2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第3部分　语言运用精准篇　专题2　语法填空　考法1　有提示词类　第1讲　提示词为动词

考法一有提示词类第1讲提示词为动词动词的时态、语态和主谓一致●辨明题类若分句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。●技法点拨技法1分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定时态：1．句中有标志性的时间状语时，应根据时间状语考虑用相应的时态。①看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。②看到yesterday,then,lastyear,in＋过去的时间点，theotherday,...daysago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到通常用一般过去时。③看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。④看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。⑤看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelast/past...years,sofar,eversince...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。⑥看到bythen,by＋过去的时间点等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。(2025·重庆市高三一模)Sincethen,pizza(take)theworldbystorm.【答案】hastaken【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Sincethen”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，且主语pizza是单数，助动词应用has。2．提示词与句中的另一个谓语动词存在并列关系，可以考虑时态一致。①可根据并列连词and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。②同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态和语态要保持一致。(2025·重庆市高三一模)Afterreceivingit,SuShiinstructedhisfamilytocutthemeatintocubes,burnedredandcrisp,andthen(distribute)ittothemigrantworkersparticipatinginthedredgingoftheWestLaketoeat.【答案】distributed【解析】考查时态。空处作句子的谓语，根据“instructed”或“burned”可知，时态为一般过去时。3．句中没有标志性的时间状语，考虑根据语境确定相应时态。(2025·吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州高三一模)Eatingtangyuan(symbolize)theunityofthefamilyandanticipatesahappylife.【答案】symbolizes【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为eatingtangyuan，单数，和动词symbolize之间为主动关系。4．分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且该句是固定句式时，考虑用相应的时态。平时要积累并熟记以下常用句式：①sb.was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...②sb.had(just)donesth.whensb.did...③This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时⑤It's(high)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.(2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)Kale,excitedtobepartoftheGala,saiditwasthefirsttimethathe(celebrate)ChineseNewYearinChinaandthatitwashisanimalyearashewasbornin1989.【答案】hadcelebrated【解析】考查时态。itwasthefirsttimethat是固定句型，that从句中用过去完成时，因此空格处是hadcelebrated。技法2分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定语态：1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系时，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。(2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)Thegamehasaminimallearningcurveandcan(pick)upinasinglesession.【答案】bepicked【解析】考查语态。动词pick与主语Thegame构成被动关系，所以用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词原形。2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。(2025·广东省湛江市高三一模)TheCentralAxis(date)backtotheYuanDynasty,whileitslengthwasextendedintheMingandQingdynasties.【答案】dates【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为TheCentralAxis，谓语用第三人称单数形式。技法3分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定主谓一致：1．考虑语法一致原则确定主谓一致。①由分数、百分数或者some,apartof等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语后有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。(2025·福建省厦门市高三一模)Thisfamousattraction,Yuzui,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,namely,FeishayanandBaopingkou,(design)scientificallytocontrolthewaterflowthroughouttheyear.【答案】wasdesigned【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事，与主语为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是Thisfamousattraction,Yuzui,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,namely,FeishayanandBaopingkou，谓语动词应与Thisfamousattraction保持一致。2．考虑就近一致原则确定主谓一致①主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。②there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。(2025·四川省达州市高三二模)“InDerungdialect,theexpression‘nazenaze’or‘nohurry’(use)tocomfortbothoneselfandothersduringtasksthatrequiretimeandcare,likeweaving，”saysLiu.【答案】isused【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，expression与use之间是被动关系。3．考虑意义一致原则确定主谓一致①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。②集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。③由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。④非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。(2025·湘豫名校联考高三二模)Respectingteachersandvaluingeducation(be)traditionsoftheChinesenation.【答案】are【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Respectingteachersandvaluingeducation是两个动名词短语作主语，是复数，谓语用复数形式。●真题体验1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Theconcept(be)certainlynotnew—menhavebeenrentinggoodsuitsfordecades—butforfemaleshoppers,itisjusttakingoff.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。本句系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Theconcept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“Theplayers'personalities(reveal)duringthegame,andone'sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent，”sheadds.【答案】arerevealed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语Theplayers'personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。3．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Adecentwinneralways(try)tobeattheopponentbynomorethanoneortwopointsasagesture(姿态)ofrespectfortheotherside.【答案】tries【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语adecentwinner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try的第三人称单数。4．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes(be)oneofthem.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes为第三人称单数。5．(2025·北京卷)Bythetimeyoubrushedyourteeth,you(make)severaldecisionsevenwithoutnoticing.【答案】hadmade【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“Bythetimeyoubrushedyourteeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时。6．(2025·北京卷)Usually,betteroutcomes(achieve)throughathoroughunderstandingofstrategieslikerisktolerance.【答案】areachieved【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语betteroutcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语betteroutcomes是复数，be动词应用are。7．(2025·北京卷)However,accordingtoareportbytheWorldWildlifeFund,tourists(leave)over1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,whichaccountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.【答案】left【解析】考查时态。根据“lastyear”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。8．(2024·浙江1月卷)However,thoughit'snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes(offer)insmallerpacks.【答案】beoffered【解析】考查语态。动词offer和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。9．(2024·浙江1月卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesigned(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份)．【答案】havestarted【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据“Overthelasttwoyears”可知，此处应用现在完成时。10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.【答案】walks【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。walksb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语theSilkRouteGarden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。11．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout(be)alsoShakespeare'sconcerns.【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为someofthethings，复数。12．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspired(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes'walkfromShakespeare'sbirthplace.【答案】wasbuilt【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语Twoyearslater可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为asix-meter-tallpavilion，单数，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。13．(2024·全国甲卷)They(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文hadspent可知，时态为一般过去时。14．(2024·全国甲卷)Whatshould(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?【答案】bedone【解析】考查语态。主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，前面有情态动词should。15．(2023·浙江1月卷)Citizensofhighersocialclasses(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.【答案】werepermitted【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizensofhighersocialclasses构成被动关系，对过去事实的陈述，应用一般过去时。16．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子)．【答案】featured【解析】考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。17．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Asalittlegirl,I(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.【答案】wished【解析】考查时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知应用一般过去时。18．(2023·全国乙卷)Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.【答案】wasamazed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing”可知，用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。19．(2023·全国乙卷)Theremarkable(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为development，单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。20．(2023·全国甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.【答案】beemployed【解析】考查语态。从句主语“asimplelyricform”与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。非谓语动词●辨明题类所给提示词是动词时，若分句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，则要考虑非谓语动词。此时需要确定非谓语动词的形式以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系，也可以借助固定结构进行解题。●技法点拨技法1提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据句法功能确定非谓语动词的形式：1．提示词在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结果或者形容词后作状语时，应考虑用不定式。(2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)Thiswasbestseeninthetwolongest-servingcapitalsofLuoyangandChang'an,whichwerelaidoutwithwideavenues(林荫道)andsmallerstreetscrossingeachotherat90-degreeangles(create)acarpetofpreciseshapeofsquares.【答案】tocreate【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。2．提示词在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料之中的结果、方式等状语时，应考虑用现在分词或过去分词。