2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题1　阅读理解　类型1　题型破解　第3讲　主旨大意题

第3讲主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。考点1标题归纳题●辨明题类标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”．最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。●技法点拨1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。●真题体验(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn'thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow，”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating，”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants，”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou'reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don'tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew！)doesn'tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone，”Detrinidadsays.31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TimetoReplaceHouseplants B．PlantsBoostYourMoodC．TipsonChoosingHouseplants D．PlantsBrightenYourHome【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨：文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。“PlantsBoostYourMood”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。考点2文章大意题●辨明题类文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括、归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。设问形式常有：(1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(2)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.●技法点拨1．定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句。(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,inshort,conclude,conclusion,thus等词。2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。●真题体验(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF'smajorstrengths. B．BMF'sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF'sglobalinfluence. D．BMF'stechnicalstandards.【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，确定段落主题句；第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断：根据第一段“Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.‘Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，’saidaBMFemployee.”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。考点3段落大意题●辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?(2)WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?(3)Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?●技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。●真题体验(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood？Minedoes.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreofwhatwe'realreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadifferentway:Itchangeditsmenutoexclusively(专门)offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage'sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver'svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%issimplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtooktheconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.34．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Whytheingredientswereused. B．Whichdisheswerebestliked.C．Whatthedishesweremadeof. D．Wheretheingredientswerebought.【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：paragraph5，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第五段；第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.(值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴。)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。A(2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)Recently,Africanportsareexpectedtowelcomeauniqueborder-patrol(巡逻)“team”—GiantAfricanPouchedRatswearingsmallredvests.Relyingontheirremarkablesenseofsmell,theyareabouttoplayacrucialroleinthefightagainstillegalwildlifetrade.InregionssuchasWestAfrica,therichwildliferesourcesattractenormoustourists.However,poaching(偷猎)andsmuggling(偷运)activitiesarepushingsomespeciestothedangerofextinction.Poachers,drivenbyhugeprofits,eithercaptureanimalsfortheillegalpettradeorcruellykillelephants,rhinos,etc.toobtainivoryandrhinohorns.Thesepreciousitemsarethensmuggledtoothercountriesforsale,severelydisturbinglocalbiodiversity.IsabelleSzott,abehavioralecologist,previouslycooperatedwiththeorganizationAPOPOinTanzania,whichhassuccessfullytrainedtheseratsforvarioustasksbefore,likedetectingdangerousweaponsandsomeinfectiousdiseases.Giventheirexcellentolfactory(嗅觉)ability,APOPObelievestheratsalsohavegreatpotentialinportpreventionandcontrol.Szott'steamcarefullyselectedandtrained11rats.Inaspecially-madetrainingboxinthelaboratory,researchersplaceddifferentsmellsamplestoteachtheratstoidentifythesmellsofpoachedanimals.Eachtimearataccuratelydetectedthetargetsmellandsignaled,itreceiveddeliciousfoodasareward.Aftertraining,theseratscannotonlyrecognizethesmellsofelephanttusks,rhinohornsandAfricanblackwood,butalsopreciselydistinguishthemfrom146othersmells.Labtrainingisjustthefirststep.Someratsthenunderwentfielddrillsinsimulatedwarehousesandrealports.Whentheseratsgettoooldtowork,theywill“retire”honorablyandenjoytheirremainingyearssurroundedbyfruits,vegetables,anddriedfish.TheinvolvementofGiantAfricanPouchedRatsisexpectedtobringnewhopetotacklingwildlifepoachingandsmuggling.1．Whyaretheseratsagoodchoiceforborder-patrol?A．Theyareoutofextinction. B．Theyaresensitivetothesmell.C．Theycanmaintainlocalbiodiversity. D．Theycandistractpoachers'attention.2．WhattaskshavetheAfricanPouchedRatsbeentrainedforbefore?A．Detectingthreateningarms. B．Controllingwildlifeproducts.C．ProtectingtouristsinWestAfrica. D．Identifyingdifferentkindsoffruits.3．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthe11ratsinthelaboratory?A．Theysatisfytherats'appetiteasbonus. B．Theytaughttheratstofitintherealfields.C．Theylettheratsplaywithdifferentsamples. D．Theyledtheratstotrackthepoachers'smells.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．NewHopeBroughtbyAPOPOfortheRatsinRedVests B．MeasuresTakentoPreventPoachingandSmugglingC．TheRemarkableLifeofGiantAfricanPouchedRats D．ANewForceinFightingWildlifeSmuggling【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲各港口将迎来一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——巨型老鼠。1．B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Relyingontheirremarkablesenseofsmell,theyareabouttoplayacrucialroleinthefightagainstillegalwildlifetrade.”可知，巨型老鼠凭借其敏锐的嗅觉成为边境巡逻的好选择。2．A细节理解题。根据第三段中“IsabelleSzott,abehavioralecologist,previouslycooperatedwiththeorganizationAPOPOinTanzania,whichhassuccessfullytrainedtheseratsforvarioustasksbefore,likedetectingdangerousweaponsandsomeinfectiousdiseases.”可知，这些老鼠以前进行过危险武器和传染病的探测。3．A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Szott'steamcarefullyselectedandtrained11rats.Inaspecially-madetrainingboxinthelaboratory,researchersplaceddifferentsmellsamplestoteachtheratstoidentifythesmellsofpoachedanimals.Eachtimearataccuratelydetectedthetargetsmellandsignaled,itreceiveddeliciousfoodasareward.”可知，只要识别出正确的味道，就会得到食物的奖励。4．D标题归纳题。根据第一段“Recently,Africanportsareexpectedtowelcomeauniqueborder-patrol(巡逻)‘team’—GiantAfricanPouchedRatswearingsmallredvests.Relyingontheirremarkablesenseofsmell,theyareabouttoplayacrucialroleinthefightagainstillegalwildlifetrade.”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲运用了巨型老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。D项“打击野生动物走私的新力量”符合主题。B(2025·河北省沧州市高三二模)“IwaswonderingifPatrickwouldsingThePowerofLoveduringtheserviceonThanks-givingDay，”thecommunityyouthdirectoraskedinamessageleftonouransweringmachine.MywifeCatherineandIstruggledtocontainourexcitementaboutourfive-year-oldson'sfirstsolo(独唱)．Catherinecarefullyexplainedthepossibility,remindingPatrickhowbeautifullyhesang,tellinghimhowmuchfunitwouldbe.Patrickhimselfseemedlessconvinced.