10 专题十　动词的时态 学案 2025年中考英语语法精讲（人教版）

专题十动词的时态(过去完成时与过去将来时仅作理解要求)知识点1一般现在时谓语动词形式用法例句动词原形或第三人称单数(be动词用is,am,are;其他动词用原形或第三人称单数形式)表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作Ioftengotoschoolatseven.我经常在7点钟去上学。表示主语的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态Helookslikehisfather.他看起来像他爸爸。表示客观事实或普遍真理Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,从句中表将来动作或状态用一般现在时Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillleave.如果明天不下雨,我将离开。按时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,take,return,begin,come等动词TheplanetoBeijingtakesoffat5:30.前往北京的飞机于5:30起飞。(动词第三人称单数的变化规则见专题七)【学以致用】 1.(2022·湖北武汉)—Idon’tthinksixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtodrive.—I_______.It’snotsafe.

A.agree B.agreedC.willagree D.hadagreed2.(2022·上海浦东新区模拟预测)Someadults_______tothehospitaltohaveaphysicalcheckuponceayear.

A.go B.havegoneC.aregoing D.went3.(2022·贵州铜仁)—Yourson’sdreamwillcometrueaslongas_______.

—Ihopeso.A.hewillstudyhard B.he’sstudyinghardC.hestudieshard D.hestudiedhard4.—Whatdidyoulearninthephysicsclasstoday?—Theteachertoldusthatlight_______faster

thansound.A.travels B.willtravelC.traveled D.hastraveled5.—Whatistheloudspeaker(广播)saying?—It’ssayingthetraintoBeijing_______at11:00a.m.

A.leaves B.wouldleaveC.left D.hasleft知识点2一般过去时谓语动词形式用法例句be(was/were);动词的过去式(did)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态Imethiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇见他了。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,常和often,always等频度副词连用Heoftenwenttoschoolbybuslastterm.上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。时间标志:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight/week/year,amomentago,justnow,then,in2000,whenhewasveryyoung…(动词过去式的变化规则见专题七)【要点提醒】“usedto+动词原形”表示过去的习惯或状态。如:Momusedtotellusstories.妈妈过去常给我们讲故事。【学以致用】 1.Nooneknowsexactlywhat_______butseveralpeoplehavebeenhurt.

A.happens B.happeningC.willhappen D.happened2.(2023·四川泸州)—Whichteacherwillyoumissthemostaftergraduation?—Mrs.Chen.SheencouragedmealotwhenI_______theEnglishexam.

A.fail B.wasfailingC.failed D.havefailed3.(2022·西藏)WiththeeffortsofChinesegovernment,China_______absolutepoverty

(绝对贫困)in2021.A.end B.isendedC.ended D.wasended4.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨)WangYaping,thefemale(女性的)Chinesespacewalker,_______herfirstspacewalkinNovember,2021.

A.hasbegun B.begins C.began5.China_______40goldmedalsattheParis2024SummerOlympicsintotal.

A.wins B.iswinningC.won D.willwin知识点3一般将来时谓语动词形式用法例句will/shall+动词原形(shall用于第一人称);be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形;beaboutto+动词原形;be(is/am/are)+doing(部分动词)表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态MyfriendswillgotoAmericaintwodays.两天后我的朋友们将去美国。Look!It’sgoingtorain.瞧!要下雨了。表示按计划、打算要做的事,多用begoingtoI’mgoingtoclimbthemountainthisafternoon.今天下午我打算去爬山。表示“即将做”或“马上做”一般用beaboutto+动词原形”Weareabouttoleave.我们就要走了。现在进行时有时可用来表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(仅限少数动词:go,come,leave,arrive,take,have等)Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty?你们有多少人要来参加晚会?时间标志:tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inafewdays/in+时间段,inthefuture,fromnowon,soon…【学以致用】 1.He_______adentistwhenhegrowsup.

A.isgoingtobe B.isC.hasbeen D.was2.(2023·江西)I’vejustgottwotickets!I_______toseethenewmoviewithTony.

