初中被动语态讲解

被动语态ThePassiveVoiceCindy

英语动词有两种语态：

主动语态

(theActiveVoice)

被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishis

spoken

by

us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态They

cleaned

theclassroomyesterday.

昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroom

wascleaned

by

them

yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。1.一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词3.现在/过去完成时：has/have/had

+been+及物动词的过去分词4.一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去分词5.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词6.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面找一找规律(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+过去分词(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化:[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.

A.speaks

B.isspoken

C.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+PP[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.

A.wasfound

B.isfound

C.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+PP[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.

A.willsendup

B.willbesentup

C.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will+be+PP主语+begoingto+be+PP[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.

A.havebuilt

B.werebuilt

C.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+PP[5].Flowers____everyday.

A.hasbeenwatered

B.shouldbewatered

C.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP(四)主动语态变被动语态:(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：

They

make

thebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethemby主变被步骤:1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语)He

washed

hiscaryesterday.

Hiscar3.判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.

be4.判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词

washed5.修改原句的主语:即by+主语(变宾格).

(byhim)

yesterday.iswaswas1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

2.She

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

3.He

cleans

theclassroomeveryday.

TheclassroomwasbrokenbyTom.werebrokenbyher.iscleanedbyhimbe动词的单复数变化:everyday.

1.Theywill

finishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashow

tomorrow.Ashowisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.1.Amycantakegoodcareofthecat．Thecatcanbetakengoodcare

ofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung

(四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:

1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheard

tosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmade

towork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseen

towalktoschool.Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被动语态的动词：

(表示主语的自然属性特征)

+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed6.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseenCorrectingmistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelast