wipo -知识产权与电子竞技游戏概述 Intellectual Property and Esports An overview of the game

Intellectual

PropertyandEsports

Anoverviewofthegame

IntellectualPropertyandEsports:Anoverview

ofthegameisoneofseveralguidescreatedby

theWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)andwrittenbyAndyRamos(Pérez-Llorca)and

AntonioMuñoz-Torrero(Pérez-Llorca).Othertitles:

GuidelinesforEsportsPlayers

GuidelinesforEsportsTournamentOrganizers

Intellectual

PropertyandEsports

Anoverviewofthegame

VideoGamesEuropeRueduTrône108

1050Brussels,Belgium

www.videogameseurope.eu

WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization34,chemindesColombettes,P.O.Box18CH-1211Geneva20,Switzerland

ThispublicationisajointworkofVideoGamesEuropeandtheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO).

Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialthroughout

thispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofVideoGamesEuropeorWIPOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.

ThispublicationisnotintendedtoreflecttheviewsoftheMemberStatesortheSecretariatofWIPO.

ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyVideoGamesEuropeorWIPOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.

Cover:GettyImages;Unsplash;Freepik

WIPOReference:1085/26

©VideoGamesEuropeandWIPO,2026

Allrightsreserved.

Contents

1Esports:athrillingnewformofentertainment6

2Esportsandintellectualproperty7

BasicaspectsofIP7

IPandthefoundationsoftheesportssector9

3Mappingofstakeholdersintheesportssector10

Introduction10

Non-commercialstakeholders10

Commercialstakeholders11

Additionalstakeholders13

4Stakeholderbusinessmodels16

Emergingrevenuestreamsforesports16

5TutorialonIPcommercializationintheesportssector19

Identifyingyourroleintheesportssector19

AnatomyofanIPlicenseagreement19

Abouttheauthors22

1Esports:athrillingnewformofentertainment

Inthedigitalage,esportshavebecomeoneofthefastestgrowingformsofentertainment,

captivatingmillionsoffansworldwideandgeneratingnewbusinessopportunities.Thisdynamicsector,builtaroundcompetitivevideogameplay,hasgrownconsiderablyoverthepastfew

years,andwhatstartedoutasanichehobbyhastransformedintoaglobalphenomenon.Attheheartofthisburgeoningsectorareseveralkeystakeholders,eachplayingadecisiveroleinitsdevelopmentandsuccess.

Aswillbedescribedinmoredetailinthiswork,gamedevelopersandpublishersarethemain

architectsofthedigitalworldsandecosystemsinwhichesportscompetitionstakeplace.Theirtaskistocreateandmaintainthegamesthatformthefoundationsofthesector,investing

significantresourcesintodevelopingandsustainingengaginggameplayexperiences.Teams

andplayers,thestarsoftheesportsarena,bringthesegamestolifethroughtheirskill,strategy,anddedication,drawinginaudienceswiththeirperformances.Tournamentorganizers,

includingleaguesandcompetitionhosts,providethearenasfortheseplayerstoshowcasetheirtalents,orchestratingeventsthatrangefromlocalcompetitionstointernationalchampionships.

Theesportssectorisintenselydrivenbythegenerationanduseofintellectualproperty(IP)

rights.Gamepublishers,inmostcircumstances,holdcopyrightsandtrademarksthatprotecttheircreations,ensuringthattheirgamesandassociatedbrandingarelegallysafeguarded.IPrightsarethemostimportantresourcethesestakeholdershave,asitenablesthemtomaintaincontroloverthedistributionanduseoftheirgames,preventingunauthorizeduseandensuringthattheycanmonetizetheirproductseffectively.TeamsandplayersalsorelyonIPrightsto

protecttheirpersonalbrands,whichincludetheirimagerights,logosandmerchandise;thishelpsthembuildandmaintainauniqueidentityinthiscompetitivelandscape,attracting

sponsorshipandfansupport.

