2026年新课标II卷英语压轴题突破卷含解析

2026年新课标II卷英语压轴题突破卷含解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解阅读下列材料，回答第1至5题。Theconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedHOO-guh),aDanishwordmeaningcoziness,comfort,andenjoymentofthesimplethingsinlife,hasgainedsignificanttractiongloballyinrecentyears.OriginatingfromNordicculture,hyggeismorethanjustatrend;it'sawayoflifethatemphasizesmindfulness,togetherness,andcreatingawarmatmosphere.WhileitsrootsaredeeplyembeddedinDanishandNorwegiantraditions,itsprinciplesresonatewithpeopleworldwideseekingrespitefromthehustleandbustleofmodernliving.Theessenceofhyggeliesinfindingjoyinthemundaneandappreciatingthesmallmoments.It'saboutlightingcandles,sittingbyafireplace,wrappingupinablanket,andsharingwarmdrinkswithlovedones.Buthyggeisnotjustaboutphysicalcomfort;it'salsoaboutemotionalwell-being.Itencouragespeopletoslowdown,spendqualitytimewithfamilyandfriends,andengageinactivitiesthatbringthemjoyandrelaxation.Inaworldthatoftenprioritizesproductivityandachievement,hyggeoffersacounterbalance,promotingself-careandmentalhealth.Thepracticeofhyggeisparticularlyrelevantintoday'sdigitalage.Withtheconstantconnectivityandinformationoverload,peopleareincreasinglyseekingwaystodisconnectandrecharge.Hyggeprovidesasimpleyeteffectivesolutionbyencouragingmindfulnessandpresence.Whetherit'shavingacandlelitdinnerwithoutdistractionsorreadingabookinacozycorner,hyggehelpscreatemomentsofmindfulnessthatcanreducestressandimproveoverallwell-being.Furthermore,hyggeisnotlimitedtopersonalindulgence;italsoemphasizescommunityandtogetherness.It'saboutcomingtogethertoshareexperiences,creatememories,andsupportoneanother.Thiscommunalaspectofhyggefostersasenseofbelongingandstrengthenssocialbonds,whichareessentialforhumanhappinessandfulfillment.Intimesofuncertaintyandisolation,thehyggelifestyleoffersacomfortingandinclusiveenvironmentwherepeoplecanconnectandsharewarmth.Theglobalpopularityofhyggecanbeattributedtoitssimplicityandadaptability.Itdoesn'trequireexpensivematerialsorelaboratesetups;rather,itfocusesontheintentionandtheexperience.Anyonecanpracticehyggebyincorporatingsmall,cozyelementsintotheirdailylives.It'saboutcreatingapersonalsanctuarywhereyoucanfeelsafe,relaxed,andjoyful.Astheworldcontinuestoevolve,thehyggelifestyleoffersatimelessandmeaningfulwaytoenhancequalityoflifeandfosteradeeperappreciationforthesimplepleasures.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?a)HyggeisaDanishtrendthatfocusesonmaterialwealthandluxury.b)Hyggeisalifestyleconceptthatemphasizescoziness,mindfulness,andtogetherness.c)Hyggeoriginatedinthe20thcenturyasaresponsetoeconomichardship.d)HyggeisprimarilyaNorwegianpracticewithnoglobalappeal.