A.go B.wentC.willgo D.havegone3.(2022·四川乐山改编)There_______avolleyballmatchbetweenClass1andClass2thisafternoon.

A.isgoingtobe B.isgoingtohaveC.aregoingtohave D.aregoingtobe4.—WouldyouliketocometohavelunchthisSunday?—I’msorry.I_______thechildrentothezoo.

A.take B.amtakingC.took D.havetaken5.—Youarebusythesedays?—Yes.Thenewschoolyear_______.Ihavetoprepareforit.

A.begins B.isabouttobeginC.began D.hasbegun知识点4现在进行时【学以致用】 1.—Tom,whereisyoursister?—Oh,she_______aplaybyShakespeareinherbedroom.

A.willread B.readsC.isreading D.hasread2.(2021·四川凉山)—Don’tmakenoise!Thechildren_______online.

—Sorry,Iwon’t.A.study B.arestudyingC.studied D.werestudying3.(2023·河北)Somestudents_______taichioverthere.Let’sgoandjointhem.

A.play B.playedC.areplaying D.wereplaying4.—Theclassroomissoquiet.—Yes,allthestudents_______forthefinalexam.

A.prepare B.preparedC.willprepare D.arepreparing5.Hurryup!Mr.Brown_______forusinthemeetingroomatthemoment.

A.iswaiting B.willwaitC.waited D.haswaited知识点5过去进行时谓语动词形式用法例句was/were+现在分词(doing)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作(动作发生的时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表示)IwaswatchingTVateighto’clocklastnight.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。ShewasreadingbooksalldaylastSaturday.上周六她一整天都在看书。与always,forever等词连用,表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感Hewasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.他老是怨这怨那。时间标志:atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at9:00lastnight,fromninetotenlastnight,when/while引导的时间状语从句等【学以致用】 1.—Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonelastnight?—I’mterriblysorry.I_______toaconcertandmyphonewasoffatthattime.

A.amlistening B.listenedC.waslistening D.werelistening2.I_______aletterwhenIreceivedacallfromher.

A.write B.waswritingC.wrote D.amwriting3.Atthistimeyesterday,she_______inheroffice.

A.worked B.wouldworkC.wasworking D.works4.He_______withourteacherwhenIsawhim.

A.wastalking B.talksC.hastalked D.willtalk5.—Whydidn’tAlicecometothepartylastnight?—Becauseshe_______onlineclassesatthattime.

A.takes B.tookC.wastaking D.hastaken知识点6现在完成时谓语动词形式用法例句have/has+过去分词表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihaveseenthefilmalready.我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)表示过去开始的动作或状态,一直持续到现在乃至将来(谓语常用延续性动词,与sofar,since/for…连用)Ihavestudiedintheschoolsince2019.自从2019年我就在这所学校学习。时间标志:already,just,yet,sofar,uptonow,ever,sincethen,in/duringthepast…years,“since+过去时间点”,“since+从句(一般过去时)”,“for+时间段”…(动词过去分词的变化规则见专题七) 【要点提醒】1.have/hasbeento,hasgoneto与have/hasbeenin(讲解详见第一编八下Units9—10知识点1)2.延续性动词与瞬间性动词延续性动词和瞬间性动词都可以用在现在完成时中;当现在完成时有时间状语或时间状语从句时,瞬间性动词要转化成对应的延续性动词;瞬间性动词的否定形式可以和一段时间状语连用。如:HehasbeenawayfromWuhanforseveralyears.(此时就是把瞬间性动词leave转化成了beaway)Katehasn’tlefthomeforthreedays.凯特已有三天没有出门了。3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:Iboughtaticketyesterday.我昨天买了一张票。(强调我昨天做的一件事是买票)Ihavealreadyboughtaticket.我已经买了一张票。(强调我已经有票了,无须再惦记票的事了)【学以致用】 1.(2022·四川遂宁)—