Buttheesportssectorstartswiththedevelopersandpublishers,followedbythetournamentorganizers,wholeverageIPrightstosecurebroadcastingdealsandsponsorships.Byobtaininglicensesfromgamepublishers,third-partytournamentorganizerscanlegallyhostand

streamcompetitionslateron,creatingcontentthatisbothengagingandmarketable.The

interplayofthesestakeholdersandtheirrelianceonIPrightsunderscoresthecomplexity

andsophisticationoftheesportssector.Asthesectorcontinuestogrow,theimportanceofstrategicalIPprotectionbecomesincreasinglymanifest.Thisensuresthatproducers,contentcreators,publishers,playersandtournamentorganizerscanbenefitfromtheircontributionsandinvestments.

Inthispublication,thereaderwillfindstraightforwardinformation,resourcesandtipsonhowtoleverageIPtobuildasuccessfulesportsproject,regardlessofitsscope.ByunderstandingthecriticalroleofIPrightsandhowtoeffectivelymanagethem,stakeholderscannavigatethecomplexitiesoftheesportssector,protecttheircontentandcreations,andcapitalizeonthe

opportunitiesthisenergeticsectoroffers.

2Esportsand

intellectualproperty

BasicaspectsofIP

IPencompassesarangeoflegalprotectionsdesignedtosafeguardthecreationsand

innovationsofindividualsandorganizations.ThemostprominentformsofIPinclude

copyrights,trademarks,patents,tradesecretsandindustrialdesigns.Thesegrantprotectiontorightsholders,meaninganaturalorlegalpersonholdingtheIPrightstoawork,whether

theauthor,publisher,orsomepersonorotherlegalentitytowhichtherightshavebeentransferred.

Aswillbedescribedinmoredetailbelow,copyrightsprotectoriginalworksofauthorship,suchasliterary,musicalandartisticcreations,includingvideogames,softwareandmultimedia

content.Trademarks,ontheotherhand,safeguarddistinctivesigns,symbols,logosandnamesthatidentifyanddistinguishthegoodsorservicesofoneentityfromthoseofothers,playingakeyroleinbrandrecognitionandconsumertrust.Patentsprovideexclusiverightstoinventorsfortheirnovelandusefulinventions,whichspanawidearrayoftechnologicaladvancementsandprocesses.Tradesecretsprotectconfidentialbusinessinformationthatprovidesa

competitiveedge(i.e.formulas,practices,designs,andmethods).Lastly,industrialdesigns

protecttheaestheticaspectsofproducts,forinstance,theirshape,configuration,patternandornamentation,guaranteeingthelegalrecognitionandprotectionofaproduct'svisualappeal.

Inthischapter,wewilltakeacloserlookateachoftheseformsofIPandexploretheirspecificapplicationsandimportanceintheesportssector.Inmanycases,intangibleelementsin

thissectorcanbeprotectedbyseveralformsofIP.Forexample,anesportsteam'slogocanbeprotectedasatrademarkandcopyright;oracompetition'smerchandise,whichcanbeprotectedasanindustrialdesign,trademarkandpatent,dependingonthecircumstances.

ThiscomplementarityofIPrightsprovidesesportsstakeholderswithaninvaluableresourcetoprotecttheirtalentandinvestmentfrommisusebythirdparties.

Ataglance,thefollowingtabledescribesthemaincategoriesofIPrelevantfortheesportssector:

ProtectedcontentProtectionanddurationReal-lifeexamples

protectioninesports.Itsafeguards

CopyrightCopyrightisakeyformofIP

includingbutnotlimitedto

provideadditionalbenefitsin

originalworksofauthorship,

gameassets,gameplays,andthe

graphics,music,storylines,in-

gameengine.

typicallyholdthecopyrighttothese

Gamedevelopersorpublishers

rightstoreproduce,distribute,

elements,grantingthemexclusive

subject-matter.

display,performandmake

availabletheircreations,aswellas

Ingeneral,itlastsfromthelife

hisorherdeath,and50years

audiovisualorsoundrecordings.

andthesubjectmatterprotected

afterpublicationinthecaseof

oftheauthorplus50yearsafter

toauthorizeothertodoso.

Inmostcountries,formal

obtainIPrights.However,itmay

registrationisnotrequiredto

termsoflocallaw(e.g.,itmay

facilitatetheresolutionofIP-

relateddisputes).

Inthisregard,thespecificlawsof

eachjurisdictionmayprovidefor

ofcopyrightableworksorother

certaincategoriesorclassifications

variesdependingontheterritory

.

Inaddition,thetermofprotection

Gameengines,scripts,

astheyareknowninthis

characters,recordingsor,

sector,gameplays.

