英语报刊选读第一章文体概述

第一章标题语言

Headlinese

第一部分文体概述

Chapter1HeadlinesFunctions/CharacteristicsHeadlinesaretheeyesofthenewsAtatimewhenthepaceoflifeisgettingfasterandfaster,everythingseemstobebiddingforpeople’sattention,thenewspapersarenoexception.Wemustknowthatthenewsstorieswhichshouldbeimportant,timely,uniqueandinterestingmustbewrittenconciselyandclearly.

AbriefintroductionofNewspaper

WhatIsHeadline（标题）Agoodheadlineinitselfisagoodpieceofbriefnews,itshouldbeWhat’stoday’sheadline?今天的头条新闻是什么？

MainstoryTopstoryconcise,expressive,andattractiveHeadlinescondensethemostimportantcontentsofthenews,whichserveasanidealguidetoreaders.LeadstoryThefunctionsofheadlines:Headlinesareasignificantpartofnewsreport.Youcanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Whenyoureadanewspaper,youusuallylookattheheadlinesfirst.1.Summarizingthestory2.Arousingthereader’sinterest3.savingthespace,beautifyingthelayout4.Indicatinghowmuchimportanceeachnewsitemhas1.Don’twastewords2.Don’twastespace!3.Neverusetwowordswhenoneisenough.

Identifythefeaturesofthefollowingheadline:

GrammarandlexicalfeaturesTherulesforthewritingofheadlines:Wanda,Baidu,Tencenttospend20byuanine-commerce

JVin5yrs

2014-08-29

,And(标点)

20b20billion(首字母)e-commerceElectroniccommerce(新造词)JVJointventure（首字母）yrsyrs（节缩词）()toare（时态省略）spendinvest(短小词)About20billionyuan($3.3billion)willbeinjectedintoanelectroniccommercejointventureformedbyDalianWandaGroupCoLtd,TencentHoldingsLtdandBaiduIncinthenextfiveyears,Wanda'schairmanWangJianlinsaidonFriday.AbriefintroductionofNewspaperHeadlineThefirststepofnewsreading---Headlinese

（标题语言）:Newspaperheadlineshave

alanguageandvocabularyoftheirownaswellastheuniquegrammaticalfeatures

(英语新闻标题有其一套独特的词汇、语法、和修辞形式)fromaspectsofwords,grammarandrhetoricaldevicesIncluding:shortwords（短小词）,shortenedwords（节缩词）,coinages（生造词）simplifiedtense,voice,punctuationheadlines新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。（1）Grammaticalfeatures（语法特点）（2）Lexicalfeatures（措词特点）（3）Rhetoricalfeatures（修辞特点）

标题的特点Featuresofheadlines

1.

Omission（省略）:省略是指省去非关键性的词语，保证标题的简短

省略:(theomissionofthefunctionwords)

：asentenceonlycontainsnotionalwords(orcontentwords实义词),omittingthefunctionones（虚词）,suchasthearticle,prep.,auxiliary,pronoun,

conj.(and)

虚词多是起结构作用的次要语言成分。标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面：Omissionofarticles/pronoun/“and”/auxiliaryverbs

第一节标题的语法特点

Grammaticalfeature1：Omission

TheMissourifairbansarodeoclownwearinganObamamask扮成奥巴马表演,美一小丑被禁演Microsoftoffers$200tokenforusediPads

[2013-09-16(Source:BBCNews)MicrosofthaslaunchedaUSmarketingofferforpeopletoexchange"gentlyused"iPadsforMicrosoftproductssuchasSurfacetablets.Thecompanyisofferingatleasta$200tokentogotowardsproductssuchastheSurfaceRTandtheSurfacePro.（平板电脑）MicrosoftisfarbehindAppleintermsofglobaltabletsalesandmarketshare.

Microsoftoffersa$200tokenfortheusediPads微软提供200美元代金券回收iPad

4.

