专项02　代词 学案（含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项二代词河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,代词是河北中考的必考点,侧重考查人称代词的主格和宾格、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法辨析等内容。从命题形式来看,题型多为单项选择或词语运用,难度较低。预计2025年河北中考会在短文填空中对其进行考查。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考查角度考题设置分值人称代词、物主代词与反身代词202432名词性物主代词his/mine/hers/yours1分79人称代词宾格he→him1分202332反身代词myself/himself/herself/yourself1分74形容词性物主代词he→his1分202431人称代词宾格me/you/him/her1分71名词性物主代词my→mine1分202332名词性物主代词His/Mine/Hers/Yours1分74形容词性物主代词she→her1分202332形容词性物主代词my/your/her/his1分77人称代词宾格we→us1分202426名词性物主代词his/hers/mine/yours1分77人称代词宾格I→me1分Ⅰ.单项选择❶(2024·河北)—Mary,isthisyoursister’ssmartwatch?—No,ispink.

A.his B.mine C.hers D.yours❷(2023·河北)—Wheredidyougetthetoycar?—FromBetty.Shemadeit.

A.myself B.himselfC.herself D.yourself❸(2024·河北)Whereisyourbrother?Iwanttogiveabook.

A.me B.you C.him D.her❹(2023·河北)Thisisn’tmydictionary.isoverthere,onthedesk.

A.His B.Mine C.Hers D.Yours❺(2023·河北)Nancy,carrotsaregoodforeyes.Eatsome,please.

A.my B.your C.her D.his❻(2024·河北)—Myrulerisbroken.CanIborrow?

—Ofcourse.Hereitis.A.his B.hers C.mine D.yoursⅡ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2024·河北)Jumpingwithjoy,LinFangrushedtomeet(he).

❷(2023·河北)In(he)firstclass,heaskedustodrawapictureofourselves.

❸(2024·河北)Mrs.Zhangismyneighbor.Herhouseisnextto(my).

❹(2023·河北)Sheloves(she)job.

❺(2023·河北)Togetherthethreeof(we)wrapped(包)thedumplings.

❻(2024·河北)Beforeleaving,hegave(I)aphotoalbum.

考点一指示代词指示代词的基本用法单数复数用法this这个these这些指较近的人或物that那个those那些指较远的人或物【注意】(1)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。如:ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=thepopulation)(2)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。如:Hello!ThisisBob.Whoisthat?你好,我是鲍勃。请问是哪位?(3)指前面刚刚提到过的事。如:Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.他生病了。那就是为什么他没去上学。用适当的指示代词填空❶Thegamesinthe2024ParisOlympicswerealittlebitdifferentfromintheTokyoOlympics.

❷ThepopulationofYakeshiissmallerthanofHailaer.

❸—Whatarearoundus?

—Ithinktheyareroses,akindofflower.考点二人称代词、物主代词与反身代词❶人称代词(1)人称代词的种类人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit(2)人称代词的用法用法示例人称代词作主语时用主格Shewaslateforclasstoday.今天她上课迟到了。作动词或介词的宾语时用宾格MissSmithisverykind.Wealllikeher.史密斯小姐很和蔼。我们都喜欢她。作表语时用宾格—Whogaveoutthenews?谁把消息发布出去的?—It’sme.是我。(3)it的用法用法示例指代上文中出现过的同一事物—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?你认为这部电影怎么样?—Terrific.Ilikeitverymuch.太好了。我非常喜欢它。(it指代上文中的themovie)作形式主语或形式宾语Itisreallyhardforthemtoclimbsuchahighmountain.对他们来说爬这么高的山真的很难。代替指示代词this或that—What’sthis?这是什么?—It’sapencil.这是一支铅笔。指婴儿或不明身份的人Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.有人在敲门。请过去看看是谁。表示时间或季节—What’sthetimenow?现在几点?—It’steno’clock.10点。表示天气—What’stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样?—It’sfine.晴朗。表示距离Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?从你学校到你家有多远?❷物主代词(1)物主代词的种类类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(2)物主代词的用法用法示例形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能置于名词前作定语Iamoldenoughtowashmyclothesbymyself.我已经长大了,可以自己洗衣服。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,句法功能与名词相同,其后不能再接名词Lucy’sstrawberriesarefresherthanmine.露西的草莓比我的新鲜。(mine=mystrawberries)Thisbagishis.Where’shers?这个书包是他的。她的在哪里?❸反身代词(1)反身代词的种类人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself(2)反身代词的用法用法示例作宾语(及物动词或介词的宾语),表示动作承受者是动作执行者自己Letmeintroducemyself.让我介绍一下我自己。作表语I’mnotquitemyselfthesedays.这些日子我不太舒服。作主语或宾语的同位语,起加强语气的作用,表示“亲自”Theboyhimselfmadethemodelplane.这个模型飞机是这个男孩自己做的。重要词组helpyourselfto...请自便;byoneself独自;enjoyoneself玩得高兴;beoneself做自己;dressoneself给自己穿衣服;teachoneself自学Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的人称代词并用其适当形式填空(可重复使用)he,we,they,it,she❶MissLi,ahumorousteacher,taughtmathslastterm.Wealllikeher.

❷Thetworichbrothers,OliverandRoderick,gaveTomaletterandtoldnottoopenituntiltwoo’clockoftheday.

❸Intheexperiment,eachchildwasleftaloneinaroomforfifteenminuteswithamarshmallowonatableinfrontof.

❹—Whoisthebabyinthepicture?—Oh,ismylovelysister.

❺Lilylikesmathsverymuch,butisteachingEnglishinaprimaryschool.

❻Moneyisveryimportanttous.Butisnotasimportantashealth.

❼—DoyoulovethepoemsbyLiQingzhao?—Yes,alittle.ButIpreferthosebyDuFubecausecancheermeup.

Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶—Jane,isthisschoolbag(you)?

—No,it’sLily’s.(I)isonthechair.

❷—Boysandgirls,whatcanwelearnfromRobinsonCrusoe?—Weshoulddependon(we)whenwemeetdifficulties.

❸Yourschoollibrarylooksasmodernas(we).Canyoushowmearound?❹—WillanyonetraveltoQingdaoalongwithyou?—No.I’llgothereby(I).

❺Thesetwoboysenjoyreading.Theyaretalkingabout(they)favoritewriters.❻Duringthehardtime,thevolunteerdid(she)besttohelpotherpeople.❼Teachersoftensaythatteenagersshouldlearntolookafter(they).

❽—Mybestfriendismorepopularthanme.Iwanttobelikehim.—It’snotnecessarytobethesame.Youshouldjustbe(you).

❾Don’ttouchthemachine,children,oryoumayhurt(you).

❿Oncewemake(we)owndecision,wewillberesponsiblefortheresult.

Damingisbusymakingalistofthingsfor(he)campingtripnow.