ExamplesofgameenginesincludeUnity,Unreal

EngineorCryEngine.

ExamplesofcharactersincludeJonesyandPeely,fromFornite.

ProtectedcontentProtectionanddurationReal-lifeexamples

IntellectualPropertyandEsports:Anoverviewofthegame

8

Trademarks

Thesemarkshelpdistinguish

thegoodsandservicesofone

entityfromanother,prevent

unauthorizeduseandsecurebrand

names,logos,andotherdistinctive

features.

Trademarksprovidelegal

protectiontodistinctivesigns,

publishers,teams,andevents

logos,andnamesusedbygame

.

integrity.

gameelements,suchascharacter

Trademarkscanalsoprotectin-

publicauthorities,whichmayvary

fromonejurisdictiontoanother

.

Inaddition,theprotectionof

trademarksisterritorial,meaning

thatseveralregistrationsmay

berequiredtoensurecomplete

protectioninthedifferentmarkets

wherethevideogameisoperated.

Atrademarkgenerallylastsfor

10yearsandcanberenewed

indefinitely,makingitsprotection

almostperpetualaslongas

therightsholdercomplieswith

itsobligations.

Formostofthesituations,the

theirregistrationbeforespecific

protectionoftrademarksrequires

figures,boardgames,toys,

clothing,footwear,etc.

"CallofDuty"(ownedby

ancillaryproductssuchas

figuresorapparel.

MarioBros.saga)maybe

registeredasatrademark.

Thetitlesofthevideo

games,usedasa

games,backpacks,action

tradenameforcomputer

Forexample,thetitle

ActivisionPublishing,

Inc.)maybeusedasa

videogames,butalso

trademarktoidentify

Theimageor

representationof

charactersofvideogames.

depictingMario(fromthe

Forexample,certainlogos

Patents

solutionsusedinthedevelopment

andoperationofgames.Thismay

comprisesoftwarealgorithms

(underspecificcircumstancesand

insometerritories),hardware

devices,andotherinnovationsthat

enhancethegameplayexperience

.

Patentsprovidedeveloperswith

exclusiverightstotheirinnovative

gameplayelementsduetothe

factthat,insomecases,andin

certainjurisdictions,uniquegame

mechanicsandfeaturesmay

bepatentable.

Patentsareanothercriticalformof

newandinventivetechnological

IPprotectioninesports.Theycover

needtoberegisteredbefore

specificpublicauthoritiesinorder

tobeprotected.However,asit

theprotectionofpatentsis

territorial,soseveralregistrations

mayberequiredtoensurefull

protectioninthevariousmarkets

Formostofthesituations,patents

happenswithalmosteveryform

ofIPprotection,thisrequirement

another.Besides,liketrademarks,

mayvaryfromonecountryto

wherethevideogameisavailable.

Thegrantingofpatentstypically

lastsfor20years,afterwhich

theyenterthepublicdomain,

meaningthatanyonecanusethem

withoutrestriction.

Inventionsrelated

consoles,suchasvirtual

realityorenhanced

togamecontrolsor

realitytechnologies.

Industrialdesign

examplesoftheaesthetical

featuresofaproductaretheshape,

configuration,pattern,orcolorof

anarticle.Industrialdesignrights

protectthesevisualelements,so

theuniqueappearanceofaproduct

cannotbecopiedorimitatedby

arenumerousprotecteddesigns

relatedtovideogames,including

characters,gamecontrollers

andaccessories.

Industrialdesign,unlikepatents,

focusesontheaestheticand

whetherphysicalordigital.Some

ornamentalfeaturesofaproduct,

competitors.

administeredbyWIPO,there

AttheGlobalDesignDatabase,

uponfilinganapplicationwiththe

relevantintellectualpropertyoffice

andneedadetaileddescription

ofthedesign'svisualaspects.The

protectionisenforcedoncethe

industrialdesignisregistered,

andfromthatpointitprevents

othersfrommaking,using,or

sellingarticlesthatreplicatethe

designwithoutpermissionofthe

rightsholder.

grantedfor5years,with

Industrialdesignsaregenerally

subsequentvoluntaryextensions

upto25years.

