专项08　形容词和副词 学案（含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项八形容词和副词河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在词义辨析和比较等级。完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析,且侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组副词词义辨析,同时侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则主要考查形容词或副词的比较等级和词性(形)转换。预计2025年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中考查形容词或副词。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考题设置分值形容词词义辨析202444single/similar/special/simple1分202341lazy/tired/ugly/stupid1分48brave/active/proud/honest1分202442right/safe/poor/natural1分44last/great/free/long1分46fresh/thin/clear/cool1分202342tired/angry/excited/good1分44kind/clever/strict/careful1分202345lovely/friendly/happy/sleepy1分202442different/similar/large/small1分副词词义辨析202443clearly/bravely/patiently/correctly1分202345suddenly/nearly/finally/recently1分202333never/seldom/sometimes/always1分49clearly/luckily/quickly/politely1分202346somewhere/everywhere/anywhere/nowhere1分48ever/never/seldom/always1分202435still/always/already/almost1分38Easily/Finally/Safely/Quickly1分形容词、副词的比较级和最高级202436busier/busiest/wider/widest1分71young→younger1分202480nice→nicest1分202338lower/lowest/higher/highest1分78fast→faster1分形容词、副词的比较级和最高级202336older/oldest/younger/youngest1分79many→more1分202429easier/harder/higher/slower1分形容词、副词转换(包括名词变形容词、动词变形容词)202473happy→happily1分202372real→really1分77relax→relaxed1分202472friend→friendly1分202371love→lovely1分202373quick→quickly1分202474wonder→wonderful1分79deep→deeply1分Ⅰ.单项选择❶(2024·河北)JiansheRoadistheroadinourcity,especiallyaround8:00am.

A.busier B.busiestC.wider D.widest❷(2023·河北)Pleasebepoliteandofferyourseattopeoplewhoneedit.

A.never B.seldomC.sometimes D.always❸(2023·河北)—Whatistheworld’smountain?

—MountQomolangma.A.lower B.lowestC.higher D.highest❹(2023·河北)Helenisthepersoninherfamily.Hertwoeldersistersarebothmarried.

A.older B.oldestC.younger D.youngest❺(2024·河北)TheHighSpeedRailisamazing.Itmakestravel.

A.easier B.harderC.higher D.slowerⅡ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2024·河北)LinMingissevenandLinFangistwoyears(young)thanherbrother.

❷(2024·河北)Someboysandgirlswereplaying(happy)ontheplayground.

❸(2023·河北)Iwas(real)shyandnervousonthefirstdayatschool.

❹(2023·河北)Ifelt(relax)atonce.

❺(2024·河北)Ithoughtitwasthe(nice)cakeIhadevereaten.

❻(2023·河北)Lastweek,weplayedagainstanotherschool.Theyran(fast)thanus.

❼(2023·河北)Momcutthemeatandcabbagesintosmallpieces(quick).

❽(2023·河北)TheyweresodeliciousthatIate(many)thantwenty.

❾(2024·河北)Iwas(deep)moved.

考点一形容词❶形容词的用法用法示例作状语,主要表示伴随、时间、原因或结果等Hewenthome,fulloffear.他满怀恐惧地回了家。(伴随状语)Young,mygrandfatherhadtoworkforthelandlordallyear.我爷爷年轻时不得不长年给地主干活。(时间状语)Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿,我只好停下休息了一下。(原因状语)作定语,放在被修饰的名词之前,复合不定代词something、anyone等之后It’sasunnydaytoday.今天是晴天。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有些重要的事要告诉你。作表语,放在系动词之后Helookssadtoday.他今天看起来很伤心。作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,动词常用make、keep、leave、find等Don’tkeepthedooropen.别让门开着。某些形容词放在定冠词之后,相当于名词,表示一类人,常见的此类形容词有good、bad、rich、poor、young、old、living、dead等Theyoungusuallylikepopularsongs.年轻人通常喜欢流行歌曲。❷-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词修饰物,-ed形容词修饰人。如:I’minterestedintheinterestingstory.我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。❸含形容词的常用句型(1)“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有kind、nice、polite、clever、foolish、lazy、careful、careless等。如:It’sniceofyoutosayso.你这样说太好了。(2)“It’s+adj.(+for+sb.)+动词不定式”表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult、easy、hard、dangerous、safe、useful、pleasant、interesting、impossible等。如:It’snecessaryforustofinditout.对我们来说弄清楚这件事是有必要的。❹表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad/pleased、sorry、sad等后常接动词不定式。如:I’mgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。❺表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready、able、sure等后常接动词不定式。如:Areyouabletocomethedayaftertomorrow?后天你能来吗?Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶—Nelly,wereyouattheresultofthesingingcompetition?