ForObama,RacialViolenceisPersonalIssue4.UNPanelMeetsonGlobalAging

.ForObama,theRacialViolenceisaPersonalIssue对于奥巴马来说，种族暴力是个人问题AUNPanelMeetsontheGlobalAging联合国小组开会商讨全球性老龄化问题

2)连词“and”的省略(omittingconjunction“and”)Israel,HamasExchangeRocketFireasCease-Fire,TruceTalksCollapse

2014-8-20Israeliforces（以色列政府军）arecontinuingtocarryoutairstrikesintheGazaStrip,whilemilitants（哈马斯，伊斯兰抵抗运动）therefiremoremissilestowardIsraelfollowingthecollapseofpeacetalksbetweenthewarringsides.

TheIsraelimilitarysaidWednesdayitconducted30airstrikesovernight,andthatmilitantshadlaunchedsome70missilesfromthePalestinianterritory.

IsraelandHamasExchangeRocketFireasCease-FireandTruceTalksCollapse**和谈破裂以色列哈马斯再度交火**

巴勒斯坦伊斯兰抵抗运动（”HAMAS(IslamicResistanceMovement)），简称哈马斯(Hamas)，集宗教性、政治性为一体的哈马斯主张用武力消灭巴土地上的犹太复国主义者，主张建立一个以耶路撒冷为首都的独立的巴勒斯坦国。IndiaandAustraliafinalizethenuclearcooperationpact原子能合作协议.PrinceWilliamand

hiswifeKateareexpectingtheir

secondbaby3)人称关系代词的省略relativepronounisomittedPrinceWilliam,Kateexpectingsecondbaby

2014-09-082.Chineseman,daughterarrestedinallegedmarriagescam

2015-09-10

AChinesemanand

hisdaughterwerearrestedinanallegedmarriagescamPresidentXiJinpingleftBeijingTuesdayafternoonforhisUSvisitandattendanceataseriesofUNsummits.Thestatevisit,fromTuesdaytoFriday,takesXiandfirstladyPengLiyuantoWashingtonDCandtotheUShigh-techhubofSeattle,whereXiwillreachouttoawiderangeofUSsocietyincludingbusinessleaders,studentsandlocalofficials.HewillalsospendthreedaysinNewYorkCityattendingaseriesofsummitsattheUnitedNationsheadquartersmarkingthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheglobalbody.3.PresidentXileavesforUSvisit,UNsummits2015-09-22PresidentXileavesforhisUSvisitandattendsUNsummits4)语法引导词的省略omittingtheleadwordsAhardacttofollow?=Isthereahardacttofollow?5)系动词的省略(omittingthelinkverbs:suchas:be,remain,

keep,rest,,stay,lie,stand…系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语）（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况2.Threedeadafterinhalingovengas

=Threearedeadafterinhalingovengas3.UScarmakersreadytocutoutput=UScarmakersarereadytocutoutput4.EnglishteenagersworstinEurope'atlanguages=EnglishteenagersaretheworstinEurope'atlanguages“ahardacttofollow”是指“杰出而令人望尘莫及的人物或者作为”。

6)助动词的省略omittingauxiliaryverb:

can、may、has、am、were、are…助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）构成时态和语态。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。（does是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)在英文报纸新闻标题的撰写过程中，编辑们通常省去助动词“tobe”的各种时态形式，以单独一个过去分词或现在分词构成被动语态或进行时态。FinancierKilledbyBurglars

