机械原理课程设计-粉末成型压机

.PAGE.目录一、课题02二、机构总体设计03三、机构具体设计3.1上冲模机构设计043.2脱模机构设计213.2.1滚子直动对心盘形凸轮设计21 3.2.2平底推杆直动对心盘形凸轮设计343.2.3分析比较453.3送粉机构设计463.3.1设计分析463.3.2摆动推杆凸轮设计473.3.3连杆机构设计59四、机构动力设计80五、参考文献82课题：粉末成形压机工作原理及工艺动作过程粉末冶金是将金属等粉末的混合料，通过压制成型和烧结而制成零件或成品材料的一种工艺方法。在压制长径比h/d≤1~1.5的圆柱体压坯时，可采用单向压制，即压制时仅一个方向施力。压制过程中，阴模固定不动，其他执行动作如图1所示。送料器上粉后返回，上冲模开始上冲模压制到位，下行压制粉末，下冲模固定不动下冲模固定不动（a）（b）上冲模上行回位，下送粉器推坯下料冲模上顶压坯脱模下冲模固定不动（C）（d）送粉器到位后上料准备回位下冲模下行回位，准备循环（e）二．设计要求上冲模压制机构应具有以下的运动特性：快速接近粉料，慢速等速压制，压制到位后停歇片刻（约0.4秒左右）保压或接近压制行程终点时再放慢而几道保压作用。脱模机构应使下冲模顶出距离准确，复位时要求速度快而冲击小。送粉机构要严格遵守压制周期的运动规律。进一步要求：让上冲模和下冲模的行程可调。三.主要技术要求1每分钟压制次数为10~40次；2.压坯最大直径为45mm;3.上冲模最大行程为110mm;4.送粉器行程为115mm;5.脱模最大行程为45mm;6.压制及脱模能力最大为58KN;一：机构总体设计成型压机的总体设计如图一所示。该成型压机包括三个机构：上冲模机构、下冲模机构（脱模机构）、送粉机构。图1上冲模机构由一个曲柄摇杆机构（1、2、3）和一个三杆滑块机构（3、4、5）并联，其功能是：曲柄1做回转运动，带动摇杆3在一定范围内摆动，并且具有急回特性。摇杆3与连杆4铰接，进而带动冲头5做直线运动。上冲模在冲压完成后停歇0.3~0.4S，之后有一个急回过程。脱模机构由下冲模即推杆与圆盘凸轮组成。其功能是：在凸轮停歇，上冲模做冲压动作时凸轮与推杆不接触，此时推杆由机架拖住。这样，在冲压过程中推杆上受到的压力就不会作用到凸轮上。脱模机构能使下冲模顶出距离准确。回程（复位）时速度快而冲击小。送粉机构由一个滚子摆杆偏心圆盘机构与一个摇杆滑块机构串联而成。其功能是：具有间歇送料和急回特性送料的同时将已压制好的坯送离工作区域二．机构具体设计（1）上冲模机构设计：设计选定LCD=LBC=L4=200mm，上冲模的行程为100mm。即构件2,3,4的长度均为200mm。先对曲柄摇杆机构进行作图分析：图21．假定CD杆运动到竖直位置时，AB杆与BC杆恰好共线，且此时B’C’与水平方向的夹角为30°。B’C’与B”C”分别是BC杆运动的两个极限位置。进而计算出杆CD的摆动角为41.4°计算得∠C”C’D=69.3°。则∠C”C’B’=30°+∠C”C’D-90°=9.3°AB’与B’C’共线，A铰链的位置在直线B”C”上，现假设LAB=X，则有AC’=200+X。还有AB”与B”C”重合，则AC”=200-X。进而由余弦定理得：COS∠C”C’B’=[(200+X)2+2002-(200-X)2]/[2x100x1.414(200+X)]解得X=68.78mm即曲柄1的长度约等于68.8mm。进一步计算其机位夹角=9.97°，即其机位夹角约等于10°，从而得该机构的行程速比系数K=1.17。最后得到的上冲模机构简图如下图三。图32．现对进行运动分析：图4计算得LAD=242mm、LAE=LAB+LBC=268.8mm、AD与水平线的夹角为15.77°3．现以AD为基准进行机构的运动分析：f1(2,3)=(LBCcos2+LCDcos3)–(LAD+LABcos1)f2(2,3)=(LCDsin3–LBCsin2)–LABsin1该方程组的雅克比矩阵为J： –LBCsin2-LCDsin3J=-LBCcos2LCDcos3接着进行MATLAB编程，对机构的运动进行分析：①位移分析：原函数：functiony=rrrposi(x)%%scriptusedtoimplementNewton-Raphsonmechodfor%solvingnonlinearpositionofRRRbargroup%%Inputparameters%x(1)=theta-1%x(2)=theta-2guessvalue%x(3)=theta-3guessvalue%x(4)=LAB%x(5)=LBC%x(6)=LCD%x(7)=LAD%%Outputparameters%%y(2)=theta-2%y(3)=theta-3%y(4)=theta-4%theta2=x(2);theta3=x(3);%epsilon=1.0E-6;%f=[x(5)*cos(theta2)+x(6)*cos(theta3)-x(7)-x(4)*cos(x(1));x(6)*sin(theta3)-x(5)*sin(theta2)-x(4)*sin(x(1))];%whilenorm(f)>epsilonJ=[-x(5)*sin(theta2)-x(6)*sin(theta3);-x(5)*cos(theta2)x(6)*cos(theta3)];dth=inv(J)*(-1.0*f);theta2=theta2+dth(1);theta3=theta3+dth(2);f=[x(5)*cos(theta2)+x(6)*cos(theta3)-x(7)-x(4)*cos(x(1));x(6)*sin(theta3)-x(5)*sin(theta2)-x(4)*sin(x(1))];norm(f);end;y(1)=theta2;y(2)=theta3;主程序：clcclearx1=linspace(0,2*pi,180);x=zeros(length(x1),7);forn=1:180x(n,:)=[x1(:,n)40*pi/18055*pi/18068.8200200242];endp=zeros(length(x1),2);fork=1:180y=shangchongm(x(k,:));p(k,:)=y;end得到P矩阵。得到的P矩阵的第二列是3在曲柄1转过360°的过程中对应各个位置的值。得摇杆与竖直线的夹角矩阵为q=90-p(:,1)'*(180/pi)-15.77。输出图像：图5上冲模的行程方程为：X=2x200xcosq-300输出上冲模行程随1摆动角度变化的图像：图6分析上冲模的行程图像可知，上冲模在一个周期内约有0.33S的停歇时间。接下来分析机构运动的加速度：f1(2,3)=(LBCcos2+LCDcos3)–(LAD+LABcos1)f2(2,3)=(LCDsin3–LBCsin2)–LABsin1对时间t求导数得到：-ω2LBCSinθ2-ω3LCDSinθ3=-ω1LABSinθ1ω3LCDCosθ3-ω2LBCCosθ2=ω1LABCosθ1-LBCSinθ2-LCDSinθ3ω2 -LBCCosθ2LCDCosθ3ω3-LABSinθ1=ω1 LABCosθ1ω1=2π/π=πrad/s再次求导数得到：-α2LBCSinθ2-ω22LBCCosθ2-α3LCDSinθ3-ω32LCDCosθ3=-ω12LABCosθ1α3LCDCosθ3-ω32LCDSinθ3-α2LBCCosθ2+ω22LBCSinθ2=-ω12LABSinθ1-LBCSinθ2-LCDSinθ3α2=LCDCosθ3-LBCCosθ2 α3ω1LABCosθ1ω2LBCCosθ2ω3LCDCosθ3ω1ω2 -ω1LABSinθ1-ω2LBCSinθ2ω3LCDSinθ3ω3依据速度方程和加速度方程进行MATLAB编程。②速度分析：主函数：functiony=scmvel(x)%%Inputparameters%%x(1)=theta-1%x(2)=theta-2%x(3)=theta-3%x(4)=dtheta-1%x(5)=LAB%x(6)=LBC%x(7)=LCD%x(8)=LDA%%Outoutparameters%%y(1)=dtheta-2%y(2)=dtheta-3%A=[-x(6)*sin(x(2))-x(7)*sin(x(3));-x(6)*cos(x(2))x(7)*cos(x(3))];B=[-x(5)*sin(x(1));x(5)*cos(x(1))]*x(4);y=inv(A)*B;主程序：>>x2=[x1'p(:,1)p(:,2)pi*ones(180,1)68.8*ones(180,1)200*ones(180,1)...200*ones(180,1)242*ones(180,1)];>>m=zeros(2,180);>>fork=1:180y2=scmvel(x2(k,:));m(:,k)=y2;end得到的m矩阵的第二行是CD杆的角速度进一步输出CD杆角速度图像：图7上冲模的速度函数V=-W3x400xsin3输出上冲模速度图像：图8③求加速度：主函数：functiony=scma(x)%%Inputparameters%%x(1)=theta-1%x(2)=theta-2%x(3)=theta-3%x(4)=dtheta-1%x(5)=dtheta-2%x(6)=dtheta-3%x(7)=LAB%x(8)=LBC%x(9)=LCD%x(10)=LAD%%Outoutparameters%%y(1)=a2%y(2)=a3%A=[-x(8)*sin(x(2))-x(9)*sin(x(3));x(9)*cos(x(3))-x(8)*cos(x(2))];B=[-x(4)*x(7)*cos(x(1))x(5)*x(8)*cos(x(2))x(6)*x(9)*cos(x(3));-x(4)*x(7)*sin(x(1))-x(5)*x(8)*sin(x(2))x(6)*x(9)*sin(x(3))];C=[x(4);x(5);x(6)];y=inv(A)*B*C;主程序：>>x3=[x1'p(:,1)p(:,2)pi*ones(180,1)m(1,:)'m(2,:)'0.0688*ones(180,1)...0.200*ones(180,1)0.200*ones(180,1)0.242*ones(180,1)];>>n=zeros(2,180);fork=1:180y3=scma(x3(k,:));n(:,k)=y3;end得到的n矩阵的第二行是CD杆的角加速度。