(2025·河南省安阳市高三一模)YouhadbetternotvisitMountWudangduringthehotandhumidsummermonthsasthetemperaturescanbeveryhigh,(make)outdooractivitieschallenging.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处make是非谓语动词，空后内容是前句“thetemperaturescanbeveryhigh”造成的自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。3．提示词在句中作主语或宾语时，要考虑用动名词或不定式。(2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模)Chengduisjustasbusyasanycitystruggling(become)aswealthyasitcanbe.【答案】tobecome【解析】考查非谓语动词。struggletodosth.意为“努力做某事”，用不定式作宾语。技法2提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式：1．提示词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的主动形式。(2025·安徽省滁州市高三一模)OntheOlympicstage,theseyoungpeopleupholdtheproudtraditionsofChinesesportswhileshowcasinganewimageofaconfidentandopenChina,(demonstrate)thedeepintegrationofChinesevalueswiththeOlympicspirit—it'snotjustaboutbeingfaster,higher,stronger,butaboutembracingsportswithapositiveattitudeaswell.【答案】demonstrating【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语theseyoungpeople与动词demonstrate之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作伴随状语。2．提示词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的被动形式。(2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模)AsasignaturepartofChineseculture,theSpringFestival,alsocalledChineseNewYear,isoneofthemostimportantfestivals(practice)inChinaandaroundtheworld.【答案】practiced【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰festivals，festivals和practice为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。技法3提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式：1．提示词在介词之后或在只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用动名词。(2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)Theprocessinvolves(place)small,squareherbalplastersorbandagesonvariousareasofthebackandneck.【答案】placing【解析】考查非谓语动词。involvedoingsth.为固定短语，含义为“涉及做某事”，动名词作宾语。2．提示词在只接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。(2025·广东省江门市高三一模)AsaNanjingnative,Zhufeelsadeepconnectiontohertopicsandaims(express)herobservationsandthoughtsthroughhervideos.【答案】toexpress【解析】考查非谓语动词。express为动词，表示“表达”，由谓语动词“aims”可知，应用其非谓语动词形式；动词短语aimtodosth.表示“旨在做某事、指望做某事”。3．提示词在只接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。(2025·安徽省“江南十校”联考高三一模)Thepolicynotonlybringsconvenienceforforeigntravelersbutalsoinvitesthem(experience)everydaylifeinChina.【答案】toexperience【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处作宾语补足语，invitesb.todosth.表示“邀请某人做某事”。●真题体验1．(2025·北京卷)Isometimescallhimback,worriedthathemighthavesomeone(scare)．【答案】scared【解析】考查非谓语动词。havesb.done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.【答案】todiscover【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词，chancetodosth.“做某事的机会”，本空用不定式，作定语。3．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Ifyou'veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt(leave)tosunforaday,well,you'remissingoutononeoflife'swonders.【答案】left【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语haveexperienced，此处应用非谓语动词，asheetorshirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。4．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“Wehope(present)theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext,andinitiatedialogueswithminimalistart,conceptualartandexpressionism.”【答案】topresent【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hopetodosth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。5．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya'sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomen(rent)ratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensivesolution(solve)toone-timeeventdressing.【答案】torent【解析】考查非谓语动词。“forwomen(rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashionclothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式短语作后置定语，主动表被动。6．(2025·浙江1月卷)“Ireallywanttomakethisworkforpeople's(people)livestoday,andIknowthatdoesn'talwaysmean(return)adressontheMondayafteraspecialweekend，”shesays.【答案】returning【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配meandoingsth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。7．(2024·全国甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.【答案】tocatch【解析】考查非谓语动词。tendtodosth.表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语。8．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,wasbuilt(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes'walkfromShakespeare'sbirthplace.【答案】inspired【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词asix-meter-tallpavilion和动词inspire之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。9．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternationalvisibility(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。10．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichardⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang'splaywasbeingperformed.”【答案】Recalling【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。11．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Thelatest(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.【答案】engineering【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。engineeringtechniques意为“工程技术”。12．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.【答案】togive【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。13．(2024·浙江1月卷)However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextra(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.【答案】tobenefit【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据“buyingextra”和“frompricereductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用不定式作目的状语。14．(2024·浙江1月卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestarted(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份)．【答案】designed【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词design和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。15．(2023·浙江1月卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.【答案】surrounded【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，was是谓语动词，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，主语theForbiddenCity和surround之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。16．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.【答案】visiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应用现在分词形式作定语。17．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.【答案】tobite【解析】考查非谓语动词。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面toput并列作宾语。18．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghaimaybethe(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongbao'sbirthplace.【答案】recognized【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。19．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheir(they)contents.【答案】tobelifted【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，liftout与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动式。20．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarely(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft(want)morenexttime.【答案】wanting【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是“leavesb.＋宾语补足语”结构，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词形式。21．(2023·全国乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully(build)systemofringroads.【答案】built【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语，表示“精心建造的”，和被修饰词systemofringroads之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。22．(2023·全国乙卷)(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazed(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.【答案】Havingvisited【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语I之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“overthelast10years”可知，空处用现在分词的完成时形式。置于句首，首字母大写。23．(2023·全国乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears(record)everythingIdiscovered.【答案】recording【解析】考查非谓语动词。spendtime(in)doingsth.“花费时间做某事”。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，用动名词形式。24．(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.【答案】toteach【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词havetold，所以用非谓语动词形式。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。25．(2023·全国甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins,(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.【答案】borrowing【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语herfable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。26．(2023·全国甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage(intend)foreveryone.【答案】intended【解析】考查非谓语动词。beintendedfor...“打算为……所用”，所以用过去分词形式作定语。动词的派生●辨明题类提示词为动词时，通过分析句子成分，若不需要提示词保持动词词性则需要对提示词进行词性转换，根据所作语法功能不同分别派生为名词、形容词或副词。●技法点拨1．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当主语、宾语，多应考虑转换成名词。(2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)Itpresentedaperfect(combine)ofgracefulskating,high-speedrace,acrobatics(杂技),andtheatricaldance.【答案】combination【解析】考查名词。空处作presented的宾语，被perfect修饰，combine的名词形式combination符合题意，意为“结合”。2．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当表语、定语，多应考虑转换形容词。(2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)Traditionally,thesportwasdisplayedon(freeze)riversandlakes.【答案】frozen【解析】考查形容词。空处修饰riversandlakes作定语，freeze的形容词形式frozen符合题意，意为“冰封的，冰冻的”。3．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当状语，多应考虑转换成副词。(2025·广东省汕头市高三一模)Despiteitsname,theredpandaisnot(close)relatedtothegiantpandabutsharessimilarhabitatsandadietprimarilyconsistingofbambooleavesandshoots.【答案】closely【解析】考查副词。此处需要使用副词作状语，修饰形容词related，close的副词形式为“closely”意为“密切地”。●真题体验1．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya'sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomentorent(rent)ratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensive(solve)toone-timeeventdressing.