=FinancierIsKilledbyBurglars

PopetovisitJapaninFebruary

=PopeistovisitJapaninFebruary

MalaysiaIsReeling:ThereIsASecondAirDisasterinFourMonths马来西亚四个月之后再次遭受打击，第二次空难

MalaysiaReeling:SecondAirDisasterinFourMonths[2014-08-19

U.S.AttorneyGeneralResigningFromHisJob

2014.9.26美国将会有一个新的司法部长。EricHolder昨天宣布了辞职。司法部长领导美国司法部工作，这是该领域的最高等级。Holder在2009年成为第一位非裔美国人司法部长，关于他的工作有很多争议。民主党人普遍认为他的工作完成情况非常好，在公民权利方面取得了突出成就。但是在共和党派这边则受到批评称无视美国宪法。他在任上强烈支持同性婚姻及，优先考虑与投票权相关的议题。同时他还藐视国会,成为因拒绝提交一份与失败的政府计划的相关文件而被追究责任的第一位内阁成员，这一计划涉及枪支管理和墨西哥贩毒集团。TheU.S.AttorneyGeneralIsResigningFromHisJobControversial；disputable，有争议Beheldresponsible对……负责TheU.Sex-AttorneyGeneral注意：英文新闻标题中有时也会有冠词、助动词或系动词“tobe”或连词“and”。出现这些词之所以没有被省略，主要是为了使某些英语词组或习语保持完整而不得不保留这些虚词。如：1.Combatontheweb(特指：英特网）网络之战2.GunmanFleestoNingbo,WalksintoPoliceWeb

（泛指：网，法网）劫匪在宁波落网3.TBontheriseagaininLondon（固定短语：增加）伦敦地区结核病卷土重来4.Internsgetalegupinjobhunt(占上风）Practice1Addingmissingword(s)toeachoftheheadlinesbelowandtranslatetheheadlinesintoChinese1.PlanecrashatSanFranciscoAirport,2dead2.Japan’sNHKsuedoveruseofEnglishwords

3.Indiasexualharassment:Americanstudentshareshorrificexperiences4.ItalianEx-MayorMurdered5.ForecastofMexicanquakeaccurate，butignored6.SmallplaneskidsoffrunawayinPapua,Indonesia,scoresinjured1.ThereisaplanecrashatSanFranciscoAirportand2Chinesegirlsaredead韩亚航空客机旧金山失事，2名中国女生遇难2.Japan’sNHKissuedforitsoveruseofEnglishwords日本NHK因过度使用英文词汇被观众起诉3.TheIndiasexualharassment:anAmericanstudentsharesherhorrificexperiences美国大学生披露在印度遭遇性骚扰4.(An)ItalianEx-Mayor(is)Murdered.5.TheForecastofMexicanquakeisaccurate，butitisignored6.ASmallplaneskidsoffarunawayinPapua,Indonesiaandscoresareinjured1.US,RussiaWarnedofRepeatofColdWar2.LotsofFruitinChildhoodCutsAdultCancerRisk3.GreatWallatTopof“World’sNewSevenWonders”4.Japan：SkilledHandsNeeded5.ChineseStocksSinktoRecordLowamidGrowingInflationConcerns6.WhatDecliningRegistrationRateforPost-gradmean?Practice21.TheUSandRussiaareWarnedofaRepeatoftheColdWar(俄美受到警告，谨防冷战重现）2.LotsofFruitinOne’sChildhoodCutsAnAdultCancerRisk（孩提时水果摄入多，成年后癌症风险低）3.TheGreatWallisattheTopofthe“World’sNewSevenWonders”（长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首）4.Japanclaims

theSkilledHandsareNeeded(日本急需熟练工人）5.TheChineseStocksSinktoaRecordLowamidtheGrowingInflationConcerns(通胀担忧加剧，股市再创新低）6.WhatdoestheDecliningRegistrationRateforthePost-gradmean?(考研热为何降温？）新闻标题形成了自身独有的时态特点，以达到使动词既传神达意又具时间感的目的。这叫做“新闻现在时”（Journalisticpresenttense）英语报刊的新闻标题中一般不用:过去时态（pasttense)完成时态（perfecttense）过去完成时（pastperfecttense），等时态，英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：1.一般现在时(simplepresenttense)2.将来时(futuretense)3.现在进行时(presentprogressive)Grammaticalfeatures：

（2）Tense（时态）1.Simplepresent（一般现在时）isthemostcommonlyusedtenseinheadlinetogivethereaderasenseof“timeliness”throughavivid,eyewitnessaccount.目的：

1.节约过去时时常用的构成“ed”所占空间2.从形式上来增强报道的新鲜感（freshness）、现实感。（reality），和直接感（immediacy），如：

Worldoldestmandiesatage112inNYDate：2013-9-15Colombiaarrestswoman'withcocaine'inpregnancybumpDate：2013-9-12Grammaticalfeature2----时态Tense注：虽然对已发生的事件在标题中使用现在时，然而当标题出现时间状语时，动词则用过去时。

PriceSoared20%in80s80年代物价上涨20%UnemploymentinU.K.Increased

inOctober.

十月份英国失业上升Economyaddeddisappointing162kjobsinJuly美国7月新增16.万个职位：经济颓势倍感沮丧的”好消息“Date：2013-8-311:23(2)Futuretense（将来时）isalwaysindicatedbyinfinitive“to+do”,orinsimplepresenttense.1.“will+动词原形”，例Bankaccountswillbe'opentoall'inEU欧盟成员国居民可在任意成员国银行开户NextCenturywillChallengeLawofLand下世纪土地法将面临挑战2.be+动词不定式（be通常省略）更多的还是采用“联系动词be+动词不定式”结构，其中系动词be通常省略，以节省标题字数。换言之，动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作，这是因为不定式标志“to”只由两个字母构成，比一般将来时中的“will”来得少，故频频见诸英语报端。例如：MichelleObamatoreleaserapalbum[2013-08-1511:21]ItwasannouncedthatMsObama'sLet'sMove!campaignwillreleaseanalbumtitledSongsforaHealthierAmericanextmonth.The19-songcompilationtoutsthevirtuesofhealthylivingandfeaturessongtitleslikeURWhatYouEat,VeggieLuvandtheslightlylessemphaticWeLikeVegetables.Beforeanyonegetstooexcited,thealbumwillnotfeatureanysingingorrappingfromtheFirstLady.Instead,MsObamawillmakecameos

（配角）intenvideosdistributedtoschoolsinNewYorkandotherUScitiesinconjunctionwiththerecord.

MichelleObamatoreleaserapalbum米歇尔•奥巴马将发行说唱专辑SongsforaHealthierAmerica《健康美国歌》，URWhatYouEat《饮食造就你》、VeggieLuv《素食者的爱》Chinatocontinuefiscalprogram（财政计划））toaideconomy中国将继续其支持经济发展的财政政策

GoogleexecutivetoaidXiaomi‘sgrowth谷歌高管助战小米[2013-08-3010:13]

IrelandtobecomefirstEUcountrytobancigarettebranding(爱尔兰统一香烟包装，禁用品牌标志)[2013-05-2913:14](3)Presentprogressive(现在进行时)

：“V-ing”formisoftenusedtoindicateanongoingaction.

Oxfordriskingreputationbytakinginwealthyforeigners[2013-08-27]OxfordUniversityrisksunderminingitsreputationbyacceptingwealthyforeignstudentswithpoorgradesfor“purelycommercialreasons”,aninternalreportwarns.The“associatestudents”,（旁听生）whogenerallyhaveloweraveragegradesthanatypicalOxfordundergraduate,payasmuchas£13,000atermandcanstayforuptoayear.Oxfordisriskingitsreputationbytakinginthewealthyforeigners三、语态形式1.主动语态(active/positivevoice)多于被动语态(passivevoice)2.被动结构中be+过去分词中，助动词be常省略，by及动作执行者也省略目的：突出强调部分，引起读者注意Grammaticalfeature3----voice（语态）1PrincetondubbedtopcollegeinU.S.Date：2013-9-1414:43U.S.News&WorldReporthasnamedPrincetonUniversitythebestcollegeintheUnitedStates,withtheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeleythetoppublicschool,atNo.20overall.Themagazine'sannuallist,publishedTuesday,saidHarvardUniversitywastheNo.2schoolinthecountry,withYaleUniversityroundingoutthetopthree.2.TopPakistanjudgedismissedafterrefusingtotakeoath3.PakistaniHumanRightsLawyerMurdered巴基斯坦首席法官拒绝宣誓被罢免全美大学排行榜出炉普林斯顿大学登顶巴基斯坦人权律师被谋杀Grammaticalfeature4----Punctuation（标点符号）1.Comma(逗号)