“Youknow,Mom，”hesaid,“sometimeswhenIhavetodosomethingimportant,Igetkindofscared.”Grown-upsfeelthatway,too,wetoldhim,butthedecisionwaslefttohim.Hetookonlyafewminutes.“Okay，”Patricksaid.“I'lldoit.”Fromthetimehewasababy,Patrickhasenjoyedanunusualpassionformusic.Byagefour,hecouldpoundoutseveralbarsofWagner'sRideoftheValkyriesonthepiano.Still,Icouldhardlyimaginemyself,atagefive,singingintoamicrophonebeforehundredsofpeople.WhenThanks-givingDayarrived,myexpectationswerelimited.Catherine,ourdaughterMelanieandIsatindarknessasaspotlightfoundmyson,standingaloneatthemicrophone.Hewasdressedinwhite,withapairofangelwings.Slowly,confidently,Patrickhiteverynote.Ashisvoicewashedoverthepeople,heseemedatrueangel.Therewaseternity(永恒)inPatrick'svoicethatnight,abeautyrichenoughtobringheavytearstomyeyes.Hissongwassoonover,andatmyside,CatherinebrushedawaytearsandMelaniesobbed,too.Outside,Ireceivedcongratulationsfromfellowcommunitymembers.Ifoundmysonwholookedatmewithcuriosity.“You'recrying？Why,Dad？”“Ihavetocry,fornothingelsebutyoursinging.”Patricksmiledproudlyandflewintomyarms.“Idon'tunderstand，”mysonsaidintomyshoulder,“Butmaybeyoudohaveyourreasontocry.”5．Whatdidthecommunityyouthdirectorintendtodointhemessage?A．InvitePatricktoperform. B．AdmirePatrick'ssingingskills.C．Enquireaboutasingingevent. D．DeclinePatrick'sparticipation.6．HowdidPatrickreacttothenewsinitially?A．Hewasover-excited. B．Hewaslessconfident.C．Heshowednointerest. D．Herejectedtheofferdirectly.7．Whatdoesthefathermeanatlast?A．Everycloudhasasilverlining. B．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Truebeautyliesinovercomingone'sfears.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AcelebrationforThanks-givingDay. B．Afamily'sselflessserviceatthecommunity.C．Ayoungboy'sextraordinarytalentformusic. D．Afather'sexperienceofhisson'sperformance.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。社区青年主任邀5岁帕特里克感恩节独唱，他起初害怕，最终自信演出，父亲感动见证。5．A细节理解题。根据第一段“‘IwaswonderingifPatrickwouldsingThePowerofLoveduringtheserviceonThanks-givingDay，’thecommunityyouthdirectoraskedinamessageleftonouransweringmachine.”可知，社区青年主任在留言中是想邀请帕特里克去表演。6．B细节理解题。根据第二段中“Patrickhimselfseemedlessconvinced.‘Youknow,Mom，’hesaid,‘sometimeswhenIhavetodosomethingimportant,Igetkindofscared.’”可知，帕特里克最初对这个消息的反应是不太自信。7．D推理判断题。根据前文可知，帕特里克一开始害怕在众人面前唱歌，但最后在感恩节仪式上自信地完成了独唱，表现非常出色。父亲最后说“Ihavetocry,fornothingelsebutyoursinging.”并结合帕特里克克服恐惧完成演唱的过程，父亲的意思是真正的美在于克服自己的恐惧。8．D文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者的儿子帕特里克接到在感恩节仪式上独唱的邀请，从一开始的害怕到最后自信地完成演唱，作者见证了这一过程以及自己的感受，所以文章主要是关于一位父亲见证儿子表演的经历。C(2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模)Turningusedcookingoilintopleasantsmellingsoapmightsoundlikemagic.Butthat'swhatJanettiFrancischihasbeendoingsince2020.Dispensingthesoapinhercommunity,Francischihasnotonlymaderesidentsinherneighbourhoodusethevaluableproductsbutalsocontributedtotheenvironmentbyrepurposingacommonwasteitem.Inspiredbyhermother,whowasadruggist,Francischipursuedabachelor'sdegreeinbiomedicalsciencesandamaster'sdegreeinpharmacology(药理学)attheUniversityofSaoPaulo.ShealsoearnedaPhDthere.After32yearsasaprofessorattheFederalUniversityofMinasGerais,whereshetaughtmorethan5,000students,Francischiretiredin2017.Seeingthemessofusedoilinthekitchenandheavywastefromcommunityoilpollution,Francischifeltanurgetohelphercommunitytochangethesituation.Basedonwhatshehadlearnt,Francischistartedproducingbarsofsoapfromusedcookingoil.Francischitriedthesoap-makingprocessatherhome.Thefirststepwastoextracttheoilwithaclothtoremoveanyresidues(残渣)．