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofhygge?a)Slowingdownandappreciatingsimplemoments.b)Constantconnectivityanddigitalengagement.c)Spendingqualitytimewithlovedones.d)Creatingawarmandcomfortableatmosphere.3.Theword"respite"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Restb)Activityc)Noised)Busywork4.Whatroledoesthesecondparagraphplayinthepassage?a)Itintroducesthehistoryofhygge.b)Itprovidesexamplesofhyggepractices.c)Itdefinestheterm"hygge."d)Itdiscussestheeconomicimpactofhygge.5.Howdoesthepassagesuggesthyggecanhelppeopleinthedigitalage?a)Byencouragingtheuseofdigitaldevicesforconnectivity.b)Byprovidingawaytodisconnectandreducestress.c)Bypromotingtheideathatmoretechnologyisalwaysbetter.d)Byteachingpeoplehowtousetechnologymoreefficiently.阅读下列材料，回答第6至10题。Intherealmofartificialintelligence(AI),naturallanguageprocessing(NLP)standsoutasafieldthatenablesmachinestounderstand,interpret,andgeneratehumanlanguage.Overthepastfewdecades,NLPhasevolvedsignificantly,drivenbyadvancementsinmachinelearningandcomputationalpower.Today,NLPapplicationsareubiquitous,rangingfromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatoadvancedtranslationservicesandsentimentanalysistools.OneofthemostchallengingaspectsofNLPistheinherentambiguityandcomplexityofhumanlanguage.Unlikeformallogic,naturallanguageisoftenfilledwithidioms,metaphors,sarcasm,andcontextualnuancesthataredifficultformachinestointerpretaccurately.Forinstance,understandingthedifferencebetween"Isawthemanwiththetelescope"and"Isawthemanandhehadthetelescope"requiresadeepunderstandingofsentencestructureandsemantics.ThesesubtletiesmakeNLPahighlyinterdisciplinaryfield,drawingonlinguistics,computerscience,andcognitivescience.Despitethesechallenges,NLPhasmaderemarkableprogressinrecentyears.Techniquessuchasneuralnetworks,particularlyrecurrentandtransformermodels,haverevolutionizedthefield.Thesemodelscanprocesslargeamountsoftextdata,learncomplexpatterns,andgeneratehuman-likelanguage.Forexample,transformer-basedmodelslikeBERT(BidirectionalEncoderRepresentationsfromTransformers)andGPT(GenerativePre-trainedTransformer)havesetnewbenchmarksintaskslikemachinetranslation,textsummarization,andquestionanswering.TheimpactofNLPisprofoundandfar-reaching.Inthebusinessworld,NLPisusedforcustomerserviceautomation,marketresearch,andfrauddetection.Inhealthcare,itaidsinmedicalrecordanalysis,clinicaldecisionsupport,andpatientcommunication.Inacademia,NLPfacilitatesresearchbyautomatingliteraturereviewanddataanalysis.Moreover,NLPhasthepotentialtoenhanceaccessibilityforpeoplewithdisabilities,suchasthroughspeech-to-textconversionandtext-to-speechtechnologies.However,theadvancementofNLPalsoraisesethicalandsocietalconcerns.Issueslikedataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialdisplacementofhumanjobsarehotlydebatedtopics.EnsuringthatNLPsystemsaretransparent,fair,andbeneficialforsocietyiscrucial.Researchersandpolicymakersareworkingtogethertoaddressthesechallenges,developingframeworksandguidelinestopromoteresponsibleAIdevelopmentanddeployment.6.