—Yes.Wethoughtitwasaresult.(surprise)

❷It’s(relax)formetohaveabreakandlistentomusicafterthework.

❸I’m(please)toheartheexcitingnewsthatourteamwonthegame.

❹Isthereanything(interest)intoday’snewspaper?

❺Don’tkeepthewindows(close).It’shotintheroom.

❻Theoldwomandidn’tseemtobevery(excite)aboutthis.

Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的形容词填空successful,patient,convenient,humorous,cruel,especial,perfect❶YouhavetobeandwaituntilIfinishmywork.

❷Overseasexperiencemayhelpmakeourlives.Sowhynottrytostudyabroad?

❸—Howdoyoulikethishouse?—!It’severythingI’vebeenlookingfor.

❹—Ourliveswillbemoreif5Gtechnologyisusedwidely.

—Yes,Iquiteagreewithyou.❺—WhynotaskBobtojoinusinthetriptothezootomorrow?—Everyoneinourgrouplovesanimals,buthealwaysseems.

❻—WhyisMikesopopularinyourclass?—Becausehealwaystellsjokes.Heis.

考点二副词❶副词的用法用法示例作状语修饰动词Hestudieshard.他学习努力。修饰形容词或副词Thegirlisveryhappy.这个女孩很开心。修饰整个句子Luckily,nothingvaluablewasstolen.幸运的是,没有贵重物品被盗。作定语Thefoodhereisverydelicious.这里的食物很好吃。作表语Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.我父亲一周后回来。作宾语补足语Lethimin,please.请让他进来。❷副词的分类时间副词(句子时态的重要标志)now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately、early、already等地点副词(前面不加介词)outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等方式副词(大多由“形容词+ly”构成)quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily等程度副词(可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级)very、quite、rather、too、much、so等疑问副词(常用来构成特殊疑问句)when、where、why、how关系副词(常用来引导定语从句)when、where、why频度副词(表示事情发生的频率,可用来回答howoften引导的特殊疑问句)always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly、seldom、neverⅠ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶You’dbetterleave(quick),ortroublewillcometoyou.❷—Heissohumorousandkind.Allhisstudentslovehim.—(exact).Heismyfavoriteteacher.

❸WehavebeentotheChinaFolkCultureVillages(late).Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的副词填空yet,quite,almost,however,already,very,hardly❶Kenwaslateforschool.Thebellrangrightafterheenteredtheclassroom.

❷Seeingthenewchangesinherhometown,Nanjing,Sandycouldbelievehereyes.

❸Thehotelwasverynoisy.,IwassotiredfromtravellingthatIsleptverywell.

❹—Tom,haven’tyouhelpedyourparentsdothehousework?

—Yes,I’vehelpedthemwashthedishes.

❺Whatyousaidatthemeetingareright.

❻Whenyougotoaboardingschool,youhavetobeseparatedfromyourfamily.It’sabravethingtodo.

考点三形容词、副词的词形变化❶常见的名词变形容词的方法构成方法示例加-enwood→wooden,gold→golden,wool→woolen加-erneast→eastern,west→western,southeast→southeastern加-ycloud→cloudy,wind→windy,health→healthy加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,month→monthly加-fulcare→careful,help→helpful,wonder→wonderful加-lesshome→homeless,care→careless,hope→hopeless加-nAsia→Asian,Australia→Australian,India→Indian加-ousdanger→dangerous,humor→humorous,courage→courageous❷形容词变副词的方法情况构成方法示例一般情况加-lyquick→quickly,brave→bravely以“辅音字母+y”结尾将y变i再加-lyeasy→easily,happy→happily以le结尾去e加-ysimple→simply,gentle→gently以“元音字母+e”结尾去e加-lytrue→truly,due→duly❸常见的形容词、副词同形的单词词语形容词词义副词词义fast快的快early早的早high高的在高处hard努力的;硬的;艰难的努力地;坚硬地;艰难地late晚的;迟到的晚;迟straight直的径直地;直线地❶Themanagersounded(friend)onthephone.Heofferedtoshowusaroundthecompany.