ThisIPrightisnotpresentin

regulateitgrantindustrialdesigns

everycountry,andthosethatdo

skinsandappareldesign.

Externalappearance

peripherals,character

ofgameconsolesand

Tradesecrets

processes,andstrategicplansthat

arenotpubliclyavailable.

Teamsandplayerswouldalsorely

ontradesecretstoprotecttheir

strategiesandtrainingmethods,

ensuringtheconfidentialityoftheir

competitiveadvantage.

Tradesecretsprotectconfidential

businessortechnicalinformation

thatgivesitsowneracompetitive

advantage.Inesports,trade

algorithms,development

secretscouldbeproprietary

oftradesecretsdependsonthe

confidentialitymeasuresadopted

bythesecretholder.Inorderto

tolimitaccesstosensitive

groundsforprotection.

Inmostcountries,theprotection

protecttradesecrets,theholder

mustimplementconfidentiality

measuressuchasnon-disclosure

policiesandtechnicalmeasures

agreements(NDAs),internal

information.Theuseofphysical

anddigitalsecuritymeasures,like

mayalsoprovidewithadditional

encryptionandsecurestorage,

Tradesecretshaveanindefinitelifeaslongastheownercanmaintaintheinformationundisclosed.

Byitsverynature,the

mereexistenceofa

tradesecretisunknown.

However,itisreasonable

tosaythattournament

keyinformationofagiven

competitionorteamskeep

organizersprotectcertain

secretthestrategiesthey

willfollowtowintheir

matchesinordertoobtain

thefinalprize.

Famousvideogame

Dependingonthejurisdiction,

Image/

publicity

rights

particularlyrelevantinesports,

players,eitherbecauseof

Image/publicityrightsare

individualshavemoreorless

theirin-gameperformance

whereplayersoftenhave

significantfanfollowingsand

rightstocontroltheuseofcertain

orbecauseofancillary

marketability.Whattheserights

commercialexploitation.

broadcastingactivities.

aspectsoftheirownpersonafrom

Esportsplayersgenerally

protectisthecommercialuseofa

player'slikeness,liketheirname,

Theprotectionofimage

image,andpersona.Players

licensetheirimage

havethepossibilitytomonetize

variesgreatlyfromcountryto

orpublicityrightsto

(personality)orpublicityrights

theirpublicityrightsthrough

ateamorsponsor

countryandlastsatleastduring

endorsements,sponsorships,and

formerchandisingor

publicappearances,exploiting

promotionalcampaigns.

thelifeoftheindividual,although

someterritoriesextenditfor

theirpopularitytopromote

productsandservices.

severalyearsafterthedeathof

theindividual.

IPandthefoundationsoftheesportssector

IPisthecornerstoneoftheesportssector,notonlybecauseitprotectsandexploitsvery

intensivelyintangibleassetsfromvideogamepublishersandbrands,butalsobecause

esportsorganizers,teamsandplayersgeneratetheirownrights.Thisis,therefore,atwo-waystreet:ontheonehand,manyrightsholdersobtainsignificantrevenuesthroughlicensing

andmerchandising;ontheotherhand,thecollaborationofthesestakeholderssignificantlyenhancesthecommercialappealoftheprimaryIPinvolved,suchasthegames.Byworkingtogether,theynotonlyincreasethevisibilityandattractivenessoftheseassetsbutalsodrivetheoverallgrowthandsuccessofthesector.Astheesportssectorkeepsexpanding,havingstrongIPstrategieswillbecomeevenmorerelevanttoensuretheongoingsuccessand

sustainabilityofthisdynamicandfast-changingfield.

BasedonexistingIPrights,variousstakeholdersintheesportssectorforgecommercial

agreementsthatgeneraterevenuefrommonetizationefforts.Usually,eventhoughthoserevenuestreamsrelyontraditionalIPrights(copyright,trademarks,patents,etc.),theyarereferredtobydifferent,morecommercialmonickers.Forinstance,merchandisingrightsaregroundedontrademarksandcopyright,whilearenarightsarebasicallycopyrights.

Thetablebelowshowssomeexamplesofindustrycommercialrights,theircorrespondingrevenuestreams,andusefulinsightsabouttheirprotection.