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?a)Theeconomicbenefitsofartificialintelligence.b)Thechallengesandadvancementsinnaturallanguageprocessing.c)Thehistoryofmachinelearningandcomputationalpower.d)TheethicalimplicationsofAIinvarioussectors.7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofhumanlanguagethatmakesNLPchallenging?a)Itsuseofformallogicandstructuredsyntax.b)Itsrelianceonidioms,metaphors,andsarcasm.c)Itsconsistencyinmeaningacrossdifferentcontexts.d)Itsextensivevocabularyandcomplexgrammar.8.Theword"ubiquitous"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Rareb)Widespreadc)Expensived)Complex9.WhathasdriventheevolutionofNLPinrecentdecades?a)Governmentregulationsandpolicies.b)Advancementsinmachinelearningandcomputationalpower.c)Theincreasingdemandforvirtualassistants.d)Thegrowthofglobaltranslationmarkets.10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofNLP?a)Itwillbecomeobsoleteduetoethicalconcerns.b)Itwillcontinuetoadvancebutrequireresponsibledevelopment.c)Itwillfocussolelyonimprovingmachinetranslation.d)Itwillreplacehumanlinguistsentirely.第二部分语言知识运用阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个最合适的词。DearAlex,Iwassodelightedtohearfromyoulastweek.Ithasbeenawhilesincewelastcaughtup,andImissourolddaysspenthikingandexploringnewplaces.Howhaveyoubeen?Ihopethisletterfindsyouingoodhealthandhighspirits.Irecentlymovedtoanewcityformyjob,andImustsay,itisquitedifferentfromwhereIgrewup.Thearchitectureisunique,andthepeopleareincrediblyfriendly.Haveyoueverbeentothispartofthecountry?Iwouldlovetohearyourthoughtsifyouhave.Additionally,Ihavetakenupjoggingasanewhobby,andIhavebeenenjoyingitimmensely.Thecityhasseveralbeautifulparks,whichprovideperfectspotsforrunning.Haveyoutriedjoggingoranyotherformsofexerciserecently?Iwouldbethrilledifwecouldmeetupsoon.Perhapswecouldgrabcoffeeandcatchuponeverythingthathashappenedinourlives.Letmeknowifyouarefreenextmonth,andwecanplansomething.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoonandhopefullyseeingyouinperson.Bestregards,Sarah第三部分写作假设你是李华，你的学校英文报正在组织一期主题为“科技与生活”的专栏。请你根据以下要点，写一篇短文投稿。1.科技在现代社会中扮演着重要角色，它为我们的生活带来了许多便利。2.然而，过度依赖科技也可能带来一些负面影响，如减少了人际交往和降低了注意力集中能力。3.我们应该以平衡的方式使用科技，既要享受它带来的好处，也要避免其负面影响。4.提出建议：多参与现实生活中的活动，与家人朋友面对面交流，培养阅读等好习惯。试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.b解析思路：文章首段提出hygge是丹麦文化概念，强调舒适、享受简单事物和享受小确幸。第二段进一步阐述hygge的核心是发现平凡中的乐趣，享受温馨氛围和情感健康。第三段说明hygge在数字时代的作用是促进正念和放松。第四段强调hygge也重视社区和团聚。最后一段总结hygge的简单性和适应性。综合来看，选项b“hygge是一种生活方式概念，强调舒适、正念和团聚”最能概括全文主旨。选项a错误，文章未提物质财富。选项c错误，文章未提20世纪起源或经济困难。选项d错误，文章说明hygge已在全球范围内受欢迎。2.b解析思路：根据文章第二段，“Slowingdown,appreciatingsimplemoments,spendingqualitytimewithlovedones,andcreatingawarmandcomfortableatmosphere”都是hygge的特征。而选项b“Constantconnectivityanddigitalengagement”（持续的连接和数字参与）与文章第三段提到的“disconnectandrecharge”（断连和充电）以及hygge强调的“mindfulness”（正念）相悖，是hygge所反对的，因此是正确答案。3.a解析思路：第一段提到“respitefromthehustleandbustleofmodernliving”（从现代生活的喧嚣和忙碌中得到的喘息）。hustleandbustle意为繁忙、喧嚣。选项a“Rest”（休息）与“respite”（喘息、休息）意思最接近。选项b“Activity”（活动）与respite意思相反。选项c“Noise”（噪音）只是hustleandbustle的一部分。选项d“Busywork”（忙乱的工作）也是hustleandbustle的体现，但不如rest准确。4.b解析思路：第二段开头提到“Theessenceofhyggeliesin...”