工业设计专业英语德国设计

GermandesignabouttheBauhausLesson2AsmentiontoGermandesign,wewillthinkoftheBauhausfirst.TheBauhausschoolofdesigninGermanychangedthewaythattheworldthoughtaboutdesign.德国包豪斯设计学院改变了世界对设计的看法。TheBauhauswasfoundedinWeimar,Germanyin1919byarchitect,WalterGropiuswiththeaimof

bridgingthegapbetweenart,designandindustryandunifyingallthree.

魏玛沃尔特格罗皮乌斯Bridgethegapbetween消除(…之间的)隔阂包豪斯于1919年,在德国魏玛由建筑师沃尔特.格罗皮乌斯建立。其目标是消除艺术、设计和工业三者之间的隔阂并式它们相互联结。Itwasaschoolwherestudentsreceivedtheoreticalandpracticaltraininginallofthefinearts-ceramics,

murals,

stainedglass,metalwork,bookbindingandfurniture-making–andlearnedtocombinethesefineartskillswithnewtechnologiestodesignandmanufactureproductsthatwerebothbeautifulandpractical.

精细工艺在这所学校里,学生获得所有精细工艺方面的理论和实践培训，包括陶瓷、壁画、彩色玻璃、金属制品、装订和家具制造，他们学习把这些艺术技巧与新技术应用到设计和制造美观实用的产品当中。[θɪə‘retɪk(ə)l]理论的[sə‘ræmɪks]陶瓷[‘mjʊrəl]壁画[steɪnd]着色的CHAIRWITHARMRESTS,design:MiesvanderRohe(1927)B65DESK,design:MarcelBreuer(1929/30)TUBULARSTEELCHAIR,design:MartStam(1928)CRADLE,design:PeterKehler(1922)ME105CEILINGLAMP,design:MarianneBrandt/HansPrzyrembel(1926)FRUITBOWL,design:JosefAlbers(1923)TABLELAMP,design:CarlJacobJucker/WilhelmWagenfeld(1923/24)DOORHANDLEfortheBauhausBuildinginDessau,design:WalterGropius(1929)TEAMACHINE,design:MarianneBrandt(1928/30)GropiuswasinfluencedbytheoldArtsandCraftsmovementofthelate19thandearly20thwhichhademergedasaresponsetotheintenseindustrializationofVictorianEngland.

Itsaimhadbeentobringartistsandcraftspeopletogethertoensurethesurvivalofbeautifulcraftsmanshipinthefaceofmechanizedlabour.

ArtsandCraftsmovement工艺美术运动Emerge[ɪ'mɜːdʒ]出现Survival

[sə‘vaɪv(ə)l]存活Labour

['leɪbə]劳动力Craft工艺品Craftsmanship工艺Mechanized[‘mekənaizd]机械化的格罗佩斯受到了19世纪末20世纪初的作为对高度工业化的英国维多利亚时代反应的旧工艺美术运动的影响。其目的是将艺术家和工匠结合在一起，确保机械化劳动下的美的工艺品的存在。Gropius’aimwastouniteartistsandcraftspeopleinordertoembracetechnologicaldevelopments.

Itwasclearthattechnologywasthefutureandmachinesnowprovidedopportunitiestomass-produceproductsforeverydayuse.

[ɪm'bres]拥抱格罗佩斯的目的是将艺术家和工艺师结合起来拥抱技术发展。很明显，技术是未来，机器为大量生产每天使用的产品提供了机会。Withthisvisionofunity,theBauhausaimedtocreateanenvironmentinwhichartistscouldworkalongsidearchitectsanddesignerstocontributetothe‘buildingofthefuture’usingthisnewmachinetechnology.基于这一团结的愿景,包豪斯旨在创建一个艺术家可以和建筑师、设计师一起工作的环境，通过使用新机器技术为“构建未来”做出贡献。[kən‘trɪbjut]贡献Asanarchitect,Gropiusbelievedthatabuildingshouldbeatthecentreoftheteachingofallthearts,hencethenameBauhaus(HouseofBuilding)andin1925theBauhausmovedfromWeimartoDessauandintoanewpurpose-builthomewhichreflectedthecoreBauhausvalues.

[kɔː]核心作为一个建筑师,格罗佩斯认为建筑应该是所有艺术教学的中心,因此得名包豪斯(房屋建筑)。1925年包豪斯从魏玛移到德绍，进入了一个新的目的——“建立家庭”（德绍时期，包豪斯在德国德绍重建，并进行课程改革，实行了设计与制作教学一体化的教学方法，取得了优异成果。），这反映了包豪斯核心价值观。

['desau]

德绍（德国东部城市）[rɪ'flekt]

反映The

basic

teaching

system

of

modern

design

practicedand

explored

by

Bauhaus,

hasbecomeamodelforfuture

design

of

teaching

institutions.

包豪斯开发和实践形成的现代设计基础教学体系，已经成为以后设计院校教学的典范。[ɪnstɪ‘tjuːʃ(ə)n]机构DesignedbyGropius,workshops,studios,classrooms,officesandlivingspacewereallhousedwithinanasymmetricalstructurefeaturing

wallsofglass.

由格罗佩斯设计,工作坊,工作室,教室,办公室和生活空间都安置在一个非称结构特色的玻璃墙内。

[eɪsɪ'metrɪkl]非对称的[haust]封装的Thebuildinghadafeelingofopenness,cleanlinesandsimplicityandthisBauhausstyleofarchitecturesetastandardthatbecameknownasthe‘internationalstyle’andonewhichhasinfluencedgenerationsofarchitectssinceandwhichstillretainsitsappealtoday.建筑有一种开放的感觉,干净的线条和简洁性，这种包豪斯风格的建筑设定了一个标准，被称为“国际风格”。从那之后这种风格已经影响了一代又一代的建筑师，并且至今仍然维持着吸引力。格罗佩斯也开始认识到机器的能力使作品具有美感，包豪斯接受了“机器美学”,为能够用现代技术进行大量生产的日用品开展创造性设计。GropiusalsobegantorecognizetheabilityofmachinestomakeworksofbeautyandtheBauhausembracedthe‘machineaesthetic’,creatingdesignsforhouseholditemsthatcouldbemassproducedusingmoderntechnology.拥抱日常的Despitethefactthatitlastedforonlyfourteenyears,thelegacyoftheBauhausenduresanditsprinciplescanbeseeninmuchofwhatwethinkoftodayascontemporaryormoderndesign,whetherit’sinthehomesweliveinorthetypographyweuse.尽管它只持续了14年,包豪斯所延续的遗产和他的原则在很多我们认为的今天的现代设计，不论是在我们居住的家里还是我们使用的排版中，都可以看到。['legəsɪ]遗产[kən'temp(ə)r(ər)ɪ]同时代的[dɪ‘spaɪt]尽管[ɪn‘djʊə]持续[taɪ'pɒgrəfɪ]排印Ourstreamlinedkitchenproducts,cantileveredchairs,stackingtables,

‘modern’lamps,

whitewallsandopenplanlivingspacescanalltracetheiroriginsbacktotheBauhaus.我们流线型的厨房产品,悬臂式椅子,层叠桌子,“现代”灯,白色的墙壁和开放式生活空间，都可以将它们的起源追溯到包豪斯。['striːmlaɪnd]流线型的['kæntlivɚd]悬臂式的

['stækɪŋ]重叠[læmp]灯

[treɪs]追溯[‘ɒrɪdʒɪn]起源包豪斯最杰出的女学生布兰特（MarianneBrandt，1893–1983）布兰特设计的铜壶和台灯

AsmentiontoGermandesign,wewillthinkoftheBauhausfirst.TheBauhausschoolofdesigninGermanychangedthewaythattheworldthoughtaboutdesign.TheBauhauswasfoundedinWeimar,Germanyin1919byarchitect,WalterGropiuswiththeaimof

bridgingthegapbetweenart,designandindustryandunifyingallthree.

Itwasaschoolwherestudentsreceivedtheoreticalandpracticaltraininginallofthefinearts-ceramics,murals,stainedglass,metalwork,bookbindingandfurniture-making–andlearnedtocombinethesefineartskillswithnewtechnologiestodesignandmanufactureproductsthatwerebothbeautifulandpractical.GropiuswasinfluencedbytheoldArtsandCraftsmovementofthelate19thandearly20thwhichhademergedasaresponsetotheintenseindustrializationofVictorianEngland.

Itsaimhadbeentobringartistsandcraftspeopletogethertoensurethesurvivalofbeautifulcraftsmanshipinthefaceofmechanizedlabour.Gropius’aimwastouniteartistsandcraftspeopleinordertoembracetechnologicaldevelopments.

Itwasclearthattechnologywasthefutureandmachinesnowprovidedopportunitiestomass-produceproductsforeverydayuse.Withthisvisionofunity,theBauhausaimedtocreateanenvironmentinwhichartistscouldworkalongsidearchitectsanddesignerstocontributetothe‘buildingofthefuture’usingthisnewmachinetechnology.Asanarchitect,Gropiusbelievedthatabuildingshouldbeatthecentreoftheteachingofallthearts,hencethenameBauhaus(HouseofBuilding)andin1925theBauhausmovedfromWeimartoDessauandintoanewpurpose-builthomewhichreflectedthecoreBauhausvalues.The

basic

teaching

system

of

modern

design

pra