:isusedtoreplace“and”forspace-saving(取代and,节约标题空间)EbolaBringsSickness,Fear,Anger

Ukraine

andRussiaareUnitedinFaithbutDividedinPolitics信仰使乌克兰与俄罗斯联合起来，政治使两者决裂PresidentXiJinping(R)meetswithDenmark'sPrimeMinisterHelleThorning-SchmidtinBeijing,Sept9,2014.[Photo/Xinhua]XicallsformorestrategictrustbetweenChina,US2014-9-10China,Denmarkpledgeclosercooperation2014-9-102.dash(破折号---):交代引用的来源，说话者的身份，标明引语本身的重要性，使标题更为直接、真实UStoaccept10,000Syrianrefugees---WhiteHouse

2015-09-11

TheUSistoaccept10,000Syrianrefugees,saystheWhiteHouseWASHINGTON-PresidentBarackObamahasdirectedhisadministrationtopreparetotakeinatleast10,000Syrianrefugeesoverthenextyear,theWhiteHousesaidonThursday.ItisthefirstspecificcommitmenttheUnitedStateshasmadetowardincreasingitsacceptanceofrefugeesfromthewar-torncountry.SincethestartoftheSyriancivilwarin2011,theUnitedStateshastakenin1,500refugees,with300moreexpectedtobeclearedbyOctober.ButrefugeeadvocatesandsomemembersofCongresssaidtakinginanadditional10,000refugeesdidnotgofarenoughtowardaddressingthehumanitariancrisistriggeredbythewar,whichhaspromptedamassiverefugeeinfluxintoEurope.

：

Obamaannounces‘broadcoalition’tofightIslamicStateextremistgroupUSspiestoremain'interested'inforeigngovts:

Obama2014-01-20奥巴马：美国情报机构将继续监听外国政府

TheUSintelligenceservicewillcontinuetospyonforeigngovernments,PresidentBarackObamasaidinaninterviewbroadcastSaturday,althoughheassuredChancellorAngelaMerkelthathewouldnotletintrusivesurveillanceharmtheirrelationship..3.U.N.:Worldpopulationtoreach8.1Bin2025Date：2013-6-14UNITEDNATIONS(AP)—TheUnitedNationsforecastThursdaythattheworld'spopulationwillincreasefrom7.2billiontodayto8.1billionin2025,withmostgrowthindevelopingcountriesandmorethanhalfinAfrica.By2050,itwillreach9.6billion.4.question

mark

(问号?)

Didordidn‘tshe?Beyoncéquestionedonlip-sync（对口型）碧昂丝被指在奥巴马就职典礼假唱WasShakespeareataxdodger?研究曝莎翁另一面：饥荒囤粮逃避税收Isyournameacareerkiller?报告称名字也会影响职场升迁Blamethename:BeingaWayne,likeRooneypictured,canmakeitmoredifficultforpeopletogetajoborapromotion.注意：印刷形式上，美国报刊新闻标题中每个实词的首字母通常都大写(thefirstletterofeachcontentwordiscapitalized)，而英国及其联邦国家和地区往往仅整个标题的第一个词的首字母大写(onlytheinitialletterofthefirstwordiscapitalized.)BurmeseStudentsHailNobelWinnerFromLosAngelesTimesRevealed:Therushtowar

FromTheGuardianPractice:turnthefollowingcompletesentencesintonewsheadlines1.Anotedbankerwasfounddeadinhisgarage.2.Fourpeoplewerekilledinanassassinationattempt3.Crudeoilpricesaresoaringrockethighatpresent.4.Theworkersinthatareawerecheckedaftertheradiationleak.5.AmassiveblackouthitpartsofMacaoonTuesday,leavingthousandsofpeopleinthecitywithoutpowerforawhileBankerfounddeadingarageFourkilledinassassinationattemptCrudeoilpricessoaringWorkerscheckedafterradiationleakMassiveblackouthitsMacaoEx-official:

