教学材料《计算机英语》-Unit2CE

Unit2Hardware

AgendaWarm-upSection1:DialogueSection2:ReadingSection3:ComputerTermsSection4:ExercisesSelf-checklistUnit2HardwareWarm-upMatchthewordswiththepictures.abcd1.modem 2.faxmachine 3.Notebookcomputer 4.desktopcomputerUnit2HardwareSection1:DialogueSituationsandDirectionsWordsandExpressionsRolePlayUnit2HardwareSection1:DialogueSituationsSimon,astudentfromavocationalschoolisvisitingacomputercompany.George,acomputerprogrammer,isshowinghimaround.DirectionsReadthefollowingdialogueinpairsandtalkaboutthecomputerhardwarementioned.Unit3OperatingSystemSection1:Dialogue

WordsandExpressionshardware['hɑːdweə] n.计算机硬件system

['sɪstəm] n.体系，系统；制度device[dɪ'vaɪs] n.设备；装置storage['stɔːrɪdʒ] n.贮藏；仓库；[计]存储器program['prəʊɡræm] n.节目；程序v.编制程序data['deɪtə] n.(datum的复数)资料，材料；[计]数据，资料；scanner['skænə] n.扫描仪floppydisk['flɒpɪ] n.软盘驱动器instruction[ɪn'strʌkʃ(ə)n] n.指令Unit3OperatingSystemSection1:Dialogue

WordsandExpressionsprocess[prəˈses] v.处理function['fʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n] n.功能motherboard['mʌðɚbɔrd] n.主板，主机板uninstall[ʌnɪn'stɔ:l] v.卸载n.解除安装CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)n.中央处理器computercase 电脑机箱harddisk 硬盘USBflashdisk U盘

Unit2HardwareSection1:DialogueRolePlayA:Excuseme,Miss/Mrs/Mr...Whatis/arehardware/inputdevices/outputdevices/backingstoragedevices?B:Well,itis/theyare...Unit2HardwareSection2:ReadingPre-readingActivitiesTextWordsandExpressionsBasicTechnicalTermsUnit2HardwareSection2:ReadingPre-readingActivities1.Haveyouheardofthefollowingcomputerparts?Talkabouttheirmainfunctionswithyourpartner.CPU memorymonitorRAM ROM printer2.Doyouhaveacomputer?Ifyes,tellyourpeersaboutit.Unit2HardwareSection2:ReadingText:TheComponentsofComputerHardwareWhentalkingaboutcomputer,suchimagewillappearinourmind:adisplayscreenknownasthebasicoutputdevice,akeyboardusuallytogetherwithamouseknownasthebasicinputdevice,andamachineboxknownasacabinet.Computerhardwarecanbedividedintofourcategories:CPU,storagedevices,inputdevicesandoutputdevices.Unit2HardwareSection2:Reading2.StoragedevicesWeusuallydividethestoragedevicesintotwotypes:themainmemoryandthesecondaryorauxiliarystorage.ThememoryisdividedintoRAM(randomaccessmemory)andROM(Read-onlyMemory).ThemainmemoryofmostcomputersiscomposedofRAM.WecanstoredataandprogramsintoRAM.TheamountofRAMyouhaveinyourPCdirectlyaffectsthelevelofsophisticationofthesoftwareyoucanuse.Whenthecomputerisoff,mainmemoryisempty.ROMcanberead,butnotbewritten.Whenthepoweristurnedoff,theinstructionsstoredinROMarenotlost.HarddiskdriveandUSBDiskarecommonkindsofthesecondarystorageunit.1.CPUThecentralprocessingunit(CPU)isthebrainofthecomputer.ThedesignoftheCPUaffectstheprocessingpowerandthespeedofthecomputeraswellastheamountofmainmemoryitcanuseeffectively.Unit2HardwareSection2:Reading3.InputdevicesThemostcommoninputdevicesarekeyboardandmouse.Thekeysonakeyboardletyouenterinformationandinstructionsintoacomputer.Amouseletsyouselectandmoveitemsonyourscreen.4.OutputdevicesThemostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitorandprinter.Amonitordisplaystextandimages.Aprinterproducesapapercopyofinformationdisplayedonthescreen.Theinkjetprinterandthelaserprinterarethetwocommonprintersatthecurrentcomputermarket.Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:Reading

WordsandExpressionscomponent[kəm'pəʊnənt] n.成分；零件adj.组成的Hardware['hɑːdweə] n.硬件software['sɒf(t)weə] n.软件desktop[ˈdesktɒp] adj.桌面的modem[ˈməʊdem] n.调制解调器Image[ˈɪmɪdʒ] n.图像keyboard[ˈki:bɔ:d] n.键盘mouse[maʊs] n.鼠标cabinet[ˈkæbɪnət] n.机箱；柜子Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:Reading

WordsandExpressionscategory[ˈkætəgəri] n.种类；类别storage[ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ] n.存储器compose[kəmˈpəʊz] v.由构成random[ˈrændəm] adj.随便的；任意的access[ˈækses] n.调取；存取sophistication[səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn] n.复杂程度monitor[ˈmɒnɪtə(r)] n.显示器effective[ɪˈfektɪv] adj.有效的；生效的

Unit2HardwareSection2:Reading

BasicTechnicalTermsdesktopcomputer 台式计算机faxmachine 传真机displayscreen 显示屏CPU（CentralProcessingUnit）

