评价理论视角下哈佛大学校长巴科2019年毕业演讲的积极话语分析

)“SashaKillEwald,who’srevealinghowmarriageandparenthoodaffectswages,andhelpingusunderstandwhyeconomicinequalitypersistsacrossgenerations—andalsohowwemightbreakthecycleofpoverty”(Bacow,2019,Chapter21)Accordingtoentertain,Bacowexpressestheopportunityandwayofbreakingthecycleofpovertyandexplainsthereasonsthatwhydoeseconomicinequalitystillexist.(10)“Itwaswonderfultohearhowtheythinktheyhavechangedandmaturedduringtheirfouryearshere”(Bacow,2019,Chapter30)Bacowattributesothersthoughtstoexpandtheinterpersonalspacefordialogueandexpresshisneutralattitude,whichshowshistoleranceandobjectivity.4.4SummaryTosumup,withtheaimofpresentingintenseandpositiveemotions,Bacowusesalotofpositivewordslike"proud","optimism","privileges",etc.Asaresult,Bacowsuccessfullyexpresseshisattitudeandblessonhisaddressinaproperwayandthusconnecthimwiththelistenersclosely.5.Conclusion5.1FindingsAftercarefulcalculationbasedonappraisaltheoryanddetailanalysisfromtheperspectiveofPDA,thethesishavereachedthefollowingfindings.Firstlyisthedistributionofallappraisalresourcesinthisaddress,engagementresources(53%)arethelargestproportion,whileattituderesources(43%)occupiedthesecondproportion.Thisaddressusesanumberofpositivewords.Secondly,Amongallattituderesources,affectresourcesareemployedgreatlytoshowBacow'shumilityandsincerity;judgmentresourcesareusedtoexpressBacow'ssympathyandacknowledgement;appreciationresourcesenclosesthedistancebetweenBacowandthelisteners.Throughengagementresources,Bacowgainscooperativerelationwithhislisteners.ThemainfunctionofattitudeandengagementresourcesistomakeiteasierforlistenerstoacceptwhatBacowtriestoconvey.Thirdly,thegraduationresourcesareinadequateinthisaddress.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtostudyanduseitwhenanalyzingaddresses.Toconclude,Bacowmakesgooduseofappraisalresourcestoexpresspositiveattitudes.Besides,whenBacowintendstostrengthenthepositiveinfluenceonlisteners,hewouldusepositivewords.5.2LimitationsandSuggestionsBasedonAppraisalTheory,thethesishasconductedthePDAofBacow'saddress.Thoughitadoptsanewperspectiveandnewlanguagematerials,somelimitationsstillexist.Ontheonehand,theaddresschosenisnotfullyadequate.GraduationresourcesinthisaddressisinadequateandmoreaddressesmadebyBacowshouldbefoundtoachievemorepersuasiveconclusions.Ontheotherhand,sinceMartin'sclassifyingstandardsofMonoglossarenotsoclear,thisthesis’sdescriptionofitislimited.Thus,furtherstudycanfocusmoreonMonogloss.Inaword,specialattentionshouldbepaidtothegraduationresourcesintheanalysisofaddresses.ReferencesHabermas.(1984)Thetheoryofcommunicationaction.Halliday,MAK.(2001).Languageassocialsemiotic:Thesocialinterpretationoflanguageandmeaning.Janks,H.R.Ivanic.(1992).CLAandemancipatorydiscourse.JamesR.Martin.(1995).Interpersonnalmeaning,persuasionandpublicdiscourse:Packingsemioticpunch[J].AustralianJournalofLinguistics.Kress,G.(1996).Representationalresourcesandtheproductionofsubjectivity:Questionsforthetheoreticaldevelopmentofcriticaldiscourseanalysisinamulticulturalsociety.

Lemke,J.L.(1995).TextualPolitics:Discourseandsocialdynamics.Martin,J.R.(1999).PositiveDiscourseAnalysis:solidarityandchange.Martin,J.R,RoseDavid.(2003).WorkingwithDiscourse:Meaningbeyondtheclause.Martin,J.R,WhiteP.R.R.(2008).Thelanguageofevaluation:AppraisalinEnglish.董丹(DongDan).评价理论视角下意大利主流媒体对十九大报道的积极话语分析[J].外国语文,2019,35(04):17-23.黄会健,冷占英,顾月秋(HuangHuijian,LengZhanying,GuYueqiu).话语分析的建设性转向——从批评话语分析到积极话语分析[J].浙江工业大学学报(社科版),2007(01):1-6.黄妍(HuangYan).评价理论视阈下《发现中国》态度资源的积极话语分析[J].兰州教育学院学报,2019,35(07):88-90.李乐乐(LiLele).评价理论态度系统视角下疾病歧视事件的积极话语分析——以雷闯的演讲《一亿分之一的力量》为例[J].开封教育学院学报,2019,39(06):44-45.李王莹,刘书凝,王宏俐(LiWangying,LiuShuning,WangHongli).评价理论视角下中美英语新闻中的态度研究——以“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛报道为例[J].社科纵横,2019,34(10):81-84.刘芳芳(LiuFangfang).评价理论框架下对外媒“一带一路”新闻报道的积极话语分析[D].西安外国语大学,2019.王辉,高松(WangHui,GaoSong).评价理论视角下态度资源的比较研究[J].文学教育(上),2019(08):136-137.王京(WangJing).奥巴马总统和特朗普总统就职演讲和获胜演讲的批评话语分析[J].佳木斯职业学院学报,2019(09):162-163.王立德(WangLide).评价理论介入系统框架下“一带一路”新闻话语分析[J].河北北方学院学报(社会科学版),2019,35(04):43-47.王正(WangZheng).多模态积极话语分析框架的探索与应用——以央视“焦点访谈”节目为例[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2019,41(03):147-154.王振华（WangZhenhua).评价系统及其运作——系统功能语言学的新发展[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),2001,(6):13-20.朱永生(ZhuYongsheng).积极话语分析:对批评话语分析的反拨与补充[J].英语研究,2006,4(04):36-42.AppendixOptimisticattitudetolifeismoreimportantthananythingLawrenceS.Bacow1ThankyouverymuchMargaretforthatverygenerousintroduction.2Firstletmesaycongratulationstoourgraduates.Welcomebacktoouralumni.Goodafternoontoeveryone—colleaguesandfriends;familymembers,lovedones,andourmostspecialguest-oureminentspeaker.It’sapleasuretoaddresstoyouthisafternoonandtoofferafewreflectionsasIapproachtheendofmyfirstyearaspresident.3Irealize,however,thatI’mliterallythelastthingstandingbetweenyouandthespeechthatyou’veallactuallycometohear.So,whileIcannotpromisetobemesmerizinglyeloquent,Icanatleastpromisetobemercifullybrief.4Wegatherthisafternoonbuoyedbytheaspirationsofourgraduates—some7,100peoplewhohavedistinguishedthemselvesinnearlyeveryfieldandeverydisciplineimaginable.Wewelcomethemintothevenerableranksofouralumni,andwesendthemforthintoaworldthatisverymuchinneedofboththeirmindsandtheirhearts.5Duringmybrieftimeinoffice,ourworldhasremindedusdailyofthenecessityandtheurgencyofourwork.6Wehavewitnessedthecoarseningofpublicdiscourseandthevolatilityofnationalandinternationalaffairs.7We’vemournedwhengunviolencehascutfuturesshort,andwhengatheringsofthefaithful—Jewish,Muslim,andChristian—haveendedinbloodshed.8We’vecontinuedtoconfronttheexistentialthreatposedbyclimatechange,andwe’vereeledasextremeweatherhasdestroyedhomesandclaimedlives.9Andwe’vegrownincreasinglyawareofthescourgeofsexualharassmentandsexualassault,andhavestruggledtoconsiderhowinstitutions,Harvardamongthem,canpreventandaddressbehaviorthatthreatensindividualsandweakenscommunities.10Tobesure,thereismuchinthisworldthatrightlytroublesus.Butthere’sevenmorethatgivesuscauseforhope.11Andit’sthatspiritofhope–thewillingnessbothtoseetheworldasitis,andtoconsiderhowwecanhelpmakeitbetter–thatisinmanywaysthespiritthatdefinesthisuniversityandIbelievejoinsusalltogether.12SinceItookofficeonJuly1,I’veseenthevalueofbothknowledgeandeducationatworkintheworld.I’veseenthegoodbeingdonebyourfacultyandourstudents,byouralumni,andourstaff,andourfriends.AndI’veseenexpressionsofcompassion,andpatience,andkindness,andwisdomthathavemovedmedeeply.13IhadtheprivilegeofhelpingtocelebratemembersofourcommunitywhowererecentlysworninasnewUnitedStatescitizens—graduatesoftheHarvardBridgeProgram.Throughtheirownhardwork,andwiththegeneroushelpofvolunteerstudentandalumnitutors,theycannowenjoythefullrightsandprivilegesofcitizenship–andthefullsenseofbelongingthatcomeswithit.Itwastrulyandinspiringceremony.14Atatimewhensomanypeoplearedispiritedbythedeepdivisionsinourcountry,whenourpoliticsseemsodysfunctional,ourgraduatesaretakingupthecauseofpublicservicebyrunningforofficeinrecordnumbers.Theworldneedsthem,andtheirwillingnesstoservegivesmehope.15AsMargaretnoted,thispastyearItraveledtomeetalumniwhoarehelpingtostrengthencommunitiesinDetroit,Dallas,andHouston;inMiami,Phoenix,andNewYork;inLosAngeles,SanFrancisco,andSanDiego—inChina,Japan,andEngland—peoplewhoarenotonlylaunchingandbuildingbusinessesandcreatingopportunity,butpeoplewhoarealsoteaching,volunteering,advancingimportantlegislation,workingfornon-profits,andservingthepublicgood.16I’veyettomeetanyonewhothinksthatthisworldthatweliveinisperfect.Thisisnotapoliticalstatement.It’sequallytrueofliberalsandconservatives,DemocratsandRepublicans.