Afterthat,sheheatedwatertonearboilingpointandaddedsodiumhydroxide(氢氧化钠),mixingitverywelluntiltheydissolved.Then,sheaddedthecookingoil.Thisisthemostchallengingpartbecausethemixturemustbestirredwithastickfor40minutes.Toincreasefoamingandfragrance,shealsoaddedsomewashingpowder.Thenshepoureditintoaplasticcontainer,andcutithourslater.Francischicollectedcookingoilfirstfromherfamily,friendsandneighborsandlaterfromsmallbusinesses,suchasstreetfoodsellers.Shedistributedthesoapinthecommunity.Peoplecame,broughttheirbottlesofoilandreturnedlaterfortheirsoap.Shealsopartneredwiththenon-governmentalorganizationSeuVizinhoinapoorneighborhoodwhereevenbasicitemscanbeconsideredaluxury.Shedesignedfourworkshopsessionslastsummertoteachmorepeople,wheretheparticipantswereprovidedwithallthematerials.Francischididthisworkasavolunteer.Shehopestocontinuewiththisprojectfortherestofherlife.9．Whatdoestheword“dispensing”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Givingout. B．Takingin.C．Puttingaway. D．Usingup.10．WhatinspiredFrancischitomakesoapathome?A．Hermother'sinfluence. B．Heracademicbackground.C．Herwishfornewcareer. D．Herconcernforpollution.11．Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theinspirationofrecycling. B．Theprocessofmakingsoaps.C．Thewayofcollectingoil. D．Theplanofhelpingpeople.12．WhatmayFrancischidointhefuture?A．Doherdesignwork. B．Developnewproducts.C．Sharewaystomakesoap. D．Teachbacktouniversity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JanettiFrancischi如何通过将废油转化为肥皂来帮助社区减少污染，并将其推广给更多的人。9．A词句猜测题。根据画线词后面“Francischihasnotonlymaderesidentsinherneighbourhoodusethevaluableproductsbutalsocontributedtotheenvironmentbyrepurposingacommonwasteitem”可知，Francischi让社区居民使用这些有价值的产品，由此猜测她在社区分发自己做出来的产品。10．D细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seeingthemessofusedoilinthekitchenandheavywastefromcommunityoilpollution,Francischifeltanurgetohelphercommunitytochangethesituation.”可知，Francischi看到厨房用过的油造成的混乱以及社区油污染产生的大量垃圾，想要帮助社区改变这种状况，所以是对污染的担忧促使她在家制作肥皂。11．B段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“Francischitriedthesoap-makingprocessatherhome.Thefirststepwastoextracttheoilwithaclothtoremoveanyresidues(残渣)...Thenshepoureditintoaplasticcontainer,andcutithourslater.”可知，这段主要讲的是制作肥皂的过程。12．C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Shedesignedfourworkshopsessionslastsummertoteachmorepeople,wheretheparticipantswereprovidedwithallthematerials.Francischididthisworkasavolunteer.Shehopestocontinuewiththisprojectfortherestofherlife.”可知，她去年夏天举办工作坊教更多人制作肥皂，并希望余生继续这个项目。由此推知，未来她可能会继续分享制作肥皂的方法。D(2025·河南省创新发展联盟高三三模)Atiny,soft,andflexiblerobotthatcancrawlthroughearthquakeruinstofindtrappedvictimsortravelinsidethehumanbodytodelivermedicinemayseemlikesciencefiction,butaninternationalteamledbyresearchersatthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity(PennState)arepioneeringsuchadaptablerobotsbyintegratingflexibleelectronicswithmagnetically(有磁力地)controlledmotion.Softrobotics,unliketraditionalrigidrobots,aremadefromflexiblematerialsthatcopythemovementoflivingorganisms.Thisflexibilitymakesthemidealfornavigatingtightspaces,suchasdebrisinadisasterzoneorthecomplicatedpathwaysofthehumanbody.However,integratingsensorsandelectronicsintotheseflexiblesystemshasposedasignificantchallenge,accordingtoHuanyuCheng,Jr.MemorialAssociateProfessorofEngineeringScienceandMechanicsatPennState.“Eventhoughwedesignedtheelectronicstobeflexible,theirrigidityisstillhundredstothousandsoftimesgreaterthanthesoftroboticmaterial，”Chengsaid.“Toovercomethis,wedistributedtheelectronicsacrossthestructure,reducingtheirimpactonmovement.”Anotherchallengewasblockingunwantedelectricalinterference(电子干扰),whichcandisrupthowanelectronicdeviceorsystemworks.Thisinterferencecomesfromoutsidesources,likeotherelectronicsorwirelesssignals.Suchinterferencewouldpreventmovementandaffectsensorperformance.Magneticfieldsarecrucialforcontrollingmotion,buttheycanalsodisruptelectronicsignals.Researchershadtocarefullydesigntheelectroniclayouttominimizetheseinteractions,ensuringthatthes