新人教版中考英语必背单词、短语、句型

新人教版中考英语必背单词、短语、句型中考英语的复习，核心在于对基础知识的扎实掌握与灵活运用。词汇、短语和句型作为构建语言这座大厦的基石，其重要性不言而喻。本文旨在为同学们梳理新人教版中考英语中必须烂熟于心的核心单词、高频短语及关键句型，助力大家高效复习，从容应考。一、核心必背单词词汇是语言的血肉。中考对词汇的考查不仅在于识记，更在于运用。以下单词均为教材与考纲中的核心词汇，务必掌握其基本含义、常见搭配及词性变化。（一）名词(Nouns)*基础类：`school,student,teacher,book,pen,bag,time,day,week,month,year,home,family,father,mother,brother,sister,friend,people,man,woman,child,boy,girl`**侧重*：这些词是日常交流与写作的起点，需熟练掌握单复数变化及所有格形式。*高频抽象名词：`life,love,help,hope,dream,idea,information,knowledge,problem,question,answer,reason,result,way,method,chance,opportunity`**侧重*：理解其抽象含义，注意部分不可数名词的用法（如information,knowledge）。**侧重*：与介词搭配（如inthepark,bybus）及在特定语境中的指代。（二）动词(Verbs)**侧重*：词义辨析（如say,speak,tell,talk）、固定搭配（如takecareof,lookforwardto）、时态变化（尤其是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词）。*情态动词：`can,could,may,might,must,should,will,would,need`**侧重*：基本含义、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答，特别是can(能力/许可),may(许可/可能性),must(必须/肯定推测)的用法。**侧重*：后接形容词作表语，而非副词。（三）形容词(Adjectives)&副词(Adverbs)*形容词：`good,bad,fine,nice,happy,sad,angry,excited,interested,boring,difficult,easy,hard,new,old,young,old,big,small,large,little,long,short,tall,high,low,fat,thin,strong,weak,heavy,light,fast,slow,early,late,busy,free,full,hungry,thirsty,hot,cold,warm,cool,right,wrong,true,false,same,different,many,much,some,any,few,little,all,both,each,every,no,enough`**侧重*：描述人或事物的特征，比较级和最高级的构成及用法。*副词：`very,much,too,so,quite,really,also,either,too,only,just,still,already,yet,often,usually,sometimes,never,always,ever,here,there,home,out,in,up,down,away,back,fast,slowly,quickly,carefully,happily,easily,well,hard`**侧重*：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等，部分副词的位置。（四）代词(Pronouns)*人称代词：主格`I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they`；宾格`me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them`*物主代词：形容词性`my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their`；名词性`mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs`*反身代词：`myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves`*指示代词：`this,that,these,those`*不定代词：`some,any,no,none,someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,nothing,each,every,either,neither,both,all,another,other,others`**侧重*：各种代词的基本用法、指代对象及在句中的功能，不定代词的辨析（如few,afew,little,alittle）。（五）介词(Prepositions)*`in,on,at,under,behind,beside,near,nextto,infrontof,above,below,between,among,from,to,for,with,without,by,about,of,off,up,down,out,into,around,through,across,along`**侧重*：时间介词（in,on,at）、地点介词、方式介词的固定搭配及含义辨析。（六）连词(Conjunctions)*并列连词：`and,but,or,so,for,while`*从属连词：`that,if,whether,when,while,as,since,until,before,after,because,sothat,though,although,evenif,assoonas`**侧重*：理解不同连词所表达的逻辑关系（并列、转折、选择、因果、条件、时间、原因、让步等）。二、高频必背短语短语是语言的筋骨，往往是中考完形填空、阅读理解及书面表达的得分点。