❷Ican’tbelieveIam(real)goingtomeettheprincess.

❸—Jessica,it’sraininghardoutside.—Oh,youshouldbe(care)whenyoudrivetowork.

❹Tonyissucha(create)boythathecanmakeupstorieswithsurprisingendings.

❺“Youlook(love)inthatyellowandwhiteskirt,”Maysaidtoherfriend.

❻Ilostmyticket,but(luck),thetravelagentgavemeanotherone.

❼—Dad,Igetagoodjob.—Congratulations!Workhardandmakeyourselfmore(value).

❽Theproblemhasn’tbeensolved(simple)becauseyoudidn’tfollowmyinstructions.

❾Dietdrinks(低热量饮料)arenotquiteas(health)asyouthink.Itisreportedthatdrinkingtoomanyofthemmightleadtoillness.

❿It’s(polite)totalkwithyourmouthfull.

考点四形容词和副词的比较等级(比较级、最高级)❶形容词和副词的比较等级的构成(1)形容词、副词的比较等级的一般变化规则构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er或-estsmallfastsmallerfastersmallestfastest以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y变为i,再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more或mostinterestingimportantmoreinterestingmoreimportantmostinterestingmostimportant(2)常见比较等级不规则变化的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest❷形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的判定与用法(1)原级的判定与用法:形容词或副词原级可以用表示程度的副词very、so、too、enough、quite等修饰,常见的结构和用法如下:结构用法例句as+形容词/副词原级+as两者相比,程度相同。as...as结构前可以带表示程度的状语,如quite、almost、half、twice等Thisbookisalmostasthickasthatone.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as两者相比,表示“一方不及另一方”Thisvillageisn’tas/sobigasthatone.这个村子没有那个村子大。Ididn’tdomyhomeworkascarefullyasyou.我做作业不如你仔细。倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as表示“是……的几倍”Thecityistwiceasbigasmyhometown.这个城市是我家乡的两倍大。(2)比较级的判定与用法:比较级表示两者之间比较,表示程度的副词alittle、abit、alot、much、even等可以修饰比较级以加强程度,常见比较级的结构和用法如下:结构用法例句比较级+than表示两者进行比较Sheusuallygetsupearlierthanothers.她通常比别人起得早。比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”,其中多音节形容词或副词用“moreandmore+形容词或副词的原级”Sheisgrowingfatterandfatter.她长得越来越胖了。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。the+比较级,the+比较级表示“越……就越……”,如果“the+比较级”修饰名词作定语,名词要紧跟在比较级之后Thebusiertheoldmanis,thehappierhefeels.那位老人越忙越高兴。Themoremoneyhegets,themorehewants.他得到的钱越多,他想要的就越多。特殊疑问词+其他+谓语动词+比较级,AorB?两者进行比较,表示“哪一个更……”Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter,EnglishorChinese?你更喜欢哪一科,英语还是语文?A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B表示“……几倍于……”TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthreetimeslongerthanthePearlRiver.长江大约比珠江长两倍。(3)最高级的判定与用法:表示三者或三者以上比较时用最高级,常见最高级的结构和用法如下:结构用法例句主语+谓语动词(+the)+最高级+in/of短语表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……的”Heisthetallestboyinourclass.他是我们班里最高的男孩。主语+be+oneof+the+最高级+名词复数表示“最……的……之一”Heisoneofthemostpopularsingers.他是最受欢迎的歌手之一。特殊疑问词+谓语动词(+the)+最高级,A,BorC?三者比较,“谁最……”Whojumpshighest,Tom,BillorJohn?谁跳得最高,汤姆、比尔还是约翰?主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/of短语表示“……是第……(最……)的……”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。主语+谓语动词+比较级+thananyother+单数名词=主语+isthe+最高级比较级结构表示最高级含义ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.=ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。❶—Mom,whydoweseldomgoouttoeat?—Honey,homecookingis(healthy)andcanimprovethefamilyrelationship.

