转向架的工作原理

HowBogiesWork?TANGYangThursday,April30,2026What’sabogie?Definitionfrom:achassisorframeworkcarryingwheels,attachedtoavehicle.DefinitionfromTextbookCheLiangGongCheng(Vehicleengineering):

awheeledwagonortrolleycomprisingtwoormorewheelsetsconnectedbyspecialframeorsideframe,attachedtoavehicle.Names转向架(ZhuanXiangJia)or走行部(ZouXingBu)inChinaBogieintheUKTruckintheUSA,CanadaandMexico台车(トロリー,fromtrolley)，inJapanRolesofbogieSupportcarbodyfirmlyRunstablyonbothstraightandcurvedtrackEnsuregoodridecomfortMinimizegenerationoftrackirregularitiesandrailabrasion.DevelopmentinaxlenumberTwoaxles,onerailcarThreeaxles,onerailcarTwotwo-axlebogie,onerailcar(mostcommonforpassenger,freightcars,metro,LRTandhighspeedlocomotives)Twothree-axlebogie,onerailcar(mostcommonforfreightlocomotives)Articulatedbogie,tworailcars(TGVEMU)Morethanthreeaxlesinonebogie,ormorethantwobogiesinonerailcarDevelopmentinaxleload<10tatthebeginningofrailway.TheMaximumvalueis25tinChina,especiallyforFreightcar,32~37tinAmerica.Forpassengertrains,thelimitofaxleloadisalwayslessthan17t.Twoaxles,onerailcarTwoaxles,onerailcar(carriage)Twoaxles,onerailcar(gondola)FormoredetailsSeealso:Threeaxles,onerailcarThreeaxles,onerailcar(carriage)Twotwo-axlebogies,onerailcar(gondola)Twotwo-axlebogies,onerailcar(carriage)Threetwo-axlebogies,onerailcar(locomotive)Twotwo-axlebogies,onerailcar(Highspeedlocomotive)Onetwo-axlebogie,tworailcars(TGV)Twofour-axlebogies,onerailcar(flatcar)Fourfour-axlebogies,onerailcar(depressedcenterflatcar)EtatRailway4axledbogierailcarZZy24091isoneofthefamousBugattivehicles.Thisisoneofthe'Presidential'type.May302023

Twofive-axlebogies,onerailcar(flatcar)Foureight-axlebogies,onerailcar(schnabelcar)DevelopmentinbogiesuspensionNosuspensionOnesuspension(freightcars)Twosuspensions(mostcommoninmodernpassengercarsandlocomotives)Threesuspensions(rare,onlyforspecialpurposes)One-suspensionbogieOne-suspensionbogieTwo-suspensionbogieThree-suspensionbogieHowatwo-suspensionbogiesupportsthevehiclebody?Onesuspensionbogie

(caststeelbogie)EqualiserBarSuspensionRubberSuspensionAirSuspensionHowabogierunsonthetrack?TheshapeandlocationofwheelsandrailsonstraighttrackTheshapeandlocationofwheelsandrailsoncurvedtrackNegotiatingcurveofRailcarwithtwobogiesAmodernUKpowerbogieBogieFrameCanbeofsteelplateorcaststeel.

Inthiscase,itisamoderndesignofweldedsteelboxformatwherethestructureisformedintohollowsectionsoftherequiredshape.BogieTransomTransversestructuralmemberofbogieframe(usuallytwooff)whichalsosupportsthecarbodyguidancepartsandthetractionmotors.BrakeCylinderAnairbrakecylinderisprovidedforeachwheel.

Acylindercanoperatetreadordiscbrakes.

Somedesignsincorporateparkingbrakesaswell.

Somebogieshavetwobrakecylindersperwheelforheavydutybrakingrequirements.

Eachwheelisprovidedwithabrakedisconeachsideandabrakepadactuatedbythebrakecylinder.

Apairofpadsishungfromthebogieframeandactivatedbylinksattachedtothepistoninthebrakecylinder.

Whenairisadmittedintothebrakecylinder,theinternalpistonmovestheselinksandcausesthebrakepadstopressagainstthediscs.

Abrakehangersupportbracketcarriesthebrakehangers,fromwhichthepadsarehung.PrimarySuspensionCoilAsteelcoilspring,twoofwhicharefittedtoeachaxleboxinthisdesign.

Theycarrytheweightofthebogieframeandanythingattachedtoit.MotorSuspensionTubeManymotorsaresuspendedbetweenthetransversememberofthebogieframecalledthetransomandtheaxle.

Thismotoriscalled"nosesuspended"becauseitishungbetweenthesuspensiontubeandasinglemountingonthebogietransomcalledthenose.GearboxThiscontainsthepinionandgearwheelwhichconnectsthedrivefromthearmaturetotheaxle.LiftingLugAllowsthebogietobeliftedbyacranewithouttheneedtotiechainsorropesaroundtheframe.MotorNormally,eachaxlehasitsownmotor.

Itdrivestheaxlethroughthegearbox.

Somedesigns,particularlyontramcars,useamotortodrivetwoaxlesNeutralSectionSwitchDetectorIntheUK,theoverheadlineisdividedintosectionswithshortneutralsectionsseparatingthem.

Itisnecessarytoswitchoffthecurrentonthetrainwhiletheneutralsectioniscrossed.

Amagneticdevicemountedonthetrackmarksthestartandfinishoftheneutralsection.

Thedeviceisdetectedbyaboxmountedontheleadingbogieofthetraintoinformtheequipmentwhentoswitchoffandon.SecondarySuspensionAirBagRubberairsuspensionbagsareprovidedasthesecondarysuspensionsystemformostmoderntrains.

Theairissuppliedfromthetrain'scompressedairsystem.WheelSlideProtectionSystemLeadtoAxleboxWhereaWheelSlideProtection(WSP)systemisfitted,axleboxesarefittedwithspeedsensors.

TheseareconnectedbymeansofacableattachedtotheWSPboxcoverontheaxleend.LooseLeadsforConnectiontoCarbodyThemotorcircuitsareconnectedtothetractioneq