EvidencedistortedforwarG8Leaderswillmeetoneconomy,worldaffairsIOC:

OlympicsnottarnishedbyscandalsApplelaunchesnewiphones;Applelaunches5s/5cAttackerKilledAfterTryingtoStabIsraeliPoliceman

PalestinianssayvoteFridayonsettlementsStocksonconstantdecline5,500UStroopsinAfghanistanbeyond2016'enough':Pentagon措辞特点(Lexicalfeatures)英文新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数提示新闻内容1.One–syllablewords/Shortwords(单音节短小词）2.Acronyms/

initials（缩略词）3.Abbreviations/shortenedwords（节缩词）4.Journalisticcoinage（生造词）5.foreignwords/loanwords(外来词/借词第二节标题的措辞特点一、大量选用简短词（One–syllablewords/Shortwords）：节省版面，避免移行；小词词义范畴广且生动形象，被称为“万能同义词”（synonymsofallwork）1.Allowancetobecutin200000familiesAllowancetobereducedin200000families政府削减津贴，波及廿万家庭2.ReshufflesaxesFrance’scabinetReshufflesreducesdramaticallyFrance’scabinet法国政府改组，内阁成员锐减3.Russia'sPutinandWifeAnnounceSplitRussia'sPutinandWifeAnnouncegettingdivorced俄总统普京夫妇宣布离婚《越狱》男主角米勒出柜抗议俄罗斯反同政策criticize2.UNaviationagencyhailsDutchreportoncrashofMH17

Date：2015-10-14

UNITEDNATIONS-TheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)onTuesdaywelcomedtheDutchSafetyBoard'sfinalreportaboutinvestigationintocrashofMalaysianAirlinesflightMH17,UNspokesmanStephaneDujarrictoldreportershere.….TheMalaysianAirlinesflightMH17crashwascausedbyaBukmissilesystem,concludedtheDutchSafetyBoardinoneofitsfinalreportspublishedTuesday.DutchSafetyBoardledtheinvestigationintothecauseoftheaircrash.TheBoeing777MalaysianAirlinesflightMH17crashedineasternUkraineonJuly17lastyearonitswayfromAmsterdam,theNetherlands,toKualaLumpur,Malaysia.All298peopleonboarddied.

ICAO国际民航组织welcome3.USLawmakersClashOverFateofChildrenCrossingBorderCAPITOLHILL—U.S.lawmakersareclashingoverwhetherCongressneedstomakechangestoalawsignedin2008toprotectchildvictimsofsex-trafficking（非法交易）.TheWilliamWilberforceTraffickingVictimsProtectionactisnowprovidingthelegalfoundationtohalttheimmediatedeportation驱逐出境ofthousandsofunaccompaniedchildrenfromCentralAmericawhoarecrossingtheborderintotheUnitedStates.Disputecontroversy美国立法者对于儿童穿越边境后的命运发生争执鉴于埃及目前的民主和人权状况，美国政府决定暂停部分对埃及军方所支持政府的援助，包括交付坦克、战斗机、直升机和导弹，以及2.6亿美元的经济援助。U.S.topartiallycut

aidtoEgypt4.ChinaSplitsWithRussiaOverUkraine

5.ChinapledgescontinuingtieswithEU2014-09-66.RussiavowstorespondtonewEUsanctions2014-9-67.EnvoysmeetinMinskforUkrainecrisistalks2014-9-58.Ukrainiangov't,insurgentsinkceasefiredealinMinsk2014-9-5

disagreesPromises,diplomaticrelationsdeterminesAmbassadors,negotiationGovernment,sign,agreementShortWordsforLongWordsassistanceaidagreementpactpurposeaimendeavortrycapturenabterminateendinvestigateprobecriticize/explosionblastprohibit/forbidbancontrol/limitcurbPublicize/expressairPreventfromfoilDisagreementstronglyClash/feudreductioncut