Commercialrights

IPprotection

Merchandisingrights

Merchandisingrightsallowthird-partiesto

Merchandisingrightsarenotinherent

produceandsellproductsfeaturingprotected

legalrightsbutareformedthrougha

IP,suchasteamlogos,playerimages,and

combinationofIPrightsandcontractual

gamecharacters.Thisalsoincludesapparel,

agreements.Stakeholdersshouldsecure

accessories,andothermerchandisethatfans

licensingagreementsthatclearlyoutlinethe

canpurchase.

Theseagreementsshouldspecifythesco.pe,

duration,andfinancialtermsofthelicense.

termsforusingprotectedIPonproducts

Collaborationsbetweenbrandsandesportscan

Furthermore,keepinganeyeonthemarket

leadtoco-brandedmerchandise,blendingthe

forunauthorizedmerchandiseandpursuing

allureofbothtocreateuniqueandsought-after

legalactionagainstinfringerscanhelp

products.

preservecontrolovertheuseofIP.

Broadcastingrights

Broadcastingrightsgovernthetransmission

Copyrightoverbroadcastcontentisbased

anddistributionofliveandrecordedgame

onseverallegalsourcesthatvaryacross

contentincludingthroughdifferentmeanssuch

jurisdictions.Relatedrightsoverthe

rightsallowstakeholders,likegamepublishers,

tournamentorganizers,andteams,tocontrol

asfree-to-airorcableTV,streaming,etc.These

broadcastmightalsoexistinsometerritories.

whocanbroadcasttheireventsandunder

Itmaybeprotectedbylaw(legalsource)

whatterms.

subscriptionofspecificagreementstobuild

broadcastingrights(contractualsource).In

orbyadditionalrequirementssuchasthe

Thiscontentwillreachawideaudiencewith

eitherbothcases,itiskeytokeepfocusonthe

propermanagement,whilemaintainingcontrol

contractualstructureofthespecificesports

overitsdistributionanduse.

broadcastingrights.

eventtoensurethepropermanagementof

Competitionorarena

rights

controltheuseofspecificlocationsforesports

competitions.Effectivemanagementofthese

maximizesrevenueopportunitiesthrough

rightsensuresthateventsrunsmoothlyand

variouscommercialventures.

Competitionorarenarightsrelatetothe

liveeventsandcompetitions.Gamepublishers,

organizationofanactivityandtaketheformof

canbenefitfromtheserightsinorderto

tournamentorganizers,andvenueowners

stakeholdersimplementclearcontractual

agreementsthatdefinethetermsand

aspects,includingvenueuse,ticketsales,

sponsorships,andon-sitemerchandising

Additionally,controlovertheserights

can.be

reinforcedbymonitoringforunauthorized

eventsandtakinglegalactionagainst

potentialinfringements.

Toprotectcompetitionorarenarights,

Theseagreementsusuallycoversever.al

conditionsforhostingesportsevents

Datarights

Datarightsarebecomingparticularlyrelevant

Theexistenceofalegalrightoverspecific

forgamepublishers,butalsofortournament

dataordatasetsvariesfromonejurisdiction

organizers.Thedatageneratedbyplayers

toanother.Inpractice,thedifferent

andtheirin-gameactionsareextremely

stakeholdersreachagreementsoverspecific

valuableforanalyticsandcanalsobeprotected

usesofthedatatheyhandleinrelationto

andmonetized,aswellasaudiencemetrics

thevideogame.Forexample,publisherscan

andengagementdatafromlivestreams

obtainfrombroadcastersspecificinformation

andbroadcasts.

aboutaudiencemetrics,ifparticularlyagreeduponintheircollaborationcontracts.

2Esportsandintellectualproperty

9

3Mappingof

stakeholdersintheesportssector

Introduction

Therecentgrowthofesportshasbeendrivenbyseveralkeystakeholders,eachplayinga

decisiveroleinthesector'ssuccess.Gamedevelopersandpublisherscreateandmaintainthegames,whileteamsandplayersbringthesegamestolifethroughtheirskillanddedication.

Tournamentorganizersprovidearenasforplayerstoshowcasetheirtalents,orchestrating

eventsfromlocalcompetitionstointernationalchampionships.ThesectorisintenselydrivenbyIPrights,crucialforcontrollinggamedistribution,protectingpersonalbrands,andsecuringbroadcastingdealsandsponsorships.

