（2025年）考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试真题英语（二）真题及答案（科目代码：204）考生注意事项：1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。3.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。4.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis1fordecades,notleastbecausepeople'swidespread2toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.Askingforhelptakes3.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo.4,you'rebroadcastingyourownweakness,whichcanbe5.Youmighthave6aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelpwith.7someonestartstohelp,perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearlyefforts.Yetanother8thatyoumightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor9thepersonyougotoforhelp.Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto10forhelpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherperson11yourrequest.Youmightseesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething12aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem.To13thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyoumight14comingacrossasincompetent,there'sactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-seekersare15asmorecompetent,notless.Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia,thatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandaskingpeopleto16timesthey'dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekersgenerallyunderestimatedhow17otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgooditwillmakethehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18).Sobearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp.19,takecareoverwhoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecan'thelprightnow,avoidtakingitpersonally.Theymightjustbetoo20,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelp.1.[A]illusion[B]discussion[C]tradition[D]question2.[A]reluctance [B]ambition [C]tendency [D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention [B]talent [C]courage [D]patience4.[A]Atanytimes [B]Inotherwords [C]Byallmeans [D]Onthecontrary5.[A]unrealistic [B]deceptive [C]tiresome [D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts [B]concerns [C]suggestions [D]secrets7.[A]once [B]unless [C]although [D]before8.[A]theory [B]choice [C]factor [D]context9.[A]overpraising [B]outperforming [C]reassessing [D]inconveniencing10.[A]reachout [B]setdown [C]turnover [D]lookback11.[A]declining [B]considering [C]criticizing [D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary [B]negative [C]strange [D]impractical13.[A]explain [B]identify [C]predict [D]overcome14.[A]deny [B]forget [C]miss [D]fear15.[A]disguised [B]perceived [C]followed [D]introduced16.[A]recall [B]classify [C]analyse [D]compare17.[A]brave [B]disapproving [C]willing [D]hesitant18.[A]relaxing [B]surprising [C]rewarding [D]demanding19.[A]Thus [B]Also [C]Finally [D]Instead20.[A]polite [B]proud [C]busy [D]lazySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1U.S.customershistoricallytippedthepeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincomeviatips,suchasrestaurantservesearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly2010s,awiderangeofbusinessstandardprocessingpurchaseswithipadsandotherdigitalpaymentsystems.Thesesystemoftenpromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviouslytipped.Today'stiprequestsareoftenconnectedtothesalaryandservicenormsthatusedtodeterminewhenandhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastmerelyalwayspaythetipsafterreceivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmealaftergettingahaircutoronceapizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworthlessanincentivetoprovideit.It'sbecomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtippingtechnologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdeviceshasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservices.Customersnowroutinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptions--oftenwellabove20%ofwhattheyowe.Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessinthe1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%orhighertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflation—theexpectationofever-highertipamounts.Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkersinhistoricallytippedservices,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowasUS$2.13anhour.Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageserviceworkers.Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkerssuchascooksanddishwashers,soensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages.Somerestaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardsnot-tippingserviceshaslargelyfizzledout.Sotoincreaseemployeewageswithoutraisingprices,moreemployersaresuccumbingtotemptationsoftipcreepandtipflation.However,manycustomersarefrustratedbecausetheyfeeltheyarebeingaskedfortoohighofatiptoooften.And,asourresearchemphasizestippingnowseemstobemorecoercive,lessgenerous,andoftencompletelydisassociatedfromservicequality.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,thepracticeoftippingintheU.S.[A]wasregardedasasignofgenerosity[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters[C]wasawayofrewardingdiligence[D]wasoptionalinmostbusinesses22.Comparedwithtipsinthepast,today'stips[A]arepaidmuchlessfrequently[B]arelessoftenrequestedinadvance[C]havelesstodowithservicequality[D]contributelesstoworkers'income23.Tiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservicesasaresultof[A]theadvancementoftechnology[B]thedesireforincomeincrease[C]thediversificationofbusiness[D]theemergenceoftipflation24.Themovementtowardno-tippingserviceswasintendedto[A]promoteconsumption[B]enrichincomesources[C]maintainreasonableprices[D]guaranteeincomefairness25.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomers[B]helpsencouragequalityservice[C]isvitaltobusinessdevelopment[D]reflectstheneedtoreducepricesText2Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthService(NHS)wasvisionary:offeringhigh-quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved.Nearly75yearson,withtheUKfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatthemodelisoutofdate.Fromthelifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyofourpeers.Withmorethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasinglyinaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment;andthecostofprovidinghealthcareisincreasinglysqueezingourinvestmentinotherpublicservices.Asdemandforhealthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce-whichisalreadynearbreakingpoint—willonlybecomemoreacute.Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinthehealthandcarearewellrehearsed.Weneedtobemuchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanagingit.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceonhospitals.Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberofpeoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.Yetdespitetwodecadesofstrategiesandnumberofmajorhealthreforms,wehavefailedtomakemeaningfulprogressonanyoftheseaims.ThatiswhytheReformthinktankislaunchinganewprogrammeofworkentitled"Reimagininghealth",supportedbytenformerhealthministers.Together,wearecallingforamuchmoreopenandhonestconversationaboutthefutureofhealthintheUK,andon"urgentrethink"ofthehospitalcentricmodelweretain.Thismustbeginwiththequestionofhowwemaximisethehealthofthenation,ratherthan"fix"theNHS.Itisestimated,forexample,thathealthcareaccountsforonlyabout20%ofhealthoutcomes.Muchmoreimportantaretheplaceswelive,workandsocialise-yetthereisnoclearcross-governmentstrategyforimprovingthesesocialdeterminantsofhealth.Worse,whenpolicieslikethenationalobesitystrategyarescrapped,taxpayersareleftwiththeheftypricetagoftreatingtheillnesses,likediabetes,thatresult.Reformwantstoaskhowpowerandresourcesshouldbedistributedinourhealthsystem.Whathealthfunctionsshouldremainatthecentre,andwhatshouldbegiventolocalleaders,oftenresponsibleforservicesthatcreatehealth,andwithamuchbetterunderstandingoftheneedsoftheirpopulations?26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS[A]istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies[B]canhardlysatisfypeople'sneeds[C]canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees[D]isrivaledbyprivatemedicalservices27.Oneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareisto[A]boosttheefficiencyofhospitals[B]lightentheburdenonsocialcare[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare[D]reducethepressureoncommunities28."Reimagininghealth"isaimedto[A]reinforcehospitalmanagement[B]readjusthealthcareregulations[C]restructurethehealthsystem[D]resumesuspendedhealthreforms29.Tomaximizethenation'shealth,theauthorsuggests[A]introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfactors[C]reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes[D]enhancingthequalityofhealthcare30.Itcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould[A]exercisetheirpowermorereasonably[B]developastrongersenseofresponsibility[C]playabiggerroleinthehealthsystem[D]understandpeople'shealthneedsbetterText3Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.Ingeneral,anHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalerthospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpur'splan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetasidecoldwards"inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogiveconstructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromthecenterforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggeringthresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytimetemperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttimetemperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.Mumbai'sAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalizedwarnings,researcherssay.Thatday'shightemperatureofroughly36°Cwas1°Cshyoftheheatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Buttheeffectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidity-anoftenneglectedfactorinheatalertsystems-andthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.TohelpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerKotharkar'steamisworkingonamodelplanthatoutlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostatrisk.Suchmappingdoesn'tneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays."Ausefulmapcanbecreatedbylookingatevenafewkeyparameters."Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderlypopulationorinformaldwellingsthatcopepoorlywithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbebolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerabilitymap,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventofaheatwavethissummer.HAPsshouldn'tjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researcherssay,butalsorecommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,forexample,Kotharkar'steamhasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttreestoprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuildingregulations."Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisgoodtargettohave,butit'sthelowesttarget,"saysClimateresearchersChandniSingh.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpur'splanproposesmeasuresto[A]tackleextremeweather[B]ensureconstructionquality[C]monitoremergencywarnings[D]addressexcessiveworkloads32.OneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey.[A]provetoocostlytobeimplemented[B]lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria[C]givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves[D]keephospitalsundergreatpressure33.Mumbai'scaseshowsthatIndia'sheatalertsystemsneedto[A]includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature[B]takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves[D]drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthorities34.Kotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp[A]preventtheharmofhighhumidity[B]targetareasneedingspecialattention[C]expandtheNagpurproject'scoverage[D]makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeople35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,researchersbelievethatHAPsshould[A]focusmoreonheatstroketreatment[B]invitewiderpublicparticipation[C]applyformoregovernmentgrants[D]serveabroaderrangeofpurposesText4Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandpartsofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeoplesand,animals,togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.OhioStateUniversityalloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,thenproceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.Yet,reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpagedevotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocaldesirepathsadornedwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatedwalkways,underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlightsanongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesireforavisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNativeAmericanstocrosstheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacrosstheisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen'sStreet.FollowingtheBritishassumptionofcontrolinNewYork,thestreetwasrenamedBroadway.Notably,BroadwaystandsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherestofthecity,cuttingadiagonalacrosspartsofthecity.Inonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittleknownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarvingdirectroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimalexperiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtuallandscapes,theystandasaproofofthecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracingthespiritofcommunalchoice.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof[A]thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills[B]thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces[C]thetendencytopursueconvenience[D]thewishtofindcomfortinsolitude37.ItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity[A]intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths[B]leadsintheresearchondesirepaths[C]guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths[D]takesapositiveviewofdesirepaths38.TheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect[A]conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths[B]thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces[C]thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths[D]growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspaces39.TheexampleoftheWickguasgeckTrailillustrates[A]thegrowthofNewYorkCity[B]theDutchoriginofdesirepaths[C]theimportanceofurbanplanning[D]therecognitionofdesirepaths40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths.[A]revealhumans'deeprespectfornature[B]arecrucialtohumans'mentalwell-being[C]areahumanimitationofanimalbehavior[D]showasharedtraitinhumansandanimals PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Staypositive[E]Inviteresistance[B]Respectthepast[F]Beasalesman[C]Usechannels[G]Behumble[D]GiveittimeFiveStepstoSuggestingaChangeatWorkThat'llActuallyGetTakenSeriouslyEveryonewantstobethatperson-theonewholooksatthesameinformationaseveryoneelse,butwhoseesafresh,innovativesolution.However,ittakesmorethansimplyhavingagoodidea.Howyoushareitisasimportantasthesuggestionitself.Why?Becausewritinganewscript-literallyorfiguratively-meansthatotherteammemberswillhavetoadapttosomethingnew.Sowhetheryou'resuggestinga(seemingly)benignchangelikestreamliningoutdatedprotocol,orabiggerchangelikeaddinganhourtoeachworkdaysopeoplecanleaveearlyonFridays,you'reaskingotherstoreimaginetheirworkfloworschedule.Nottomention,iftheprocessyourscrappingisonesomeoneelsesuggested,there'sthepossibilityofhurtfeelings.Togainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:41.Greatideasdon'tstandalone.Inotherwords,youcan'tmentionyoursuggestiononceandexpectittobeadopted.Toseeachange,you'llneedtochampionyourplanandsellitsmerits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbepreparedtoexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.42.Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,it'susefultobuildacoalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreatbecauseyou'rereadyforyourstubbornsupervisor'spushbackwithanswerslike,Actually,Iconnectedwithafewpeopleinourtechdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsofwebsiteupdateswouldtake,andtheysuggestedtheyhavethebandwidth.43.Oneofthebiggestbarrierstogainingbuy-inoccurswhentheownerofanideaisviewedasargumentative,defensive,orclose-minded.Because,let'sbehonest:Noonelikesaknowit-all.So,ifpeopledisagreewithyou,don'tbeindignant.Instead,listentotheirconcernsfully,trytounderstandtheirperspective,andincludetheirconcerns(andpossibleremedies)infuturediscussions.So,insteadofsaying,"Martha,ourcurrentsloganisconfusingandshouldbeupdated,"youcouldtry,"Martharaisesagreatpointthatourcurrentsloganhasalonghistoryforourstakeholders,butIwonderifwemightabletobrainstormataglinethatcouldbuildonthatandbeclearerfornewcustomers."44.Newideasarethegrandchildrenofoldones.Inotherwords,don'tthrowoldsolutionsunderthebustomakeyourimprovementstandout.Rememberthatinlightofwhatevertheproblemtheoldsystemsolved-or,maybe,hasfailedtosolveinrecentmemory—itwasagreatideaatthetime.Appreciatingtheoldercontributionsasyousuggestfutureinnovationshelpsbolsterthecredibilityofyouridea.45.Whenpitchinganewidea,it'simportantusethelanguageofabundanceinsteadofthelanguageofdeficit.Insteadofsayingwhatiswrong,broken,orsuboptimal,talkaboutwhatisright,fixable,orideal.Forexample,try,"Icanseelotsofapplicationsforthisnewapproach"ratherthan,"Thisinnovationistheonlyway."Beoptimisticbutrealistic,andyouwillstandout.