envoy＝ambassador（大使）

fake＝counterfeit（赝品；骗局）

fete=celebration[庆祝（活动）]

nip＝defeat（击败）

flop＝failure（失败）

freeze＝stabilization[（物价、工资等）冻结；平抑]

glut＝oversupply（供过于求）

set＝ready（准备）

snag＝unexpecteddifficulty（意外障碍；意外困难）

stance＝attitude（立场，态度）

step＝progress（进程；进步）

strife＝conflict（冲突；矛盾）

ties＝（diplomatic）relations[（外交）关系]见课本P9-102.节缩词（shortenedwordsorabbreviation）

通过“截头或去尾”(cippingorshortening)发法将一些常用的名词、形容词缩短，旨在节省标题间。1.52websitesprobedforpublicationofporn,violence2014-06-062.ChinabansWindows8fromgovtcomputers

3.NewdormsinUStakeshapeformorestudents2014-04-284.Malaysiaaskshelponpassengers'info5.

Heavyrainexpectedinquakeareas6.Twodeadfromrareavianflu

Probed=Investigated,Porn=pornography色情文学Bans=prohibited;Govt=government政府Dorm=dormitory宿舍Info=information信息Quake=earthquake地震Flu=influenza流感7Intlspaceagenciesagreetocooperateonclimatechange2015-9-218.Ex-FIFAref'sprisontermcutbyoneyear2014-07-03Intl=internationalAformerChineseFIFArefereehasreceivedaone-yearreductioninhisprisonsentenceforgoodbehavior,aBeijingcourtsaidonWednesday.LuJun,55,attendedasentence-reductionhearinginacourtroominYanchengPrison,Hebeiprovince.LuhadbeensentencedtofiveyearsandsixmonthsinprisoninFebruary2012foracceptingmatch-fixing

踢假球bribestotaling810,000yuan($130,400).HewasscheduledtobereleasedonSept2,2015.Referee;reduced9.Francelaunchesglobaldriveforclimatedeal

(2015-10-19(TheTimes)10.Swisselections:immigrationfearssettoboostrightwingpopulists(2015-10-19/TheTimes)

Campaign;agreement/transactionApprehension;increase1.留头去尾hospitalhospcelebritycelebpornographypornpicturepicdormitorydormprofessionalprodepartmentdeptexpositionexpobachelorbachhomosexualhomochampionChamprepresentativerepvictory(胜利)vicveteran(老兵，有经验的)vetuniversityUnimemorandummemosecretary(秘书)secfraternity友爱Fratbusinessbizadvertisementad2.截头留尾Cello=violoncello大提琴Chute=parachute降落伞Copter=helicopter直升机Quake=earthquake地震Dozer=bulldozer推土机Wig=periwig假发

3.截去首尾，保留中间

Flu=influenza流感Fridge/frig=refrigeratorTec=detective

4.截去中间，保留首位nat’l＝national(全国的)

com’l＝commercial(商业的；广告)

c’tee＝committee(委员会)

C’wealth＝Commonwealth(英联邦)

govt/gov’t＝government(政府)inforport=informationairport（信息港）Japs=Japanese

Maglevtrain=magneticlevitationtrain（磁悬浮列车5.不规则裁剪Aussie=Australian澳大利亚人Bookie=bookmaker编者Hanky=handkerchief手帕telly=television电视见课本12-14.SpecialExpression/Jargon（行话、术语）TerminologyMeaningTerminologyMeaningleftandright左派和右派lashout强烈抨击bullmarket多头市场/牛市dove鸽派bearmarket空头市场/熊市hawk鹰派FAQ（FrequentlyAskedQuestion）；常见问题term任期kickoff开始MI-5,MI-6英国情报机构3.Initials/Acronym(首字母缩写)1.SingaporePMtovisitChina[2014-09-11

2.NZlookingtogrowco-opduringChineseFM'svisit3.NatotroopskilledinAfghanistan2013-9-22NATO

：NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(北大西洋公约组织)北约军人在阿富汗被杀PM：PrimeMinisterNZ:NewZealandFM:ForeignMinisterNSA文件显示美监听其欧洲盟国NASA选拔宇航员，半数为女性国际足联决定布拉特等人停职90天FBI：联邦调查局（FederalBureauofInvestigation）WHO：

世界卫生组织theWorldHealthOrganizationHIV:艾滋病病毒（humanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺乏病毒）CIA:中央情报局（CentralIntelligenceAgency）

IS:

伊斯兰国(IslamicState)10.