中央处理器outputdevice 输出设备inputdevice 输入设备mainmemory 主存secondary/auxiliarystorage 辅助存储器RAM(RandomAccessMemory) 随机存储器ROM（Read-onlyMemory）

只读存储器USB(UniversalSerialBus)Disk U盘Unit2HardwareSection2:Reading

Completethefollowingsentencesaccordingthepassage.1.Thefourcategoriesofcomputerhardwareare________,_________________,_______________,_______________.2.AwelldesignedCPUmakesthecomputerhavestrongprocessing__________,highprocessing___________andusestheamountofmain_________effectively.3.Adisplayscreenknownasthebasic_______________,andakeyboardusuallytogetherwithamouseasthebasic_________________.4.Thebrainofcomputeris__________.5.Whenthecomputerisoff,___________________isempty.6.Instructionanddataarestoredin_______.CPUstoragedevicesinputdevicesoutputdevicespowerspeedmemoryoutputdeviceinputdevicesCPUthemainmemoryROMUnit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsComputerhardware：计算机硬件，它是指计算机系统中由电子，机械和光电元件等组成的各种物理装置的总称。从外观上来看，计算机由主机箱和外部设备组成。主机箱内主要包括CPU、内存、主板、硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、各种扩展卡、连接线、电源等；外部设备包括鼠标、键盘等。Unit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsCPU(CentralProcessingUnit)：中央处理器，它是一块超大规模的集成电路，是一台计算机的运算核心（Core）和控制核心（ControlUnit）。它的功能主要是解释计算机指令以及处理计算机软件中的数据。中央处理器主要包括运算器（算术逻辑运算单元，ALU，ArithmeticLogicUnit）和高速缓冲存储器（Cache）及实现它们之间联系的数据（Data）、控制及状态的总线（Bus）。它与内部存储器（Memory）和输入/输出（I/O）设备合称为电子计算机三大核心部件。Unit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsMemory：存储器，它是现代信息技术中用于保存信息的记忆设备。计算机中全部信息，包括输入的原始数据、计算机程序、中间运行结果和最终运行结果都保存在存储器中。它根据控制器指定的位置存入和取出信息。存储器有若干个不同的类型：随机存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)等。Unit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsBus:

总线，它是计算机各种功能部件之间传送信息的公共通信干线，按照计算机所传输的信息种类，计算机的总线可以划分为数据总线、地址总线和控制总线，分别用来传输数据、数据地址和控制信号。信息可以从多个源部件中的任何一个经总线传送到多个目标部件中的任意一个。Unit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsIBM（InternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation）：即国际商业机器公司，1911年创立于美国。该公司创立时的主要业务为商业打字机，之后转为文字处理机，然后到计算机和有关服务。在过去的百年里，IBM始终以超前的技术、出色的管理和独树一帜的产品领先全球信息产业的发展。Unit2HardwareSection3:ComputerTermsENIAC(ElectronicNumericalIntegratorAndComputer):埃尼阿克，即电子数字积分计算机，是世界上第一台现代通用计算机，诞生于1946年2月14日的美国宾夕法尼亚大学。虽然ENIAC体积庞大，耗电惊人，运算速度不过几千次，但它比当时已有的计算装置要快1000倍，而且还有按事先编好的程序自动执行算术运算、逻辑运算和存储数据的功能。ENIAC宣告了一个新时代的开始。Unit2HardwareSection4:Exercises

I.Thefollowingpicturesshowsomehardwareofcomputer.Pleaselabelthepictureswiththegivenwordsandphrases.mouse__________ CPU_________ motherboard_________printer________ keyboard__________graphiccard_________memory_________ harddisk_________monitor__________iPod__________G

J

CH

EB

I

ADF

Unit2HardwareSection4:ExercisesII.Fillintheblankswithsomeoftheabovementionedwordsandphrases.Computerhardwareconsistsof:1.Inputdevice:_____________isoneofthecommoninputdevices.2.Processorunit:Itisdividedinto________________andmainmemory.3.Outputdevice:____________and____________arethetwomostcommonlyusedoutputdevices.4.Auxiliarystorageunit:Thecommonauxiliarystoragedevicesare________________andaharddiskdrive.Mouse/KeyboardCPUMonitorprinterIPodUnit2HardwareSection4:ExercisesIII.Puttheverbsinthepassageintocorrecttenses:Somepeople________(say)thatweliveintheageofcomputers,butit________(be)alsocorrectlydescribedastheatomicageorthespaceage.Today,ajourneyfromLondontoCairo________(take)hours.Onlyahundredyearsagoit________(take)weeks.Today,men________(think)seriouslyofgoingtoMars.Fiftyyearsagotheyonly________(dream)aboutit.Today,we________(produce)energybysplittingtheatom.Acenturyago,noone________(believe)itcouldbe________(split).Technology________(advance)soquicklythatcarsandtelevisions________(be)outofdateonlyafewyearsafterthey________(be)made.sayistakestookthinkdreamedproducedbelievedsplitadvanceswereareUnit2HardwareSection4:Exercises

IV.Abilitytoexplore()1.Thereisanotebookcomputerinanoffice,whichworksnormally,butitcannotsurftheweb,thepossiblecauseis________.A.networkcardfailureB.incorrectsoftwaresettingC.operatingsystemfailure D.networkcardfailureorincorrectsoftwaresetting()2.Inordertoreduceyourcomputer’spowerconsumptiononahotsummerdays,whatkindsofwayscanweusetokeepyourcomputercool__