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youknowthemoment--theconversation.Slows,thenthere'sapause.It'sawkward,andsoawkwardthatsomepeoplewillpanicandsayanything.Doweallfindsuchsilencessostressful?Researchersanalysedthefrequencyandimpactofgapsgreaterthan2secondsduringconversationsincludinganoverviewofpreviousstudieswhichindicatethatthefearofawkwardsilencescanbesoextremethatpeopleavoidtalkingtostrangers,eventhoughdoingsoislikelytobeanenjoyableexperience.Duringconversationswithshotgaps,peoplefeelmoreconnectedtotheirconversationspartners.Butsuchfeelingsofconnectionmarkedlydipwhenentirelyalonggap.Longgapsbetweenstrangersarelikelytobefollowedbyachangeintopic.Buttheoppositeseemstobetrueforconversationsbetweenfriends.Longgapstheresawincreasedconnection.Betweenfriends,longergapsseemtoprovidenaturalmomentsforreflectionandexpressionSectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouareplanningashortplaybasedonaclassicChinesenovel.WriteyourfriendJohnanemailto:1)introducetheplay,and2)invitehimtotakepartinit.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"insteadPartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Writeyouranswerinabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)老年人主要休闲活动调查参考答案1.【答案】D【解析】本题考查名词辨析。四个选项的意思分别为：[A]幻觉、错觉；[B]讨论；[C]传统；[D]问题。根据文章首段首句"Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit"提及文章主题：有很多可以理解的原因来解释这一现象——当人们需要帮助时，发现很难开口求助。第2句：数十年来，心理学家一直对这一现象十分感兴趣，thisquestion即指前面提到的“人们为何难以开口求助”这个问题，选项[D]question意为“问题”，符合语境，其他均为干扰项。因此，正确答案为D。2.【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词辨析。四个选项的意思分别为：[A]不情愿，勉强；[B]雄心，报负；[3]倾向；[D]热情。根据前文"whyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelp"可知，人们向他人开口求助困难，也就是人们不情愿或不愿意向其他人求助，且because—词表示因果逻辑，其后需要接原因。选项[A]reluctance意为“不情愿，勉强”，符合语境，表明人们普遍不情愿求助会导致失败，其他选项为干扰项。正确答案为A。3.【答案】C【解析】本题考查名词辨析。四个选项的意思分别为：[A]注意力；[B]才能；[C]勇气；[D]耐心。根据第二段第2句“Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo”可知，向他人求助意味着要表达你的需要，由此可知求助需要勇气。选项[C]courage意为“勇气”，符合语境。正确答案为C。4.【答案】B【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析。四个选项的意思分别为：[A]随时；[B]换句话说；[C]当然；[D]相反。根据第2句"Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo”可知，向他人求助意味着表达自己有做不到的事，而空格后的句子紧接着提及“you'rebroadcastingyourownweaknesses”，即求助意味着在暴露自己的弱点，是对前面内容的进一步解释说明。选项[B]Inotherwords意为“换句话说”，起到解释说明的衔接作用，符合语境。正确答案为B。5.【答案】D【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。四个选项意思分别为：[A]unrealistic不现实的；[B]deceptive欺骗性的；[C]tiresome令人厌烦的；[D]uncomfortable不舒服的，不自在的。本句前半部分“you'rebroadcastingyourownweaknesses”提及求助意味着在暴露自己的弱点，而空处位于非限制性定语从句中，对前文起修饰限定作用。根据生活经验和常识，暴露自己的弱点是令人感到不舒服的。选项[D]uncomfortable意为“不舒服的”，符合语境。正确答案为D。6.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。四个选项意思分别为：[A]doubts怀疑；[B]concerns担忧，顾虑；[C]suggestions建议；[D]secrets秘密。根据空格处about后的宾语“losingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelpwith”可知，失去对所寻求帮助的事情的控制是人们担忧的问题，而非“怀疑”、“建议”或“秘密”，选项[B]concerns意为“担忧，顾虑”，符合语境。正确答案为B。7.【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]Once一旦；[B]Unless除非；[C]Although虽然；[D]Before在……之前。根据出题处的主句“perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearlyefforts”可知，占风头或者拿走功劳等情况是“有可能的”，因此从句“someonestartstohelp”是一种假设情况，选项[A]once在此处意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。正确答案为A。8.【答案】C【解析】本题考查名词辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]theory理论；[B]choice选择；[C]factor因素；[D]context背景，语境。借助“another”和“thatyoumightbeworriedabout”可知，此处在谈论另一个担忧，结合前文列举的一种人们不愿求助的担忧可知，Yetanother表示“又一个人们担忧的因素”，选项[C]factor意为“因素”，符合语境。正确答案为C。9.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]overpraising过度表扬；[B]outperforming胜过，表现优于；[C]reassessing重新评估；[D]inconveniencing。给（某人）带来不便空前有or并列连词，借助并列连词前的“anuisance”可知，前面说“担心成为别人的麻烦”，因此，or后的内容与前面的内容在语义上一致，选项[D]inconveniencing意为“给（某人）带来不便”，符合语境，表达担心给被求助之人带来不便，是nuisance的同义表达。正确答案为D。10.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]reachout寻求；[B]settledown定居下来；平静下来；[C]turnover翻转，移交；[D]lookback回顾。根据下文的“forhelp”可知，空格处需要与“帮助”一词搭配。选项[A]reachout与forhelp是固定搭配，意为“寻求帮助”，符合语境，此处指寻求帮助十分困难。正确答案为A。11.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]declining拒绝，婉拒；[B]considering考虑；[C]criticizing批评；[D]evaluating评估。借助后文提到的“Youmightseesuchrefusalsimplying……（你可能认为这样的拒绝暗示着……）”可知，空格处表示担心对方“拒绝”自己的请求，选项[A]declining意为“拒绝，婉拒”，符合语境。正确答案为A。12.【答案】B【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。四个选项的意思为：[A]unnecessary不必要的；[B]negative消极的，负面的；[C]strange奇怪的；[D]impractical不切实际的。下文的“aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem”用于修饰something，根据上文可知，当遭到拒绝后，你可能认为这种拒绝暗示着你们之间的关系并不是很好，是一种负面或消极的表现，选项[B]negative意为“消极的，负面的”，符合语境。正确答案为B。13.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词辨析。四个选项意思分别为：[A]explain解释；[B]identify识别，确定；[C]predict预测；[D]overcome克服，战胜。根据“remindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes”及前后分句的逻辑关系可知，此处表示“为了克服这些困难，试着提醒自己，每个人都有需要帮助的时候”，选项[D]overcome意为“克服、战胜”，符合语境。正确答案为D。14.【答案】【解析】本题考查动词辨析。四个选项意思分别为：[A]deny否认；[B]forget忘记；[C]miss错过；想念；[D]fear害怕，担心。根据前文对求助的描述及人们很难开口求助的情况可知，被他人看作无能（incompetent)是人们恐惧、担心的事情，comeacross意为“被理解为；给人们留下……的印象”。选项[D]fear意为“害怕、担心”，符合语境。正确答案为D。15.【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词辨析