2026年血液中心专业英语词汇及面试应用

2026年血液中心专业英语词汇及面试应用一、单选题（共10题，每题2分）说明：以下题目考察血液中心常用专业英语词汇及短语，请选择最符合题意的选项。1.Whatisthemedicaltermfortheprocessofcollectingbloodfromadonor?A.HematocritB.PhlebotomyC.ApheresisD.Erythrocytosis2.Whichofthefollowingtestsisusedtodeterminethecompatibilitybetweenadonor'sbloodandarecipient'sblood?A.CBC(CompleteBloodCount)B.CrossmatchingC.CoagulationtestD.Bloodgasanalysis3.Whatdoes"leukoreduction"refertoinbloodbanking?A.ReducingthenumberofredbloodcellsB.RemovingwhitebloodcellsfromthebloodproductC.IncreasingtheplateletcountD.Dilutingthebloodwithsaline4.Whichmedicationiscommonlyusedtopreventbloodclottingduringbloodstorage?A.HeparinB.SalinesolutionC.VitaminKD.Cortisol5.Whatisthetermforthepreservationofbloodcomponentsatsub-zerotemperatures?A.CryopreservationB.RefrigerationC.IrradiationD.Leukoreduction6.WhichbloodgroupsystemisassociatedwiththeABOandRhantigens?A.KellB.DuffyC.ABOD.Lutheran7.Whatistheprocessofseparatingplasmafromotherbloodcomponentscalled?A.HemapheresisB.PlasmapheresisC.LeukoreductionD.Erythrocytosis8.Whichtermreferstothedestructionofredbloodcells?A.HemolysisB.ThrombosisC.CoagulationD.Erythropoiesis9.Whatistheprimarypurposeofirradiatingbloodproducts?A.ToincreasetheredbloodcellcountB.TodestroyresidualwhitebloodcellsandpreventGVHDC.ToextendtheshelflifeofplasmaD.Toenhancetheoxygen-carryingcapacityofblood10.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationofbloodtransfusion?A.HemoglobinuriaB.HyperbilirubinemiaC.Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)D.Erythrocyteagglutination二、填空题（共10题，每题2分）说明：请根据上下文填写合适的英文专业词汇。1.Theprocessofdeterminingadonor'seligibilitytogivebloodiscalled________.2.Bloodproductsstoredat1-6°Caretypicallycalled________units.3.Thetermformatchingadonor'sbloodtypewitharecipient'sbloodtypeis________.4.Theremovalofplasmafromwholebloodisreferredtoas________.5.BloodthatcontainsantibodiesagainsttheABOantigensiscalled________blood.6.Thedestructionofredbloodcellsbywhitebloodcellsisknownas________.7.Thepreservationofbloodcomponentsat-80°Ciscalled________.8.Theconditionwhereatransfusionreactionoccursduetoantibodiesiscalled________.9.Theprocessofaddinganticoagulantstopreventbloodclotsiscalled________.10.Thetermfortherarestbloodtypeis________blood.三、判断题（共10题，每题1分）说明：请判断以下陈述是否正确（True/False）。1.Cryopreservationisusedtostoreredbloodcellsforlong-termbanking.(True/False)2.Hepariniscommonlyaddedtoplateletpheresisbagstopreventclotting.(True/False)3.ABOincompatibilityisthemostcommoncauseoftransfusionreactions.(True/False)4.Leukoreductionisperformedtoremovewhitebloodcellsandreducetheriskoffebrilenon-hemolytictransfusionreactions(FNHTR).(True/False)5.Irradiationofbloodproductsisnecessarytopreventgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD).(True/False)6.Apheresisisaprocessthatseparatesonebloodcomponentwhilereturningotherstothedonor.(True/False)7.Plasmaistypicallystoredatroomtemperatureforupto1year.(True/False)8.Hemolysisoccurswhenredbloodcellsburstduetoosmoticpressurechanges.(True/False)9.TheRhbloodgroupsystemisnamedafterthecitywhereitwasdiscovered.(True/False)10.Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)isararebutseriouscomplicationofbloodtransfusion.(True/False)四、简答题（共5题，每题4分）说明：请用英文简要回答以下问题。