDepartmentofInternationalJournalismandCommunicationatBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,discussesthedefinitionandcharacteristicsofnewsfeaturetextsinhistranslationofthebook.Thegeneralmeaningisdefinedasfollows:Featureisakindofnewsstylethatfocusesonstory,detaildescriptionandemotionalexpression.Itdoesnotpursueimmediacy,butprovidesbackground,meaningandhumanizedperspectiveforreadersthroughin-depthexplorationofcharacters,eventsorphenomena.Thefeaturesofthenewsfeaturetextmentionedinthisbookareasfollows:thecoreofthefeatureistotransformthenewseventintoavividstory,whichreliesonscenedescription,characterdialogueanddramaticstructure,sothatreaderscanbeimmersive.UnlikeHardNews,featuresallowjournaliststouseliterarytechniques,buttheymustadherestrictlytofactualtruth(ZhanJiang,2004).ItisanarticleaboutJohnBurton’sexperiencedesigningthe“Hyperia”rollercoasteratThorpePark.Itshowsthewholeprocess,fromthebirthoftheideatothefinalconstructionandoperation,andisatypicalfeaturedstory.AuthorTomLamontusesvividanddetailedbrushstrokestohelpreadersunderstandthestorybehindrollercoasterdesignandfeelthecomplexityandcharmoftheproject.IndescribingBurton’spersonalityandworkscene,heusesspecificdetailstobringthemantolife.Hedescribesthedesignelementsandrideexperienceoftherollercoasterinsuchdetailthatreadersfeelasiftheyarethere.Inaddition,Lamontdescribesthebackgroundinformationoftherollercoasterindustry,suchasotherfamousdesignersandtheirwork,thehistoryofrollercoasterelements,industrysafetystandards,andpastaccidentcases.Thisaddsalotofinformationanddepthtothearticle.Thisarticleishighlyprofessional.Asanewsfeaturetext,thearticlehasauniquestyleandstructure,suchasvividdescription,dialogueofcharacters,andinsertionofbackgroundinformation.Theoriginaltexthascharacteristicsinvocabulary,sentencestructure,anddiscoursestructure.First,intermsofvocabulary,thisarticleaboutrollercoasterdesignandconstructionincludesmanyspecializedtermsrelatedtorollercoasters,makingithighlytechnical.Examplesinclude“verticaldrop,”“ratchet-securedcables,”and“Immelmannturn.”Second,intermsofsentencestructure,therearesomecomplexsentencestructuresthatmayneedtobeadjustedinwordorderduringtranslation.Forexample,“WorkinginofficesaroundtheperimeterofThorpeParkthatwerescatteredwithgold-sequinedcostumesandgianteyeballs,theleftoverpropsofforgottenattractions,Burtonledweeksofmeetings,tryingtodrumupideas.”Intranslation,thewordordermaybeadjustedtofitChinesesentencestructure.LiuMiqing

(2005)

pointedoutinhisworksthatChinese-Englishtranslationshouldfollowthe“timeorderprinciple”and“logicalarrangementprinciple”ofChinese,andmakethetranslationconformtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguagethroughwordorderreorganizing.TranslatorsneedtouseSyntacticRestructuringintranslation.Finally,intermsoftext,theoriginaltexthasstrongthematiccoherence.ThearticlemainlytellsaboutJohnBurton’sexperiencedesigningtherollercoaster.Fromtheinitialexperiencethroughthedesignprocesstothenaming,buildingandtestingofthecoaster,translatorsneedtoensurethatthetranslationremainsthematicallyconsistent.Bychoosingtherightvocabularyandconnectingsentenceswell,thetranslatorensuresthethemeflowssmoothlyinthetargetlanguage,helpingreadersclearlygraspthemainpointsofthearticle.2.1.2PreparationsfortheProjectBeforewritingthispaper,thetranslatordidthefollowingwork:First,thetranslatoraskedthesupervisorhowtofindandselecttheoriginaltextfortranslation.Afterchoosingafewmaterials,thetranslatorconsultedtheteacheraboutwhichtypeoftextwouldbesuitableforthetranslationreport.Then,thetranslatorusedwell-knownacademicwebsitesbothinChinaandabroad,suchasCNKI,CambridgeAcademic,andTheGuardian,tofindarticlesfortranslation.Finally,thetranslatordecidedonanarticlefromTheGuardianwebsite.First,thetranslatordownloadedandprintedtheoriginaltext.Thetranslatorreaditcarefullyandsummarizedthemaincontentofthearticle.Thetranslatoralsoidentifiedthetexttype,languagefeatures,andsentencestructures.Next,thetranslatorstartedlookingforthemostsuitabletranslationtheorytoguidethetranslationprocess.Thismeantdoingalotofresearchinlibrariesandonline,wheredifferenttranslationtheorieswereexploredandexamined.Afterchoosingaspecifictranslationtheory,thetranslatoranalyzedthetextandthetheorythoroughly.Thisdeepstudyhelpedthetranslatorbetterunderstandboththeoriginaltextandthetheoreticalframework.Then,thetranslatortriedtranslatingsomepassagestoapplythetheoryinpractice.Thetranslatedpassagesweregiventothetutorforreview.Whenthetutorapprovedthem,thetranslatorbegantranslatingtherestofthepassages.Atthesametime,thetranslatoralsolookedforrelevantliteraturetosupportthetranslationchoicesmadeduringtheprocess.Also,togetacademicmaterials,thetranslatorusedmorewaysthanjustthelibraryandinternet.Forexample,thetranslatortookaspecialcourseonappreciatingfamousChineseandEnglishtranslations.Thiscoursehelpedthetranslatorbetterunderstandtranslationartbyshowingthemmanytranslatedworksandthedetailsofhowtheyweremade.Thecoursewasmainlyaboutenjoyingtranslationsbyfamoustranslators.Afterlearningfromtheworksofthesemasters,thetranslator’sliteraryskillswereimproved.Furthermore,thetranslatorexchangedacademicideaswithotherstudentsinthesamemajor,discussingdifficultiesencounteredduringtranslationandsharingsolutions.Theyalsodiscussedhowtowriteahigh-qualitytranslationreport.Insummary,thepreparationworkforthepaperwastediousbutnecessary.2.2While-translationThispartfocusesondiscussingthedifficultiesencounteredduringthetranslationprocessandthecorrespondingsolutions.2.2.1MajorDifficultiesEncounteredFirst,intermsofvocabulary,thetextoftenincludesspecializedtermsandbackgroundknowledgerelatedtotheindustry,suchas“scorpiontail,”“heart-lineroll,”and“hammerheadturn.”Someterms,like“Hyperia,”cannotevenbefoundindictionaries.Thismeansthetranslatorneedstohaveastrongunderstandingoflanguage,knowledgeofthesubject’sculturalcontext,andfamiliaritywithrollercoaster-relatedterminology.Sometermsmayalsohaveculturalmeanings.Second,intermsofsyntax,theoriginaltextcontainsmanylongandcomplexsentences,whicharemorecommonthansimplesentences.Thisrequiresthetranslatortobreakdownthesentencestructuresforabetterunderstandingandtranslationofthetext.Third,intermsofdiscourse,thetextusesvividanddetailedlanguage.Thisrequiresthetranslatortousecreativevocabularyandflexibleexpressionstokeeptheoriginaltext’srhetoricalstyle,soreadersfeelasiftheyareexperiencingthescenedirectly.Fourth,thearticleincludesculturalelementsfromdifferentcountries,suchasthepopularityofrollercoasters,namingrules,andculturalbackground(forexample,themeaningbehindthenamesofdifferentelements).Thetranslatorneedstohavetherightknowledgetoconveythisculturalinformationclearly.Finally,fortranslationtheory,thetranslatorchoseNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,whichismorefamiliar.However,therearefewpapers,bothdomesticallyandinternationally,thatapplythistheorytotranslatethistypeoftext.Thishascausedsomedifficultyforthetranslator.2.2.2ProcessofSolvingDifficultiesWhentranslatingthisfeaturenewsarticle,thetranslatorusuallyusesthefollowingmethodstohandlethechallenges:First,beforetranslating,thetranslatordoesdetailedresearchonthebackgroundinformationrelatedtothearticle,includingtheculturalcontextoftheeventandimportantprofessionalknowledge,tomakesuretheyunderstandtheoriginalcontentcorrectly.Thisarticlehasmanyspecializedtermsandindustrylanguage,sothetranslatorpreparesalistoftermsbeforehandtoensurethetranslationisaccurateandconsistent.Second,thearticlecontainsmanylongandcomplexsentences.Thetranslatordealswiththisbybreakingthesentencesintosmallerpartsandadjustingthewordordertomakethetranslationsmootherandeasiertoread.Third,becausefeaturenewsarticlesmustbefactuallycorrect,thetranslatorchecksallthefactsintheoriginaltexttoavoidanyerrorsinthetranslation.Fourth,thesourcematerialisover6,000wordslong,sothetranslatorusestoolslikedictionaries,termdatabases,andothertextstospeeduptheprocessandimprovethequalityofthetranslation.Finally,aftercompletingthetranslation,thetranslatorcarefullyproofreadsthetextseveraltimestocheckforaccuracy,fluency,andconsistencyinstyle,thensubmitsthetranslatedtexttotheadvisorforfeedback.2.3Post-translationThispartmainlyfocusesonself-proofreading,peer-proofreading,andexpert-proofreading.2.3.1SelfProofreadingIntheprocessofwritingthethesis,thetranslatorspendsalotoftimethinkingandexploring.Lookingbackonthewholeprocess,thetranslatorgainsaclearerunderstandingofthestrengthsandweaknessesofthepaper.Intermsofstrengths,thetranslatorisflexiblewithvocabulary.Featurenewsarticleshavemanydifferentwords,andthetranslatordoesthoroughresearchtochoosethebestwords,makingsurethemeaningoftheoriginaltextiscorrectlycaptured.Forexample,whendescribingBurtonridingarollercoaster,thetranslatorusesvividwordsthatletreadersofthetranslatedtextfeeltheintensityofthescene.Also,thetranslatorunderstandstheoriginaltextwell,whichhelpscaptureimportantdetailsandemotions,avoidingmistranslationsormissingkeyinformation.However,therearesomeweaknesses.Whentranslatingculturallyspecificphrasesrelatedtorollercoasters,eventhoughthetranslatortriestoadaptthem,thetranslationsstilldon’tfullyconveytheculturalmeanings.Also,whentranslatinglongsentences,thetranslationsometimeslackssmoothlogic,makingitseemstifforunclear.Inaddition,thetranslatorspendstoomuchtimeoncertaindetails,whichslowsdowntheoverallprogress.Overall,thestructureofthetranslationreportisclear,andthewritingflowswell,mostlymeetingtherequirementsofatranslationreport.However,therearestillsomemistakes,andthetranslatorneedstokeepimprovingtheirabilitytotranslatefeaturenewsarticlesbyreflectingandstudyingmore.2.3.2PeerProofreadingTheRollerCoasterKing:TheManBehindtheUK’sFastestThrill-RidewaswrittenbyTomLamontasanewsfeaturetext.Whentranslatingthisarticle,thetranslatorshouldpayattentiontothetranslationofwordswithculturalconnotationsinthetext,suchastherollercoastercultureofdifferentcountries,mythologicalelements(suchastheoriginofthename“Hyperia”),andvariousculturalimagery(suchascomparingtherollercoasterexperiencetoamusical,etc.).Aftercombiningtheculturalcharacteristicsofthesourcelanguage,thetranslatorshouldcommunicatewiththestudentsinthetranslationgroupafterthetranslation,carryforwardthegoodaspectsofthetranslation,andcriticizeandcorrectthedefectivepartsofthetranslation.Forsomelongdifficultsentences,unabletograspthewords,thetranslatorshouldfirstdiscusswitheachotherinthegroup,ifcannotsolve,andthenseekthehelpofthetutor.2.3.3ExpertProofreadingFirstly,thisarticledemonstratesahighlevelofaccuracyintranslatingtermsrelatedtorollercoasterconstruction.Thetranslatorhasaprofoundunderstandingoftheoriginaltextandisabletograspitsmainideas.Thetranslationisalsofaithfultothecontextandrhetoricoftheoriginal.Thisaccuracygreatlyaidsthereaderinunderstandingthematerialandlargelyconveystheoriginalinformation.Secondly,thearticleisfluentandlogicallyclear.Thetranslatoremploysclearsentencestructuresandsimpleconjunctions,facilitatingthereader’scomprehensionofthetranslation.Furthermore,theuseofbasictransitionalwordsenhancesthefluencyofthetranslation.However,thisarticleisnotperfect.Firstly,thetranslationofsomeprofessionaltermsrelatedtorollercoastersisnotaccurateenough,whichmaymakeitdifficultforreaderstounderstandcertainpartsoftherollercoaster.Itisrecommendedthatthetranslatorbemorecarefulwhentranslatingprofessionalterms,thoroughlycheckaftertranslation,andpreferablyconsultmorematerialsbeforetranslating.Inaddition,therearesomebasicerrorsinthearticle,suchasgrammaticalandspellingmistakes.Theseneedtobecorrectedduringthelaterproofreadingstagetoenhancetheprofessionalismofthetranslation.Overall,thistranslationreporthasacertainqualityandvalue,andbasicallymeetsthebasicrequirementsofthetranslationreport.However,itwouldbebetteriftherewereimprovementsintranslatingculturalmeanings,followingformattingstandards,andusingtranslationtechniques.3.TheoreticalFrameworkThischaptersystematicallyintroducetheorigin,development,andcontroversiesofNida’sFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.3.1OriginoftheFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryIntranslationpractice,theauthorfollowsNida’stheoryoffunctionalequivalence.EugeneAlbertNidaisafamousAmericanlinguist,translator,andtranslationtheorist.Hecontributedalottolinguisticsandtranslationstudies.Histheorieshadabiginfluenceontranslationpracticeandresearch.Nidacameupwiththetheoryoffunctionalequivalencewhenstudyingcross-linguisticandcross-culturalcommunication.Themaingoalofthistheoryistoreducedifferencesbetweenthesourceandtargetlanguages,consideringthenaturalcharacteristicsoftranslation.Withinthisframework,translationequivalenceisaconceptwithmultipledimensions.Specifically,itincludesseveralkeyaspects:lexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,semanticequivalence,andpragmaticequivalence.Eachoftheseelementsisessentialforensuringthatthetranslatedtextaccuratelyconveystheoriginalmeaningandcontext.Byaddressingthesedimensions,translatorscanbetterbridgelinguisticandculturalgaps,makingthetranslatedworkbothfaithfulandeffectiveforthetargetaudience.In1964,Nidapresentedtwoconcepts:“formalequivalence”and“dynamicequivalence”.“Formalequivalence”meansmatchingthesurfaceelementsoflanguage,suchaswordsandsentencestructure.“Dynamicequivalence”meansmatchingthedeepermeaningsofthemessage.Duetothedifferencesbetweencultureandlanguageitself,formalequivalenceisseldomusedintranslationpractice,whiledynamicequivalenceshouldbeemphasizedintranslation,withinformationcontentasthemainfactorandlanguageformasthesecondaryone(Jiang,2020).Nidafirstmentioned“dynamicequivalence”inhisbookT