Thedebatebetweensportsandesportsoftencentersontherolesandinfluenceofthese

stakeholders.Insports,stakeholderssuchasteams,athletes,leaguesandbroadcastershavewell-establishedrolesandrevenuemodels.Incontrast,theesportssectorisstilldefiningandrefiningtheserevenuemodels,withasignificantemphasisonIPrightsanddigitaldistribution.Thisongoingevolutionposesbothchallengesandopportunitiesforstakeholdersintheesportssector,highlightingtheuniquedynamicsthatdifferentiateesportsfromsports.

Non-commercialstakeholders

Playersareattheheartoftheesportssector,servingastheprimarytalentanddriving

forcebehinditsgrowthandpopularity.Theyaretheindividualswhocompeteinvideogamecompetitionsandleagues,displayingtheirtalentandattractingaudiencesworldwide.

Itissafetosaythatplayersareindispensabletotheesportssector,astheyareamongthose

responsibleforitsgrowthandsuccess.Theycanachievethisthroughtheirperformance,

influenceandcommunityengagement.Theirroleintheesportssectorismultifaceted.Itis

notonlyabouttheirperformanceincompetitions,butalsoabouttheirinfluenceonbranding,marketing,andtheinvolvementtheyachievefromtheirfanbase,suchasthroughsocialmedia.Thesectorofesportsisevolvingeveryday,andwithit,theimportanceandthecontributionsoftheplayerswillonlyincrease,solidifyingtheirpositionaskeystakeholders.

Players

Playersaretheindividualswhoshowcasetheirvideogameplayskillsinesportscompetitions.Theycanrangefromamateurenthusiaststoprofessionalswhocompeteatthehighestlevels.

Businessrelevance

Playersarethecoreoftheesportssector,astheirperformanceandpersonalitiesdrive

viewershipandfanengagement.Theirinfluenceaffectsbranding,marketingandtheoverallpopularityofesports.Theyarekeyinrevenuestreamsforthesector,suchassponsorships,advertisingdealsandmerchandisesales.Duetotheirpopularity,someeventuallybecomecelebritieswithstrongsocialmediaengagement.

IP-relatedmatters

Playersusuallycombineandprotecttheirimagerightswithbrandsandcopyrightthatreflecttheiridentity,imageandlikeness.Thosewouldbekeyinsecuringrevenuesfromtheiractivityasplayersandanyuniquecontenttheygenerate(suchasstreamingorsocialmediacontent).IftheIPpoliciesofaconcretevideogamerequireit,theymayalsoneedtosecurerightstousecertainin-gameassetsorcharacters.

Teamorganizationsareotherpivotalstakeholdersintheesportssector.Theyprovide

structure,supportandatrainingenvironmentforplayersandteams.Theseentitiesare

responsibleforassemblingtalent,managingplayercareersandfosteringasenseofcommunityandidentitywithintheesportssector.Theirroleextendsbeyondcompetition,astheyalsoworkonotheraspects,suchasbusinessmanagement,marketingandfanengagement.

Furthermore,teamorganizationsmanageIPandbrandingwithrespectto,notonlythemselves,butalsotheplayers,andtheyalsonavigatecomplexcontractsandagreementsandaddress

variouschallengesanddisputes.Oneofthemostimportantfactorstheyneedtoconsidertomaintaintheirinfluenceinthemarketareeffectivemanagementandaudienceengagement.

Teamorganizations

Teamorganizationsareentitiesthatrecruitandmanageplayersorgroupsofplayers(teams)whilealsocompetingatcompetitions.Theyoffertheinfrastructure,supportandresourcesrequiredforplayerstocompeteattheirbest.

Businessrelevance

Teamorganizationshaveaveryimportantroleinthecompetitivelandscapeofesports.Theyhandlebusinessmanagement,marketingandfanengagement,creatingasenseofcommunityandidentity.Thesuccessfulorganizationsarethosethatmanagetoattractsponsorships,

mediadealsandaloyalfanbase,whichconsequentlycontributessignificantlytothesector'sgrowth.Theyalsomanageandlicense,tosomedegree,theimageandIPoftheirplayersafterobtainingauthorizationtodoso.

IP-relatedmatters

Teamorganizationsneedtoprotecttheirbrand,includinglogos,teamnamesandanyuniquecontentth