IOCAnnounces2024OlympicContenders

2015-09-16

11.Obama:GOPbudgetcriticsholdingUS‘hostage'[2013-09-2210:15视频:STEM

IOC:国际奥林匹克委员会（InternationalOlympicCommittee）奥巴马怒斥共和党：“把整个国家挟持为人质GOP=GrandOldParty（大佬党，美国共和党的别称）奥委会宣布2024年奥运五大候选主办城市经常出现的首字母缩略（initials)）主要分为三类：

1）组织机构等专有名称，如：NPC=theNationalPeople’sCongress（全国人民代表大会）UNESCO＝UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization（联合国教科文组织）IMF＝InternationalMonetaryFund（国际货币基金组织）ASEAN＝AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

（东南亚国家联盟：“东盟”）GATT＝GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(关贸总协定）GOP＝Grand0ldParty[（美国）共和党]

2）常见事物的名称，如：AIDS=AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome）（获得性免疫缺乏综合症；艾滋病）HIV=Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus（人类免疫缺乏病毒，艾滋病病毒）

UFO＝UnidentifiedFlyingObject

（不明飞行物：“飞碟”）

DJI＝Dow-JonesIndex

（道·琼斯指数）

PC＝personalcomputer

（个人电脑）

ABM＝anti-ballisticmissile

（反弹道导弹）NMD=NationalMissileDefense(国家导弹防御系统)Initials/Acronym(首字母缩写)3）表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，如MP=memberofparliament（国会议员）PM＝primeminister（总理；首相）DM=defenseminister(国防部长）FM=foreignminister(外交部长）CEO=chiefexecutiveofficer(首席执行官）

GM＝generalmanager（总经理）

VIP＝veryimportantperson（要人）

TP＝trafficpoliceman（交通警察）

PA＝personalassistant（私人助理）英语新闻报刊词汇的显著特色之一就是经常掺用外来语，尤其是新闻报道中记者提及外国的或新近出现的事物时，一、想使外国读者有亲切感，也为引起本国读者的兴趣与注意；(theyarenovelandappealingtothereaders.)

二、英语中找不到对应词来确切表达或更贴切地表达某词语的内涵(there’snoanycorrespondingwordintheotherlanguage)

有些外来语，由于经常使用或使用时间已久，已经完全英语化。.4loanwords/ForeignwordsIfyouspeakEnglish,youareamasterofmanytongues(fromChristianScienceMonitor,2001/1/2)

Howmanylanguagesdoyouspeak?One,maybetwo,yousay?Wrong!IfyouspeakEnglish,youusewordsfromatleast35foreignlanguages.Wantproof?Readthenexttwosentencesoutloud:

“Janesawababysquirreleatingketchupleftoutafteryesterday’sbarbeque.Althoughshewasstillwearinghercottonpajamas,shehurriedoutsidetochasethecreatureaway.”There.Youjustspokesevenlanguages---countingEnglish.“Baby”comesfromaDutchwordspelledthesameway.“Squirrel”isFrench.“ketchup”originatedinMalay.“Barbeque”wasborrowedfromCaribbeanIndians.“cotton”wasfirstanArabicword.And“Pajamas”wastakenfromtheUrdu（乌尔都语）languageofIndia.Surprised?1.ReforminghukouwillunifyrightsofmigrantsDate：2013-8-11(theAtlantic)2.SumorunforcharityRunnersdressedininflatableSumocostu