输出杆CD运动的角加速度图像：图9上冲模加速度：>>A=zeros(1,180);>>fork=1:180A(k)=-0.4*n(2,k)*sin(p(k,2))-0.4*m(2,k)^2*cos(p(k,2));end输出上冲模加速度图像：图10整理数据列表：表一上冲模运动分析数据表1/rad2/rad3/radW2（rad/s）W3（rad/s）a2/(rad/m2)a3/(rad/m2)00.03510.07020.10530.14040.17550.21060.24570.28080.31590.35100.38610.42120.45630.49140.52650.56160.59670.63180.66690.70200.73710.77220.80730.84240.87750.91260.94770.98281.01791.05301.08811.12331.15841.19351.22861.26371.29881.33391.36901.40411.43921.47431.50941.54451.57961.61471.64981.68491.72001.75511.79021.82531.86041.89551.93061.96572.00082.03592.07102.10612.14122.17632.21142.24652.28162.31672.35182.38692.42202.45712.49222.52732.56242.59752.63262.66772.70282.73792.77302.80812.84322.87832.91342.94852.98363.01873.05383.08893.12403.15913.19423.22933.26443.29953.33473.36983.40493.44003.47513.51023.54533.58043.61553.65063.68573.72083.75593.79103.82613.86123.89633.93143.96654.00164.03674.07184.10694.14204.17714.21224.24734.28244.31754.35264.38774.42284.45794.49304.52814.56324.59834.63344.66854.70364.73874.77384.80894.84404.87914.91424.94934.98445.01955.05465.08975.12485.15995.19505.23015.26525.30035.33545.37055.40565.44075.47585.51105.54615.58125.61635.65145.68655.72165.75675.79185.82695.86205.89715.93225.96736.00246.03756.07266.10776.14286.17796.21306.24816.28320.68090.67330.66590.65880.65200.64540.63910.63310.62740.62200.61680.61200.60740.60310.59910.59540.59200.58880.58590.58340.58110.57900.57730.57590.57470.57380.57320.57280.57280.57300.57350.57430.57530.57670.57830.58020.58240.58480.58760.59060.59390.59750.60140.60560.61000.61480.61990.62520.63090.63690.64320.64980.65680.66400.67160.67950.68780.69640.70530.71460.72420.73410.74440.75500.76600.77730.78900.80100.81330.82590.83890.85210.86560.87940.89350.90780.92230.93700.95180.96680.98190.99711.01221.02741.04251.05761.07251.08721.10171.11601.12991.14351.15671.16951.18181.19361.20481.21551.22561.23501.24381.25201.25941.26621.27231.27761.28231.28621.28951.29201.29391.29501.29551.29531.29451.29311.29101.28831.28511.28131.27701.27211.26671.26091.25451.24781.24061.23301.22501.21661.20801.19891.18961.18001.17011.15991.14951.13891.12811.11711.10591.09451.08311.07151.05981.04791.03611.02411.01211.00010.98800.97590.96380.95180.93980.92780.91580.90400.89220.88050.86890.85740.84610.83480.82370.81280.80210.79150.78110.77090.76080.75100.74140.73210.72290.71400.70540.69700.68880.68090.68090.68880.69700.70540.71400.72290.73210.74140.75100.76080.77090.78110.79150.80210.81280.82370.83480.84610.85740.86890.88050.89220.90400.91580.92780.93980.95180.96380.97590.98801.00011.01211.02411.03611.04791.05981.07151.08311.09451.10591.11711.12811.13891.14951.15991.17011.18001.18961.19891.20801.21661.22501.23301.24061.24781.25451.26091.26671.27211.27701.28131.28511.28831.29101.29311.29451.29531.29551.29501.29391.29201.28951.28621.28231.27761.27231.26621.25941.25201.24381.23501.22561.21551.20481.19361.18181.16951.15671.14351.12991.11601.10171.08721.07251.05761.04251.02741.01220.99710.98190.96680.95180.93700.92230.90780.89350.87940.86560.85210.83890.82590.81330.80100.78900.77730.76600.75500.74440.73410.72420.71460.70530.69640.68780.67950.67160.66400.65680.64980.64320.63690.63090.62520.61990.61480.61000.60560.60140.59750.59390.59060.58760.58480.58240.58020.57830.57670.57530.57430.57350.57300.57280.57280.57320.57380.57470.57590.57730.57900.58110.58340.58590.58880.59200.59540.59910.60310.60740.61200.61680.62200.62740.63310.63910.64540.65200.65880.66590.67330.6809-0.6954-0.6718-0.6478-0.6235-0.5990-0.5742-0.5493-0.5241-0.4989-0.4735-0.4480-0.4225-0.3969-0.3713-0.3457-0.3202-0.2946-0.2692-0.2437-0.2183-0.1930-0.1677-0.1425-0.1174-0.0923-0.0673-0.0423-0.01740.00750.03240.05720.08210.10700.13200.15690.18200.20710.23240.25780.28330.30890.33480.36080.38710.41360.44030.46730.49460.52220.55000.57820.60660.63540.66440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且压力角满足设计要求。