❷—DoesGracesingwell?—Yes,shesings(clear)and(loud)thanothersingers.

❸Duringtheexam,the(care)youbehave,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.

❹Dreamsarepowerfulandtheycandriveyoutoworkharderandbecome(good)thanbefore.

❺Peterthinkstheenvironmentinhishometownisnotas(good)asbefore.Boththeairandthewaterarebadlypolluted.

❻—Wouldyouliketogotothecityandlivewithus,Grandpa?—Oh,dear,Iamusedtothelifeinthecountryside.Ithinklifehereis(comfortable).

❼Spendingaweekendinthecountrysidehasbeen(popular)choiceforpeopleinthecity.

❽—Howdoyoulikethefilm,Tom?—Prettygood!It’soneof(interesting)filmsIeverwatched.

❾Mihois(young)studentbecauseshewasbornlaterthananyoneelseinherclass.

❿Whojumped(far)ofallthestudents?

Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Martinwentout(angry)whenheheardthenews.

❷HuangguoshuWaterfallis(wide)knowntopeopleathomeandabroad.

❸Tomalwaysinsistshardworkdoesnotnecessarilyleadtosuccess.Ican’tagreewithhim(complete).

❹Janewastoo(excite)tofallasleepquickly.

❺Thelifeisbetterthanbeforebuttheenvironmentismuch(bad).

❻Peteris(young)thanhissisterMay.

❼Letmerepeat(exact)whathejustsaid.

❽(final),shewonthegoldmedalatherfourthOlympics.

❾Brucejumps(far)thanmostofthestudentsinhisclass.

❿Thescientistsfoundoneofthe(tall)treesintheworld.

Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空heavy,excite,sleep,popular,wise,hard,easy,large,real,early❶—Whyareyoulookinginclassallday?

—BecauseIcan’tfinishmyhomeworkuntileleveneverynight.❷Sometimesitrainsinmyhometowninsummer.

❸ThebookcoversallofChinesehistory.Itisworthreadingagain.

❹—WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVseriesIntheNameofPeople?—ItisoneI’veeverseen.

❺AsthenumberofcarsinShanghaigetsmuch,thepollutionisbecomingmoreserious.

❻Nowadaysonlinecoursesarebecomingasasthoselearnedinclassesatschool.

❼Theseexercisesareenoughforhimtofinishinhalfanhour.Afterall,heisnolongeralittlechild.

❽Thespeaker’svoicewassolowthatNancycouldhearhim.

❾Don’tworry.I’msureyoucanmakeyourchoice.

❿TheBookofSongsisthecollectionofpoemsinChinaandthebeginningofChina’spoetry.

Ⅲ.短文填空LiNaisamiddleschoolstudent.Lastterm,whileshewaswatchingaclothingshowonTV,akindof1.(tradition)clothescalledhanfucaughthereye.Howshewishedtohaveherownhanfu!Shetoldhermotherthatshewantedone.Hermomthoughtforawhileandsaid,“Youcanhaveoneifyoumakeprogressbytheendofthisterm.”Shefelt2.(disappoint)butdecidedtomakeit.Afterthat,shestudied3.(hard)thanbefore.4.(when)shefaceddifficulties,shetriedherbesttosolvethem.Sometimesshethoughtaboutgivingup,butshefoughton.Then,inthe5.(finally)exam,shemadegreatprogress.Andhermomwashappywithher.Finally,the“big”daycame.Whenshegothomeoneafternoon,shesawa6.(beauty)bigboxonthetable.“Wow,hanfu!”Herwishcametrue.Ona7.(sun)Saturday,LiNaworeherownhanfutoaparkwithherfamily.There,alotofpeoplewereattractedbyherclothesincludingsomeforeignchildren.LiNaintroducedhanfutothem8.(proud).Shetoldthemthathanfu—asymbolofChineseculture,isgettingmoreandmorepopular.Thatday,sheenjoyedthebeautyofhanfuandexperiencedthetraditionalculture.Lookingbackatthepastdays,shethinksshehasgotalot9.(much)thanthenewclothes.Wheneversheseeshanfu,itremindsherthathardworkcanhelppeoplegetwhatthey10.