【答案】solution【解析】考查名词。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour‘(guide)’tilltheylose，”explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.【答案】guidance【解析】考查名词。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.【答案】criticism【解析】考查名词。根据“thattheyleadtowaste”可知，此处应用名词criticism作宾语。4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Incoldweather,thestructurestays(close)toprotecttheplants.【答案】closed【解析】考查形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”。5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfident(confidence)speakingEnglish.【答案】arrival【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应用名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。6．(2023·全国甲卷)However,Carson'sthemeisamoreweighty(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.【答案】warning【解析】考查名词。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。A(2025·河南省百师联盟高三二模)ThelistofhappiestcitiesinChinain2024wasreleasedattheHappyCitiesofChinaForum2024heldinShanghaiandChangsha,1.provincialcityofHunanProvince,wasratedasoneofthehappiestcitiesinChinafor2024,2.(hold)thetitlefor17yearsinarow.Andit'seasy3.(understand)why—ithasoneofthemostexcitingnightlifeandstreetfoodscenesinChina.Aftersamplingsomeblackstinkytofuandfishhead4.(top)withduojiaoonPozijie,travelerscanheadtoHuangxingRoadWalkingstreet,5.integratesshopping,entertainment,culturaltourismandotherfunctions.Changshaisacityofboundlesspassion.WuyiSquareindowntownChangshais6.(frequent)crowdedwithtourists.Withboomingentertainmentandculturalindustries,Changshahasbecomea7.(sleep)cityknownforitswonderfulnightlife.FrombronzeinstrumentsoftheShangDynastytofascinatingarchaeologicalfindingsfromtheMawangduitombsoftheHanDynasty,Changsha8.(develop)brilliantculturepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationforsome3,000years.BuildingonHunanculture,whichstressespracticality,Changshahasdoneafantasticjobofbringingamillennia-oldlocalculture9.life,inspiringculturalinnovation.Changshapeoplehavemaintainedtheirculturewitheffortsand10.(persevere),andtodaytheyarecharacterizingmodernChangshawithambitionandbravery.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章是关于中国最幸福城市之一——长沙的介绍，涵盖了其夜生活、文化、历史以及现代发展。1．the考查冠词。此处特指长沙是湖南的省会，应该使用定冠词修饰可数名词city。2．holding考查非谓语动词。句子中已经存在谓语wasrated，所以hold需要转化为非谓语，它与逻辑主语“长沙”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作结果状语。3．tounderstand考查非谓语动词。itiseasytodosth.是固定句式，表示“做某事很容易”。不定式作主语。4．topped考查非谓语动词。top在这里作为动词，意思是“把(某物)放在……的上面”，句子中已经存在谓语canhead，所以top需要转化为非谓语动词，它与逻辑主语fishhead之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。5．which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词HuangxingRoadWalkingstreet，关系代词which在从句中作主语。6．frequently考查副词。frequent是个形容词，此处需变成副词去修饰谓语iscrowdedwith。7．sleepless考查形容词。根据句意可知，长沙有很多娱乐产业，说明它是个不夜城，需要将sleep变成形容词sleepless“不眠的”，在句中作定语。8．hasdeveloped考查时态和主谓一致。develop在句中充当谓语，结合句意与“forsome3,000years”可知，应该使用现在完成时，Changsha作主语，助动词用单数。9．to考查介词。bring...tolife是固定短语，表示“使……复活，使……焕发生机”。10．perseverance考查名词。此空与efforts并列作介词with宾语，persevere是动词，意思是“坚持”，填其名词形式perseverance，不可数。B(2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模)TheannualChampionsoftheEarthAward,theUN'shighestenvironmentalhonor,recognizespioneersmakingeffortstoprotectthepeopleandtheplanet.122recipients(接受者)oftheawardhavebeenhonoredforoutstandingandinspirationalenvironmentalleadership1.2005.ChinesescientistLuQi2.(award)thetitleof2024ChampionsoftheEarthofScienceandInnovationforhiscontributionsto3.(address)desertification(沙漠化),landdegradationanddroughtlastTuesday.LuisthechiefscientistoftheChineseAcademyofForestryaswellas4.foundingpresidentoftheInstituteofGreatGreenWall.HeisthefirstChinese5.hasbeenhonoredinthiscategory.Accordingtothereport,Luhasplayedakeyroleincarryingouttheworld'slargestafforestation(造林)project6.inestablishingexpertresearchnetworksandpartnerships.Thisawardisthehighest7.(recognize)andgreatestencouragementforChina'sforestryandgrasslandefforts,especiallyforthescientistsandtechnologists8.(devote)tosandcontrol.LusaidtheChampionsoftheEarthAwardwouldinspiremorescientistsandecologicalworkers,particularlyyoungergenerations,tocontributetheirtime9.(active)toglobalenvironmentalprotectionandtheachievementoftheUN's2030Goals.Lualsoexpressedadesiretoseemore10.(effect)andadaptabledesertificationcontroltechnologiessharedgloballythroughinitiativessuchasChina'sBeltandRoadInitiativeandtheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国最高环境荣誉“地球卫士奖”，讲述了中国科学家卢琦因在防治沙漠化等方面的贡献。1．since考查介词。根据“‘122recipients(接受者)oftheawardhavebeenhonored’”可知，句子用的是现在完成时，结合时间“2005”，描述的是从2005年持续到现在的行为，“2005”是时间起点，用介词since引导时间状语。2．wasawarded考查时态、语态和主谓一致。award(授予)是谓语动词，与主语ChinesescientistLuQi之间是被动关系，结合时间状语lastTuesday可知，讲述过去的事情用一