SolidWorks建模结果如图：图18输出该凸轮的各项数据列表：表三滚子对心直动推杆盘形凸轮数据表凸轮旋转角度行程/mm速度(m/s)加速度(m/S2)压力角曲率半径/mm0130.00000.00000.00000.0000-130.001130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.002130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.003130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.004130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.005130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.006130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.007130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.008130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.009130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0010130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0011130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0012130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0013130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0014130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0015130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0016130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0017130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0018130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0019130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0020130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0021130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0022130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0023130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0024130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0025130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0026130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0027130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0028130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0029130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0030130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0031130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0032130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0033130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0034130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0035130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0036130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0037130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0038130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0039130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0040130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0041130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0042130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0043130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0044130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0045130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0046130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0047130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0048130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0049130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0050130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0051130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0052130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0053130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0054130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0055130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0056130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0057130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0058130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0059130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0060130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0061130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0062130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0063130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0064130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0065130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0066130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0067130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0068130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0069130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0070130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0071130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0072130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0073130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0074130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0075130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0076130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0077130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0078130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0079130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0080130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0081130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0082130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0083130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0084130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0085130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0086130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0087130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0088130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0089130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0090130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0091130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0092130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0093130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0094130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0095130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0096130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0097130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0098130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.0099130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00100130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00101130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00102130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00103130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00104130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00105130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00106130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00107130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00108130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00109130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00110130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00111130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00112130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00113130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00114130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00115130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00116130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00117130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00118130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00119130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00120130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00121130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00122130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00123130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00124130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00125130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00126130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00127130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00128130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00129130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00130130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00131130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00132130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00133130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00134130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00135130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00136130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00137130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00138130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00139130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00140130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00141130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00142130.00000.00000.00000.0000130.00143130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