考点三不定代词❶不定代词的定义及分类不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫作不定代词,兼有名词和形容词的功能,在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。❷普通不定代词(1)both与all,neither与none,either与any,each与every不定代词两者三者或三者以上both/all都both作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:BothofJohn’sparentsaredoctors.约翰的父母都是医生。all作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:Allwerepresentatthemeeting.全都到会了。neither/none都不neither表示全部否定,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Neitherofhisfriendshascomeyet.他的两个朋友都没有来。none表示全部否定,侧重指数量上一个都没有。如:Noneofthestudentscanworkitout.没有一个学生能解出它。either/any任何一个either表示两者中的任何一个。如:Youcantakeeitherofthebooks.这两本书你拿哪一本都行。any表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个。如:Anystudentsinyourclasscanjointheclub.你们班的任何一个学生都能加入这个俱乐部。each/every每一each强调个体。如:Therearetreesandflowersoneachsideofthestreet.街道的每一边都有树和花。every强调整体。如:Everystudenthasreadapoem.每个学生都读了一首诗。(2)some与any相同点均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”不同点some一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时,表示“任何(人/事)”(3)many与much不定代词用法例句many指代或修饰复数可数名词,还可以与表示程度的副词so、too、as、how连用Manyboysliketoplayfootballafterschool.许多男孩喜欢放学后踢足球。much指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so、too、as、how连用Thereismuchiceontheroad.路上有很多冰。【注意】toomany、toomuch与muchtoo的区别toomany与toomuch均意为“太多”。toomany修饰可数名词复数,而toomuch修饰不可数名词。muchtoo意为“太……”,相当于副词very,常置于形容词、副词前起修饰作用。如:Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.你的作业里有太多的错误。Henevereatstoomuchbreadforbreakfast.他早饭从来不吃太多面包。It’smuchtoohottoday.今天真是太热了。(4)other、theother、others、theothers与another单词或词组用法及意义例句other表示泛指,意为“其他的;另外的”,常与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用,但如果前面有the、this、that、some、any、every、my等限定词时,则可与单数名词连用I’lltellyouthesecretifyoudon’ttellittootherpeople.如果你能保密,我就告诉你这个秘密。theother表示特指,意为“两个中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成“one...theother...”结构;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部剩余的”Hehastwocars.Oneisblack,andtheotherisblue.他有两辆汽车,一辆是黑色的,另一辆是蓝色的。others表示泛指,意为“其他的(人/物)”,相当于“other+复数名词”,不能作定语,常构成“some...others...”结构(不指定范围)Afterclass,somestudentsareplayingsoccer,andothersareplayingchess.下课后,一些学生在踢足球,另一些学生在下棋。(未指定范围,表示泛指)theothers表示特指,意为“其他的”,相当于“theother+复数名词”,特指其余的人或物(指定范围)Therearefiveapp-lesonthetable.Theredoneisforyou,andtheothersareforJenny.桌子上有五个苹果。红色的那个是给你的,其他的都是给珍妮的。(指定范围,表示剩下的全部)another表示泛指,意为“另一个;再一个;别的”,指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”。用作形容词或代词。也可构成“another+基数词+可数名词复数(=基数词+more+可数名词复数)”结构,意为“再……个……”Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.我不喜欢这个颜色。给我再拿一件吧。Westillneedanothertwodaystofinishthework.我们还需要两天才能完成这项工作。(5)few、afew、little与alittle单词或词组用法及意义例句few意为“没有;几乎没有”,具有否定含义,few后接可数名词复数Hehasfewfriendshere,andhefeelslonely.他在这里几乎没有朋友,他感觉很孤独。afew意为“一些;一点儿”,具有肯定含义,afew后接可数名词复数ShehasafewbooksonChinesehistory.她有几本关于中国历史的书。little意为“几乎没有”,具有否定含义,little后接不可数名词Thereislittlemilkinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysome.冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。咱们去买一些吧。alittle意为“一些;一点儿”,具有肯定含义,alittle后接不可数名词IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我会说一点儿英语。❸复合不定代词(1)初中阶段常见的复合不定代词词根-one(指人)-body(指人)-thing(指物)some(肯定)someone某人somebody某人something某事;某物any(否定/肯定)anyone任何人anybody任何人anything任何事every(肯定)everyone每个人everybody每个人everything每件事;一切no(否定)noone没有人nobody没有人nothing什么都没有(2)复合不定代词的用法用法例句复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语Nobodyisabsent.没有人缺席。(主语)Doyouneedanything?你需要点什么吗?(宾语)Grammarisnoteverything.语法不是全部。(表语)复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.收音机没有什么问题。some-类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何人/物”Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝点儿什么吗?Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的不定代词填空both,none,all,each,either,any,neither❶—Whichshirtwouldyoulike,thewhiteoneortheblackone?—.Theyaretooexpensiveforme.I’lltaketheblueone.

❷—Fourchildrenwerewalkingunderasmallumbrella.ofthemgotwet.Canyouguesswhy?

—Becauseitwasnotraining!❸—HowmanyapplescanIhave?—Youcanhave.Iwantnoneofthem.

❹Inthelaboreducationclass,thestudentsplantedtreesonsidesofthemainroad.

❺—TherearetwobooksabouttraditionalChinesetea-makingculture.—You’refreetotakeofthemandleaveoneforme.

❻—Therearemanyactivitiesinourschoolthisterm.—Wonderful.Idon’twanttomiss.

❼ofusshouldhaveourowndecision.

Ⅱ.用适当的不定代词填空❶—Hurryup,orwewillmisstheschoolbus.—Don’tworry.Westillhavetime.

❷Thegirlisnotfriendly,sostudentslikeher.

❸—Ilikethecoatbutnotthecolor.Haveyougotone?

—Yes,I’llshowyou.❹Therearetwoapplesonthetable.Oneisredandisgreen.

Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适的复合不定代词填空nothing,anything,something,somebody,nobody,everything❶IadviseyounottoshowpersonalontheInternetbecauseitmaycausetrouble.

❷—Howisyourlittlesisterinhernewschool,Dave?—Sheisdoingverywell.Thereistoworryabout.

❸—ChinesechessplayerDingLirenhasdonehecaninchessandhasputallthathehasintothegames.

❹—Whyareyoulaughing,Tony?—Thereisfunnyinthemagazine.