掌握这些短语的固定搭配和语境含义至关重要。（一）动词短语*`lookforwardto(doingsth.)`期待（做某事）*`lookup`(在词典中)查找；向上看*`lookafter`照顾，照料*`lookfor`寻找*`putup`举起；张贴；搭建*`puton`穿上；上演*`putoff`推迟*`putaway`收拾好*`takeoff`脱下；（飞机）起飞*`takecareof`照顾，照料*`takepartin`参加*`takeplace`发生*`giveup(doingsth.)`放弃（做某事）*`giveaway`赠送；分发*`giveback`归还*`makeup`组成；编造；化妆*`makesure`确保，确信*`makefriendswith`与……交朋友*`getup`起床*`geton/off`上/下车*`getalong/onwith`与……相处*`getreadyfor`为……做准备*`setup`建立，创立*`takedown`记下；拆除*`turnon/off`打开/关闭（电器）*`turnup/down`调大/调小（音量等）*`catchupwith`赶上*`keepupwith`跟上*`fallbehind`落后*`payattentionto`注意*`agreewithsb.`同意某人的看法*`arguewithsb.`与某人争吵*`dependon`依靠，依赖*`decideon`决定（二）介词短语*`inorderto`为了*`insteadof`代替，而不是*`becauseof`因为*`infrontof`在……前面*`inthefrontof`在……（内部的）前面*`attheendof`在……末尾*`bytheendof`到……结束时*`intheend`最后，终于*`ontime`准时*`intime`及时*`atfirst`起初，首先*`atlast`最后*`forexample`例如*`suchas`例如*`infact`事实上*`asaresult`结果*`onone'swayto`在某人去……的路上*`introuble`处于困境中*`onduty`值日*`inpublic`当众，公开地（三）其他重要短语*`alotof/lotsof`许多，大量*`kindof`有点儿，稍微*`alittle/afew`一点，一些*`too...to...`太……而不能……*`so...that...`如此……以至于……*`not...until...`直到……才……*`as...as...`和……一样……*`wouldliketodosth.`想要做某事*`usedtodosth.`过去常常做某事*`beusedtodoingsth.`习惯于做某事三、关键必背句型句型是语言的骨架，掌握基本句型和重要句型结构，能帮助我们更规范、更灵活地进行口头和书面表达。（一）基本句型1.主语+谓语(S+V)*例：`Herunsfast.`(他跑得快。)`Thesunrises.`(太阳升起。)2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)*例：`IlikeEnglish.`(我喜欢英语。)`Sheboughtabook.`(她买了一本书。)3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)*例：`Mymothergavemeapresent.`(我妈妈给了我一个礼物。)`Hetoldusastory.`(他给我们讲了个故事。)4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)*例：`Wekeepourclassroomclean.`(我们保持教室干净。)`Ifounditdifficult.`(我发现它很难。)5.主语+连系动词+表语(S+LinkingV+P)*例：`Sheisastudent.`(她是一名学生。)`Theflowerssmellsweet.`(这些花闻起来很香。)（二）重要句型1.Therebe句型(表示“某地有某物/某人”)*例：`Thereisabookonthedesk.`(桌子上有一本书。)*`Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.`(教室里有一些学生。)*注意：be动词的单复数由后面的名词决定；时态变化(Therewas/were...)。2.It句型*`Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.`(对某人来说做某事是……的)*例：`ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.`(对我们来说学好英语很重要。)*`Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.`(做某事花费某人多长时间)*例：`Ittakesmehalfanhourtogettoschool.`(我花半小时到学校。)*`Itis+adj.+that从句`(……是……的)*例：`Itistruethathewonthegame.`(他赢得了比赛是真的。)3.感叹句*`What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(主语+谓语)!`*例：`Whatabeautifulflower(itis)!`(多美的一朵花啊！)`Whatinterestingbooks(theyare)!`(多有趣的书啊！)*`How+adj./adv.+(主语+谓语)!`*例：`Howbeautifulthefloweris!`(这朵花多美啊！)`Howfastheruns!`(他跑得真快啊！)4.祈使句(表示命令、请求、建议等)*肯定式：`动词原形+其他.`例：`Openthedoor,please.`(请开门。)*否定式：`Don't+动词原形+其他.`例：`Don'tbelate.`(不要迟到。)5.比较级与最高级句型*比较级：`A+be+adj.比较级+than+B.`例：`TomistallerthanMike.`(汤姆比迈克高。)*`A+实义动词+adv.比较级+than+B.`例：`Heru