（吃透真题）21-25阅读D篇真题

高考英语真题分类练2021-2025年高考英语真题用真题来背单词有语境更高效考啥学啥针对性强吃透真题拿下阅读阅读D篇合集（拔高提升篇）内容包含：阅读理解D篇题型特点及做题思路21-25全国高考真题及解析3.21-25全国D篇重点词汇背诵清单4.21-25全国D篇重点词汇默写清单高考阅读理解D篇经验题型特点文章类型：高考英语阅读D篇通常具有相当的难度和深度，文章类型多为科普类说明文、深度议论文或是文化现象剖析文。例如2024年全国甲卷D篇围绕文学作品结局的探讨，融合了文学分析与个人感悟，考查学生对抽象概念的理解与思考。科普类文章可能涉及到前沿科技成果，如量子计算技术的原理与应用前景；深度议论文则可能针对社会热点问题，如社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响展开论述；文化现象剖析文或许会研究不同国家传统节日背后的文化内涵及演变。这些文章旨在挑战学生对复杂信息的深度理解和批判性思维能力。文本结构：常见的文本结构有“总—分—总”“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”，以及在科普文中特有的“现象—原因—实验验证—结论”等。段落间逻辑关系紧密，过渡词如“Furthermore”“However”“Therefore”等频繁出现，用以引导读者理清文章脉络。部分文章还会呈现多观点的交锋，像在讨论人工智能发展的文章中，会有支持技术进步和担忧伦理风险两种对立观点的阐述，要求学生准确把握各方观点及论证过程。语言风格：语言正式且学术性强，专业词汇大量涌现，如在环境科学相关文章中的“biodiversity（生物多样性）”“carbonfootprint（碳足迹）”。长难句更是屡见不鲜，多为复杂的复合句，包含多个从句嵌套，如定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等，还可能出现倒装句、强调句等特殊句式，对学生语法知识的综合运用和句子分析能力提出了很高要求。题型分布：推理判断题在D篇中占比最大，约为50%，这类题要求学生根据文章已知信息进行合理推断，挖掘作者隐含意图；细节理解题约占25%，虽然比例相对科普类文章可能涉及到前沿科技成果，如量子计算技术的原理与应用前景；深度议论文则可能针对社会热点问题，如社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响展开论述；文化现象剖析文或许会研究不同国家传统节日背后的文化内涵及演变。这些文章旨在挑战学生对复杂信息的深度理解和批判性思维能力。高频考点：文章中作者的论证方法，如类比论证、因果论证，常常作为考点出现，考查学生对论证逻辑的理解；不同观点之间的细微差别与内在联系也是常考内容，要求学生能够精准辨析；长难句所传达的复杂语义，以及上下文之间通过代词指代、逻辑关系词构建的紧密衔接，同样是高频考点。此外，文章的核心论点以及作者为支撑论点所采用的论据，也是考查重点，学生需要准确提炼和把握。做题思路和方法整体浏览，把握主旨：拿到文章后，先快速浏览全文，重点关注标题（若有）、首尾段以及各段首句。通过这一步，大致了解文章主题、核心观点以及行文脉络。对于科普类文章，明确研究对象及主要结论；议论文则抓住作者的论点及论证方向。例如在一篇关于新型能源研究的文章中，首段可能提出新型能源对解决能源危机的重要性，通过浏览就能初步知晓文章围绕新型能源展开。这为后续解题提供宏观框架，有助于解答主旨大意题和部分推理判断题。关键词定位，解答细节题：对于细节理解题，依据题干中的关键词，如专业术语、人名、时间等，迅速在原文中定位相关信息。由于D篇文章信息量大，定位时要仔细，找到对应句子后，认真研读上下文，注意选项与原文的细微差别，识别同义替换和信息转述。比如题干问某实验的具体步骤，定位到描述实验的段落，选项中可能用“initiate（启动）”替换原文的“start”，学生需敏锐察觉这种同义表达，避免被干扰项误导。深度推理，挖掘隐含信息：推理判断题不能仅从字面理解，要深入分析文章逻辑。定位相关内容后，结合上下文的因果、转折、对比等关系，进行合理推断。如文章提到某种产品在特定地区销量增长迅速，同时指出该地区消费者环保意识增强，可推断产品可能具有环保特性从而受青睐。要避免过度推理，确保推断基于原文信息。剖析长难句，攻克语义难关：遇到长难句，首先划分句子结构，确定主谓宾等主干成分，再分析修饰成分。利用标点符号、从属连词等线索拆分句子，理解各部分之间的逻辑联系。例如对于“Anewtechnology,whichisdevelopedbyarenownedresearchteamandaimstorevolutionizetheindustry,hasattractedwidespreadattention.”这个句子，先找出主干“Anewtechnologyhasattractedwidespreadattention”，再分析“which”引导的定语从句修饰“technology”，明确新技术的研发团队和目标，从而准确把握句子含义，助力理解文章关键信息。区分观点，判断态度：解答观点态度题，留意文中表达情感色彩的词汇，如“optimistic（乐观的）”“pessimistic（悲观的）”“doubtful（怀疑的）”，以及语气词、特殊标点等。同时，要严格区分作者观点和文中引用的他人观点。例如，文中引用某专家对某政策的批评，并不意味着作者也持同样态度，作者可能只是客观呈现不同观点，学生需仔细甄别。检查复盘，确保准确：完成所有题目后，将答案代入原文检查。查看推理过程是否符合文章逻辑，选项与原文信息是否完全匹配，尤其关注题干要求的全面性。对于不确定的题目，重新梳理文章相关部分的论证逻辑和细节，确保答案准确无误。如在检查一道主旨大意题时，要确认所选选项能涵盖文章各个段落的核心内容，而非只是部分段落的概括。本册使用方法D篇作为高考英语阅读中的高难度部分，对学生的综合能力要求极高。本册旨在帮助学生突破这一难关，提升阅读复杂文本的能力。使用时，先按照高考规定时间完成真题，模拟考试环境，提高答题速度和时间把控能力。完成后，借助背诵默写手册，着重积累重点词汇，特别是高频出现的专业术语，以及熟词僻义。通过背诵记忆后，利用词汇默写部分检测掌握情况，对于影响文章理解的关键单词，要多次复习巩固。只有扎实的词汇基础，才能为快速理解文章大意、准确把握文章细节和逻辑关系奠定坚实的基础，从而在高考英语阅读D篇中取得优异成绩。目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u一、真题 31.2025.6新高考1卷D篇 32.2025.6新高考2卷D篇 43.2025.1浙江D篇 54.2024.6新高考1卷D篇 65.2024.6新高考2卷D篇 76.2024.6全国甲卷D篇 87.2024.1浙江D篇 98.2023.6新高考1卷D篇 109.2023.6新高考2卷D篇 1110.2023.6全国甲卷D篇 1311.2023.6全国乙卷D篇 1412.2023.1浙江D篇 1513.2022.6新高考1卷D篇 1614.2022.6新高考2卷D篇 1715.2022.6全国甲卷D篇 1816.2022.6全国乙卷D篇 2017.2021.6新高考1卷D篇 2118.2021.6新高考2卷D篇 2219.2021.6全国甲卷D篇 2320.2021.6全国乙卷D篇 24二、答案与解析 261.2025.6新高考1卷D篇答案与解析 262.2025.6新高考2卷D篇答案与解析 263.2025.1浙江D篇答案与解析 274.2024.6新高考1卷D篇答案与解析 285.2024.6新高考2卷D篇答案与解析 286.2024.6全国甲卷D篇答案与解析 297.2024.1浙江D篇答案与解析 308.2023.6新高考1卷D篇答案与解析 319.2023.6新高考2卷D篇答案与解析 3210.2023.6全国甲卷D篇答案与解析 3411.2023.6全国乙卷D篇答案与解析 3412.2023.1浙江D篇答案与解析 3613.2022.6新高考1卷D篇答案与解析 3714.2022.6新高考2卷D篇答案与解析 3815.2022.6全国甲卷D篇答案与解析 3916.2022.6全国乙卷D篇答案与解析 4017.2021.6新高考1卷D篇答案与解析 4118.2021.6新高考2卷D篇答案与解析 4119.2021.6全国甲卷D篇答案与解析 4220.2021.6全国乙卷D篇答案与解析 43真题2025.6新高考1卷D篇MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龙头):boilingandfiltering(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn'tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn'tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat'sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthrough公boilingprocesswasnice,"CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay'ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.2025.6新高考2卷D篇Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreofwhatwe'realreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadifferentway:Itchangeditsmenutoexclusively(专门)offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage'sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver'svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%issimplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtooktheconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'searlylife?A.Hewitnessedfoodshortage. B.Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.C.HedonatedfoodtoAfricans. D.Hehelpedtocookathome.33.WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?A.Tocustomizedishesforguests. B.Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.C.Totestafoodprocessingmethod. D.ToimprovetheUK'szero-wastesystems.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whytheingredientswereused. B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.C.Whatthedishesweremadeof. D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.35.WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?A.Ithasendedasplanned. B.Itiscreatingnewjobs.C.Ithasregainedpopularity. D.Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.2025.1浙江D篇Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasaboutpowerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,aremorevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeenassignedagender.Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or“she.”Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.32.Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?A.Toreducestereotypes. B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts. D.Toencouragecompetition.33.Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?A.Designaproduct. B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants. D.Takealanguagetest.34.Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?A.Theycannotbemass-produced. B.Namingthemisachallengingtask.C.Peopleassumetheyareunreliable. D.Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts. B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism. D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.2024.6新高考1卷D篇IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,"saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,"Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated. B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber . D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.33.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis. B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling. D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.35.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.2024.6新高考2卷D篇GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAltopanout.Suchstructuredthinkingfollowedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.33.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes. B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions. D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.34.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI. B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI. D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.2024.6全国甲卷D篇“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat’sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.32.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel. B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter. D.Toaskforareadinglist.33.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingProf.Gracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacters.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueending.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.34.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A.Itsatisfiesreaders’taste. B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive. D.Itisopenforimagination.35.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.2024.1浙江D篇TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.32.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone. B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers. D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.33.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween___________.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily.B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources.D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMore B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups2023.6新高考1卷D篇OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.13.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.2023.6新高考2卷D篇Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listen