❺—Whereismynotebook?—Idon’tknow.Itisn’there.Maybetookitawaybymistake.

❻Allofuscan’tavoidmakingmistakes.Afterall,isperfect.

考点四疑问代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,一般放在句首,并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。具体用法如下:代词意义基本用法who谁对人称代词主格或宾格进行提问,询问人物、身份whom谁对人称代词宾格进行提问,询问人物whose谁的询问所属关系what什么对具体内容进行提问,询问事物、身份、职业等which哪个/些对指定范围内“哪个/些”进行提问,询问特定的人或物【注意】疑问代词在引导从句时,都称为连接代词:(1)所有疑问代词均可引导宾语从句;(2)除what外的疑问代词均可引导定语从句。用适当的疑问代词填空❶“Theumbrellaisinthecorneroftheroomforweeks.isit?”askedthemonitor.

❷—timeistheconcertgoingtostart?

—I’venoidea.Whynotchecktheticket?❸—aretheywaitingforatthebusstop?

—Mysons.Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的代词填空another,everything,both,something,any,anybody,little,either❶Therearetwotypesofqualifications—isacceptable.

❷Takethisbag,andleaveelsetome.

❸—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss.

❹Learningisalife-longjourney,foritbringsusneweveryday.

❺Someanimalsmovefromoneplacetoatcertaintimesoftheyear.

❻Thereisn’tintheclassroom.AllthestudentsarehavingaP.E.lessonintheplayground.

❼Thereisjuiceinthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysome.

❽—Whatdoyouthinkofthetwofilms?—ofthemareinteresting.Iplantoseethemagain.

Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Webelievethat(we)hometownwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.

❷I’dloveabigbathroominourhouse—(our)issosmall!

❸—Mary,doyouknowwhichsweaterisLily’s?—Theredoneis(she).

❹Weshouldlearntoberesponsiblefor(us),notalwayswaitingtobepushed.

❺Maryhasabrother,and(he)nameisBob.

❻Nobodytaughttheoldmanhowtousetheapp.Hetaught(he).

❼Notmanypeoplerealizethathelpingothersishelping(they).

❽Thisismybookandthatis(you).

❾Readingmakes(we)wiserandmorelearned.

❿Thebabygirllearnedhowtodress(her)attheageof3.

Ⅲ.从括号中选择合适的单词补全短文Canyouimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutyourbothlegs?Lieinbed,waitingfor1.(someone/anyone)totakecareofyouorliveinself-abandonment,countingyourdaystotheend?Neither!Hereisamanlivingawonderfullifewithnolegs.CorporalTemurDadianiwasasoldier.HewasseriouslyinjuredwhileservinginAfghanistan.Helost2.(both/all)hislegsafterstandingonanimprovisedexplosivedevicewhileservinginHelmandProvinceinAugust2011.In2014,a“planchepush-up”washeldbytheMinistryofDefenceofGeorgiainTbilisi.Itwasadifficultformofexercisewhichrequiresgoodstrengthandbalanceinordertohold3.(you/yourself)upusingyourarmsonly.CorporalTemurDadianihassuccessfullysetanewworldrecordbyperforming36planchepush-upsinjust38.25seconds.Duringhisperformance,hisfriends,colleagues,andVakhtangKapanadze,ChiefofGeneralStaffoftheGeorgianArmedForceswerewatchinghim,encouraginghim,andfeelingproudof4.(him/his).What’syourfeelingafterreading5.(this/that)story?WhatdidCorporalTemurDadianishowyou?Iwillbeashamedofyouifyouarestillcomplainingthatyourteachersleaveyoumuchhomeworkeverydayandforceyoutorunmanymilesonhotdays.Ⅳ.短文填空Onceuponatime,ZengZi’swifewasgoingtothemarket.1.(she)littlesonwantedtogowithher.Shesaid,“2.istoofarandyou’dbetterstayathome.”Hersonwasveryupsetandcried.3.(her)didn’tknowhowtodealwithit.Finally,shesaidtoherson,“Stopcrying,4.(I)dear,gohomenow.Momwillbebacksoon.WhenI’mback,I’llkillapigtomakeamealfor5.(your).”Whenthesonheardwhathismomsaid,hewenthomehappily.WhenZengZi’swifereturnedhome,ZengZitiedup6.(they)fatpigandpreparedtokillit.HiswifestoppedZengZifromkillingthepiginahurryandsaid,“Weneedn’tkillit.Ijustmadeanexcuse(借口).”