1.WhatarethefourmajorbloodgroupsintheABOsystem,andhowaretheydetermined?2.Explainthepurposeofleukoreductioninbloodbanking.3.Describetheprocessofplasmafreezinganditsadvantages.4.Whatarethemaincausesoftransfusionreactions,andhowcantheybeprevented?5.Howdoesbloodtypingandcrossmatchingensuresafebloodtransfusions?五、翻译题（共5题，每题5分）说明：请将以下中文句子翻译成英文。1.血液中心通常会进行抗体筛查以检测献血者的血液中是否存在不规则抗体。2.血小板输注的常用剂量取决于患者的体重和临床状况。3.冰冻血浆（FFP）通常用于治疗凝血功能障碍的病人。4.输血前必须进行交叉配血试验以确保受血者的安全性。5.输血相关急性肺损伤（TRALI）是输血后可能发生的严重并发症之一。答案及解析一、单选题答案1.B.Phlebotomy-Phlebotomyreferstotheprocessofcollectingbloodfromadonor.-Hematocritmeasuresredbloodcellvolume;apheresisseparatesbloodcomponents;erythrocytosisisincreasedredbloodcellcount.2.B.Crossmatching-Crossmatchingensurescompatibilitybetweendonorandrecipientblood.-CBCchecksbloodcellcounts;coagulationtestsassessclottingability;bloodgasanalysismeasuresbloodgases.3.B.Removingwhitebloodcellsfromthebloodproduct-Leukoreductionreduceswhitebloodcellstopreventimmunereactions.-Reducingredbloodcellsishemolysis;increasingplateletcountisthrombocytopenia.4.A.Heparin-Heparinisananticoagulantusedtopreventbloodclotsduringstorage.-Salinesolutionisisotonic;vitaminKpromotesclotting;cortisolisasteroid.5.A.Cryopreservation-Cryopreservationstoresbloodat-80°Cforlong-termuse.-Refrigerationisforshort-termstorage;irradiationdestroyswhitebloodcells.6.C.ABO-ABOandRharethemostclinicallysignificantbloodgroupsystems.-Kell,Duffy,andLutheranareothersystemsbutlesscommon.7.B.Plasmapheresis-Plasmapheresisseparatesplasmafrombloodcomponents.-Hemapheresisisageneraltermforbloodcomponentseparation.8.A.Hemolysis-Hemolysisisthedestructionofredbloodcells.-Thrombosisisbloodclotting;coagulationisclottingprocess;erythropoiesisisredbloodcellproduction.9.B.TodestroyresidualwhitebloodcellsandpreventGVHD-Irradiationpreventsgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD).-Increasingredbloodcellcountisnotitspurpose;plasmastorageisseparate.10.C.Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)-TRALIisaseriouslunginjurypost-transfusion.-Hemoglobinuriaishemoglobininurine;hyperbilirubinemiaisjaundice;agglutinationisclumpingofredbloodcells.二、填空题答案1.Blooddonorscreening2.Wholeblood3.Bloodtypingandcrossmatching4.Plasmapheresis5.Antibody-positive6.Hemolysis7.Cryopreservation8.Transfusionreaction9.Anticoagulation10.O-negative三、判断题答案1.True-Cryopreservation(-80°C)isusedforlong-termredbloodcellstorage.2.False-Plateletpheresisusesanticoagulantslikecitrate,notheparin.3.True-ABOincompatibilityisthemostcommoncauseoftransfusionreactions.4.True-LeukoreductionreduceswhitebloodcellstopreventFNHTR.5.True-IrradiationdestroysTcellstopreventGVHD.6.True-Apheresisseparatescomponentswhilereturningotherstothedonor.7.False-Plasmaisfrozen(-18°C)forupto1year;roomtempisforplatelets.8.True-Hemolysisoccurswhenredbloodcellsburstduetoosmoticchanges.9.False-RhisnamedaftertheRiverRhine,notacity.10.True-TRALIisararebutserioustransfusioncomplication.四、简答题答案1.ABOSystemandBloodGroups-TheABOsystemhasfourgroups:A(Aantigens),B(Bantigens),AB(bothAandB),andO(noantigens).-Determinedbyantibodiesinplasmaandantigensonredbloodcells.2.PurposeofLeukoreduction-Reduceswhitebloodcellstopreventimmunereactions(e.g.,FNHTR).-Alsominimizesriskofviraltransmission(e.g.,CMV).3.PlasmaFreezing-Plasmaisfrozenat-18°Ctopreserveclottingfactorsforupto1year.-Advantages:Longshelflife;stableclottingfactoractivity.4.CausesandPreventionofTransfusionReactions-Causes:ABOincompatibili