2026年中考复习专题八 构词法课件

专题八构词法英语的构词方法主要有四种：合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法。分类含义变化合成法由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新词构成的新词词义有变化派生法一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成新词构成的新词词义有变化转化法由一类词转化为另一类或几类词词形不变，词性变化，词义变化缩略法一个词通过缩略方法构成一个新词不改变原词义一、合成法分类例词合成名词classroom(教室)

breakfast(早餐)

overcoat(大衣)合成动词overcome(克服)

underline(在……下画线)合成形容词worldwide(全世界的)

kind-hearted(热心的)

second-hand(二手的)合成副词however(然而)

everywhere(到处)

upstairs(在楼上)合成代词herself(她自己)

nothing(没有什么)合成介词throughout(遍及)

without(没有)二、派生法(1)常用前缀前缀含义例词dis-表示“不”dislike(不喜欢)

disagree(不同意)im-impossible(不可能的)

impolite(不礼貌的)in-incorrect(不正确的)

indirect(间接的)un-unhappy(不快乐的)

unusual(不同寻常的)non-non-smoker(不吸烟的人)

non-cooperation(不合作)前缀含义例词re-表示“重复”retell(复述)

rewrite(重写)mis-表示“错误”misunderstand(误解)

mistake(错误)tele-表示“远程”telephone(电话)

telescope(望远镜)mini-表示“小”minibus(小型公共汽车)

miniskirt(超短裙)super-表示“超级”supermarket(超市)

superman(超人)inter-表示“互相”“在……之间”international(国际的)

interpersonal(人际的)(2)常用后缀分类后缀例词构成名词-oractor(演员)

visitor(参观者)

inventor(发明家)-erworker(工人)

teacher(教师)-istartist(艺术家)

scientist(科学家)-(i)anpolitician(政治家)

Italian(意大利人)-mentagreement(同意)

entertainment(娱乐)-nessillness(疾病)

kindness(善良)-tioneducation(教育)

invention(发明)分类后缀例词构成形容词-ysnowy(下雪的)

tasty(美味的)-lyfriendly(友好的)

lovely(可爱的)

-alnational(民族的)

environmental(环境的)-ed/-ingexcited(激动的)

relaxing(轻松的)-fuluseful(有用的)

careful(仔细的)-ousdangerous(危险的)

humorous(幽默的)

-lesshomeless(无家可归的)

useless(无用的)-ableenjoyable(有趣的)

reusable(可循环利用的)分类后缀例词构成动词-endeepen(加深)

widen(加宽)-izeapologize(道歉)

modernize(使现代化)构成副词-lycarefully(小心地)

quickly(迅速地)三、转化法分类例词名词→动词water(水→浇水)

hand(手→传递)形容词→名词daily(日常的→日报)

high(高的→最高水平)动词→名词look(看，瞧)

talk(谈话)

swim(游泳)形容词→动词clean(清洁的→清扫)

slow(慢的→放慢)副词→动词down(向下→打倒)四、缩略法TV＝television(电视)

ad＝advertisement(广告)

DIY＝doityourself(自己动手制作)短文填空(节选)1.(2025福建)Thirty-nineprotectorswork__________(careful)intheareatoprotectthegreatwonder.2.(2023福建)He________(real)hopesthatthesculpturehandicraftwillbepasseddowntothenextgeneration.123456789101112carefullyreally3.(2021福建)Asyoumakeyourmovements，youbreathe________(deep)andnaturallywithmeditation.4.(2025福州二检)Everyoneis________(excite)tobepartofthisoldtradition.deeplyexcited1234567891011125.(2025莆田二检)LedbyYangChunlin，adesignerfromtheMiaoethnicgroup(苗族)，over30farmersandlocal_________(work)showedlocalhand-madetraditionalclothesandshinysilverjewelry(银饰)_________(proud).6.(2025漳州二检)Inthisway，theykeepupancientfamilycultureand

___________(tradition)customs.workersproudlytraditional1234567891011127.(2025龙岩二检)InChineseculture，ifyouweartie-dyedclothes，thenyouwillbe________(luck)andsafe.8.(2025宁德一检)Strawberrytanghuluisanotherpopular_______(choose)

amongpeople.luckychoice1234567891011129.(2025厦门一检)VisitorstoChinesemuseumscanoftensee___________(wonder)examplesoflacquerware(漆器).10.(2025漳州一检)Hehaswontheheartsofpeopleof________(difference)agesbecauseofhisbraveactsandspecialcharm.wonderfuldifferent12345678910111211.(2023莆田二检)PolkcustomsofMazuincludesacrificialrituals(祭祀仪式)inMazutemples，dramaperformancesandplayingthetraditional_________(music)instrumentsandsoon.12.(2023厦门二检)Inthestory，Paddingtoniskindand___________(humor).musicalhumorous123456789101112【补充训练】一、选择填空(

)1.—Doyoulikewatching

games？—Yes.Iamabigfanofbasketball.A.USA

B.UN

C.NBA(

)2.TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge(港珠澳大桥)isconsideredasoneoftheseven

ofthemodernworld.A.wonder B.wonderfulC.wonders1234CC(

)3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedinthesamewayas“classroom”？A.visitor B.meaningfulC.raincoat(

)4.—ThoughMikeisa

boy，hecansaymanywords.—Howclever！A.two-years-old B.two-year-oldC.twoyearsoldCB1234二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Itwas________(fair)toblameherforsomethingshedidn’tdo.2.Weoftenseesome___________(home)peopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries.1234563.Itriedtotalkwiththem，butthey___________(agree)withme.