Andifyoudon’tthinkthattheworldthatweliveinisperfect,theonlywayitgetsbetterisifgoodpeopleworktorepairit.

Ourstudents,ourfaculty,ourstaffandalumniaredoingsodaily,anditmakesmesoproud.17ThisyearIhadtheprivilegetomeet,andbemovedby,notjustonebuttwoofthenation’spreeminentpoets—theUnitedStatesYouthPoetLaureate,ourownAmandaGorman,andtheUnitedStatesPoetLaureate,ourown,TracyK.Smith[gesturetoTracy,whowillbeonstage].I’vealsohadthechancetomarvelatartistswhoeverydaybreathelifeintoourcampuswiththeirperformancesandcreativework–it’samazingtoseethetalentthatisrepresentedonthiscampusandamongouralumni,ourfaculty,andstaff.18AndeverydayI’velearnedmoreabouttheremarkableeffortsofourfacultytoimprovetheworld:19AlisonSimmonsandBarbaraGrosz,aremakingsurethatthenextgenerationofcomputerscientistsispreparedtoaddresstheethicalquestionsposedbythedevelopmentofnewdigitaltechnologies;20AliMalkawiandhisHouseZero,whichisdemonstratingthepossibilitiesofultra-efficientdesignandnewbuildingtechnologytorespondtothethreatofclimatechange;21SashaKillEwald,who’srevealinghowmarriageandparenthoodaffectswages,andhelpingusunderstandwhyeconomicinequalitypersistsacrossgenerations—andalsohowwemightbreakthecycleofpoverty.Ihavealsocometoknowaboutthework...22OfConorWalsh,who’shelpingpeoplewithneurodegenerativeandneuromusculardiseaseswalkagainwithsoftexosuitsthatusethelatestrobotictechnologytohelpimprovemovement;23OfSaraBleich,who’shelpingtoaddresstheobesityepidemicbyconsideringhowchangesinpublicpolicycanreduceconsumptionofhighcaloriefoodsandsoftdrinks;24OfTonyJack,who’schanginghowcollegesthinkaboutsupportingdisadvantagedstudentsandimprovingtheirprospectsnotjustincollegebutthroughoutlife;25OfArleneSharpeandGordonFreeman,whoaregivinghopetocancerpatientsbyharnessingthebody’sownimmunesystemtotreatdisease;26OfXiaoweiZhuang,whosesuper-resolutionimagingisenablingscientiststolookinsidecellswithunprecedentedclarityandseehowmoleculesfunctionandinteract;27OfAndrewCrespo,who’sculledmassiveamountsofdatafromourtrialcourtstochangehowwethinkaboutoursystemofcriminaljustice—andhowwemightimproveit.28Ihavemetfacultyacrossourschoolswhoareexpandingreligiousliteracy;whoareexploringtheroleoftheartsinpromotingjustice;whoareconfrontingtheopioidepidemicfromeveryangle;whoareworkingtomakestateandlocalgovernmentmoreeffective.Theirworkisnothingshortofinspiring.29AndI’vecometoknowstudents–absolutelyamazingstudents.Totheparentswhoareherethankyou,thankyouforsendingtheseremarkableyoungpeopletous.Theyarenothingshortofinspiring.Interactingwiththemisoneofthegreatprivilegesoflivingandworkingonacollegecampus.AdeleandIhavehaddinnerwiththemintheHouses.We’vewatchedthemperformonthestageandontheplayingfields.I’vemetwiththemduringofficehoursandtalkedwiththemasI’vegonerunningwiththem.Ifyouspendtimewithourstudents,youcannothelpbutfeeloptimisticaboutourfuture.30ThispastweekIhadlunchwiththirtygraduatingseniors.Itwaswonderfultohearhowtheythinktheyhavechangedandmaturedduringtheirfouryearshere.Iactuallyaskthemhowisyourcurrentselfdifferentfromyour18-year-oldselfthatarrivedhereoncampus,andthestoriesweremarvelous.AndIhavewit