（hygge的精髓在于...），接着列举了具体的实践方式，如“lightingcandles,sittingbyafireplace,wrappingupinablanket,andsharingwarmdrinkswithlovedones”（点蜡烛、坐在壁炉旁、裹着毯子、与亲友分享热饮）。这些具体做法是hygge实践的例子。选项a“introducesthehistoryofhygge”（介绍hygge的历史）未在第二段提及。选项c“definestheterm'hygge'”（定义hygge一词）主要由第一段和第二段开头完成。选项d“discussestheeconomicimpactofhygge”（讨论hygge的经济影响）未在第二段提及。5.b解析思路：文章第三段明确指出，“Withtheconstantconnectivityandinformationoverload,peopleareincreasinglyseekingwaystodisconnectandrecharge.Hyggeprovidesasimpleyeteffectivesolutionbyencouragingmindfulnessandpresence.”（在持续连接和信息过载的情况下，人们越来越寻求断连和充电的方法。hygge通过鼓励正念和临在，提供了一个简单而有效的解决方案。）这与选项b“byprovidingawaytodisconnectandreducestress”（通过提供一种断连和减轻压力的方法）一致。选项a错误，hygge反对过度使用数字设备。选项c错误，hygge反对认为更多技术总是更好的想法。选项d错误，文章未提hygge教人更有效地使用技术。6.b解析思路：文章首段引出NLP是AI领域使机器能理解、解释和生成人类语言的部分，并指出其应用广泛。第二段讨论NLP的挑战。第三段讲述NLP的进展。第四段说明NLP的影响。第五段讨论NLP的伦理问题。全文围绕NLP的挑战和进展展开，因此选项b“自然语言处理的挑战和进展”是主旨。选项a“人工智能的经济效益”仅涉及第四段部分内容。选项c“机器学习和计算能力的历史”未在文章重点讨论。选项d“人工智能在各个领域的伦理影响”仅涉及第五段。7.b解析思路：文章第二段提到“Theinherentambiguityandcomplexityofhumanlanguage...filledwithidioms,metaphors,sarcasm,andcontextualnuancesthataredifficultformachinestointerpretaccurately.”（人类语言的固有模糊性和复杂性……充满了习语、隐喻、讽刺和语境细微差别，机器难以准确解释。）这与选项b“其依赖习语、隐喻和讽刺”直接相关。选项a错误，文章说人类语言不像形式逻辑那样结构严谨。选项c错误，文章说人类语言在语境中意义多变，而非一致。选项d虽然正确，但不是文章强调的核心挑战，模糊性和复杂性更突出。8.b解析思路：第一段提到“NLPapplicationsareubiquitous,rangingfromvirtualassistants...toadvancedtranslationservices...”（NLP应用无处不在，从虚拟助手到高级翻译服务...）。ubiquitous意为无处不在、遍布各处。选项b“widespread”（广泛的）意思最接近。选项a“rare”（罕见的）与ubiquitous相反。选项c“expensive”（昂贵的）未在文中提及。选项d“complex”（复杂的）描述NLP本身，而非ubiquitous描述的应用范围。9.b解析思路：文章第三段指出“NLPhasevolvedsignificantly,drivenbyadvancementsinmachinelearningandcomputationalpower.”（NLP取得了显著进步，这得益于机器学习和计算能力的进步。）这与选项b“advancementsinmachinelearningandcomputationalpower”（机器学习和计算能力的进步）一致。选项a“governmentregulationsandpolicies”（政府法规和政策）未在文中提及。选项c“theincreasingdemandforvirtualassistants”（对虚拟助手的日益增长的需求）是应用之一，但不是主要驱动力。选项d“thegrowthofglobaltranslationmarkets”（全球翻译市场的增长）也是应用背景，但不是技术进步的驱动力。10.b解析思路：文章第四段描述了NLP的广泛影响，第五段则过渡到其伦理和社会问题，如隐私、偏见和就业。最后一句提到“EnsuringthatNLPsystemsaretransparent,fair,andbeneficialforsocietyiscrucial.”（确保NLP系统是透明的、公平的、有利于社会的至关重要。）并指出研究人员和政策制定者正在合作解决这些问题。这表明尽管NLP会继续发展，但需要负责任地发展。选项b“它将继续进步但需要负责任地发展”最符合文意。选项a错误，文章未说NLP会过时。选项c错误，文章提到机器翻译，但未说它是唯一焦点。选项d错误，文章未说NLP将完全取代人类语言学家。第三部分语言知识运用1.about解析思路：根据上下文，“Ithasbeenawhilesincewelastcaughtup,andImissourolddaysspenthikingandexploringnewplaces.”（自从我们上次见面以来，已经有一段时间了，我怀念我们一起远足和探索新地方的日子。）这里表示“大约多久了”，应用介词about。2.actually解析思路：空格后提到“itisquitedifferentfromwhereIgrewup.”（它和我在哪里长大的地方很不一样。）表示说话人实际上搬到了一个完全不同的地方，而不是仍然在原来的地方，用actually表示实际上、事实上。3.how解析思路：根据上下文，“Howhaveyoubeen?”（你怎么样？）是询问对方近况的常用疑问词。4.which解析思路：空格前是“parks”，是复数名词，空格后是“provideperfectspotsforrunning.”，指代前面提到的parks，关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，指代复数parks。5.you解析思路：根据上下文，“Iwouldbethrilledifwecouldmeetupsoon.”（如果我们能很快见面，我会非常高兴。）后面紧接着是原因从句，“Haveyoutriedjoggingoranyotherformsofexerciserecently?”（你最近尝试过慢跑或其他形式的锻炼吗？）询问对方的情况，主语应为you。6.