兰州旅游景区公示语翻译现状及对策

CurrentSituationandCountermeasuresofTranslationofPublicSignsinLanzhou’sTouristAttractions1Introduction1.1ResearchBackgroundInrecentyears,Lanzhou,akeycityalongtheSilkRoadEconomicBelt,hascontinuouslyattractedanincreasingnumberofdomesticandinternationaltouristswithitsuniquehistoricalandculturalheritageandabundanttourismresources.Asthetourismindustrythrives,drivenbythecontinuousimprovementoftourismpoliciesandthesteadyrecoveryofthesector,therearehigherdemandsforshapingthecity’simageandenhancingitsculturaldisseminationefficiency.English,asagloballanguage,playsanindispensableroleinbridgingLanzhou’slocalcontextandinternationalvisitors—itservesnotonlyasatoolforconveyingtourisminformationbutalsoasavitalchannelforpresentingthecity’sculturalidentitytotheworld.However,despitethegrowinginternationalizationofLanzhou’stourismindustry,on-siteinvestigationsbyscholarshaverevealedthatthetranslationofpublicsignsintouristattractionshasnotreceivedsufficientattention.Commonissuesincludeproblemsatthelinguistic,cultural,andpragmaticlevels.Currentresearchonthistopicremainssignificantlyinsufficient,withveryfewstudiesconductingsystematicanalysesoftheaccuracyandculturalappropriatenessofpublicsigntranslationsorprovidingpracticalsolutions.Againstthisbackdrop,thispaperaimstoidentifythecoreissuesintheEnglishtranslationofpublicsignsatLanzhou’stouristsitesthroughdetailedcaseanalysesandcomparativestudies.Bydiagnosingproblemssuchassemanticerrors,pragmaticfailures,andsyntacticinconsistencies,itseekstoproposeevidence-basedstrategies—suchassimplification,rewriting,andomissionstrategies—topromotetheestablishmentofstandardizedtranslationnorms.Asthecity’s“culturalcallingcard”,high-qualitypublicsigntranslationsarecrucial:theynotonlyenhancetourists’travelexperiencesandtheirunderstandingofLanzhoubutalsohelpthecityintegrateintoglobalculturalexchangesundertheBeltandRoadInitiative.1.2ResearchSignificanceInthecontextoftheintegrationofcultureandtourism,translatingpublicsignsintouristattractionsholdsgreatsignificance.Asabridgebetweentouristattractionsandvisitors,thesenoticesaretaskedwithconveyinginformation,guidingvisitors,andofferingservices.GiventhatEnglishisakeytoolforinternationalcommunication,itsroleinsuchtranslationsisindispensable.AccurateandclearEnglishtranslationscanhelpinternationalvisitorsbetterunderstandthecharacteristicsandrulesofscenicspots,enhancingtheirexperience.High-qualitytranslationsalsoboosttheinternationalinfluenceofscenicspots,attractmoreforeignvisitors,andpromotetheintegrationofcultureandtourism.Thus,translatingpublicsignsintouristattractionsintoEnglishisnotmerelyatechnicaljobbutalsoasignificantculturaldisseminationandexchangetask.Itplaysanimportantroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofthetourismindustryandadvancingtheintegrationofcultureandtourism.2LiteratureReview2.1StatusQuoofOverseasResearchThetranslationofpublicsignsfirstemergedasalanguageservicepracticeintheWest,butitdidnotformasystematictheoreticalstudy.Withtheincreasingfrequencyofinternationalexchanges,theroleofpublicsignsincross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomeprominent,andWesternscholarsbegantoconductsystematicresearchonit.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthe1950sto1970swastheperiodwhentheresearchonthetranslationofpublicsignsgraduallyrose.Asearlyas1959,scholarsVinayandDarbelnebegantheirresearchonpublicsigns,andpublishedComparativeLinguisticsandTranslation,incorporatingtranslationstudiesintothefieldoflinguistics.Theirtheorieshavehadadirectimpactonthetranslationofpublicsigns,layingthefoundationforthestandardizationanddiversificationofpublicsigntranslation,andenablingtranslatorstochooseappropriatetranslationmethodsbasedondifferentscenariosandneeds.Withthedeepeningofglobalization,thedemandforEnglishtranslationofpublicsignsintouristareasisgrowing,whichdirectlyaffectstheirtravelexperienceandtheinternationalimageofthetouristareas.Inforeignresearch,scholarsnotonlyfocusonthelinguisticaccuracyofpublicsignsbutalsoemphasizetheimpactofculturaldifferencesontranslation.TheAmericanlinguistEugenA.Nida(1969)proposedtheFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.Accordingtothistheory,inthetranslationofpublicsigns,thetranslatorisrequiredtoreconstructtheoriginaltextbasedontheculturalbackgroundandpragmatichabitsofthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcanachievethesamefunctionastheoriginaltext.Atthesametime,foreignresearchalsopaysattentiontothecross-culturalcommunicationfunctionofpublicsigns,believingthatgoodtourismpublicsignsshouldconsidertheculturalbackgroundandneedsofreadersandprovidepersonalizedservicesusingtheprincipleofpoliteness.Forinstance,thewesterntranslationscholarPeterNewmark(1981)proposedthetheoryofcommunicativetranslation.Thistheoryfocusesonmakingthetranslatedtextproducethesameeffectinthetargetlanguagecultureastheoriginaltextdidinthesourcelanguageculture.Inthetranslationofpublicsignsattouristattractions,byapplyingthemethodofcommunicativetranslation,thetranslatedtextcanbetterconformtotheculturalhabitsandreadingexpectationsofthetargetlanguagereaders,therebyachievingeffectivecross-culturalcommunication.Althoughitdiffersfromthewidelystudiedliterarytranslationinbothdomesticandinternationalcontexts,thetranslationofpublicsignshasnotreceivedextensiveresearchabroad.Therearefewpapersorbookswrittenbyforeignresearchersorscholars.However,theseresearchresultsarestillofgreatsignificanceforenhancingtheinternationalserviceleveloftouristareasandprotectinganddisseminatingculturalheritage.2.2StatusQuoofDomesticResearchDaiZongxian(2017)definedpublicsignsas“textualandgraphicalinformationdisplayedtothepublic,addressingmatterscloselyrelatedtopeople’slives,production,survival,ecology,andlivelihoods”.Thesenotices,typicallyonsigns,useconcisetext,simplegraphics,oracombinationofboth,tomeetaudienceneedsorattractattention.Withinashorttime,theycaninformvisitorsaboutthesiteandprovideessentialinformation.InChina,thestudyofpublicsignstranslationcanbetracedbacktothe1980s,butatthattimetheresearchwasratherscatteredanddidnotformasystematicframework.In1998,scholarHeZiraneditedtheCollectionofPapersonSocialPragmaticConstruction,exploringtheEnglish-Chinesetranslationofpublicsignsfromtheperspectiveofpragmaticsanddiscussingcommonpragmaticerrors.ThiswasoneoftheearlierachievementsinChinathatfocusedonthetranslationofpublicsignsfromChinesetoEnglish.Inthesameyear,NiChuibanandLiuZhialsopublishedanarticleontheprinciplesoftranslatingmarkersinShanghaiScienceandTechnologyTranslation,whichsparkedmorescholars’attentionandresearchonthetranslationofpublicsigns.Itwasnotuntil2005whenBeijingInternationalStudiesUniversitysuccessfullyheldthefirstnationalsymposiumonpublicsignstranslationthattheresearchonChinese-EnglishtranslationofpublicsignsinChinawasgreatlypromoted.Andthen,thetranslationstudyofpublicsignsintouristareashasgraduallygainedtheattentionoftheacademiccommunity.Researchershaveexploredthecurrentsituation,problems,andsolutionsofpublicnoticetranslationfromvariousperspectives.ProfessorHuGengshen(2001)wasthefirsttoproposethe“TranslationAdaptationSelectionTheory”.Basedonthis,theresearchonecologicaltranslationstudiesbegantodeveloprapidly.Histheoryprovidesanewperspectiveandmethodforthetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicareas.Andthen,LuoXuanmin(2006)proposedthatthetranslationofpublicsignsisaseriousissue,emphasizingtheimportanceofstrengtheningresearchonthetranslationofpublicsignsandtakingeffectivemeasurestoimprovethelanguageenvironmentandthequalityofpublicsigntranslation.Hisviewpointhasdrawnsignificantattentionfromboththeacademicandindustrialcirclestotheissueofpublicsigntranslation,encouragingmorepeopletoengageinrelatedresearchandpractice,andpromotingthefurtherdevelopmentofpublicsigntranslationstudies.Additionally,Researchers,throughcaseanalysis,haveexploredtheproblemsintheEnglishtranslationofpublicsignsintouristattractionsandproposedcorrespondingsolutions.Forexample,ProfessorMeijuanSheng(2020)emphasizedthattranslationisnotjustaconversionoftextbutacommunicativeactivitythatrequiresthecorrectconceptastheoreticalguidance.Thisviewprovidesanewtheoreticalperspectiveforthetranslationofpublicsignsintouristareas,emphasizingthecommunicativenessandculturaladaptabilityinthetranslationprocess.YanSong(2021)andNaidanZhang(2021)usedSkopostheorytostudythepragmaticfailuresinpublicsignsoftouristattractionsandgivetheirviews,whichprovidesagoodtheoreticalhelpforthisstudy.And,LeyiXia(2023)talkedaboutthecurrentsituationandstrategyoftranslatingpublicsignsinTibettouristattractions,whichhasadvantagesanddisadvantages,andmadesuggestionsbyusingtextanalysisandothermethods.YanXue(2024)conductedacriticalanalysisoftheEnglishtranslationofpublicsignsintheHuangshanScenicArea,pointingoutthattheaccuracyofpublicnoticetranslationhasanimportantimpactonthetourists'travelexperienceandtheinternationalimageofthescenicarea.Theseresearchresultsdemonstratethatdomestictranslationscholarsaremakingeffortstoenhancethequalityoftranslations,makingthemmoreaccurateandeasiertounderstand,andpromotingthetransmissionandexchangeofcultures,therebyfacilitatingthedevelopmentofdomestictourismandenhancingtheimageofdomestictouristattractions.3CurrentSituationandAnalysisofTranslationofPublicSignsinLanzhou’sTouristAttractions3.1CurrentSituationDuetothevigorousdevelopmentofLanzhou’stourismindustryandtheincreasinglyprominentimportanceofthetranslationofpublicsignsintouristattractions,ithasattractedtheattentionofmanyscholarsandtranslators.However,throughon-siteinvestigationsandliteratureresearch,ithasbeenfoundthattherearestillmanyproblemsinthecurrenttranslationofpublicsignsinLanzhou'stouristattractions.Throughon-sitevisitstomultiplescenicspotssuchasWuquanMountainParkandZhongshanBridge,combinedwithexistingresearchresults,theauthorhassummarizedthatthetranslationerrorsofpublicsignsinLanzhou'stouristattractionsmainlyfocusonthefollowingthreeaspects:first,translationerrorsatthesemanticlevel;second,translationerrorsatthepragmaticlevel;third,translationerrorsatthesyntacticlevel.Thispaperwillconductin-depthanalysesofthesetranslationerrorsincombinationwithspecificcasesandproposesometranslationstrategies.Inaddition,theauthoralsoprovidesreferencetranslationsfortypicalerrors,aimingtoimprovethetranslationqualityofpublicsignsinLanzhou'stouristattractionsandcontributetotheinternationaldisseminationofthecity’simage.Meanwhile,itishopedthatitcanarousetheattentionofallsectorsofsocietytothetranslationworkofpublicsigns.3.2AnalysisofTranslationProblemsTherootoftheissuesinpublicsigntranslationliesintheinterplayofvariousfactors.Linguisticandculturalproblemsoftenstemfromsemanticerrors,pragmaticerrors,andsyntacticerrors.Thedeficienciesatthemanageriallevelarecloselyrelatedtothelackofunifiedstandards,incompletesupervisionmechanisms,andpoorinter-departmentalcollaboration.TheexistenceoftheseproblemsnotonlyaffectsthequalityofpublicsigntranslationbutalsoreflectsthesystemicchallengesfacedbyLanzhou'stouristattractionsintheirinternationaldevelopment.3.2.1SemanticErrorsofTranslationInthetranslationofpublicsignsintouristattractions,translatorsmayhavechoseninaccurateorinappropriatewords.Thismayresultinthetranslationdeviatingfromtheoriginalmeaningorfailingtoaccuratelyconveytheinformationinthesourcelanguage.Translatorsmayencounterpolysemyofwords,orfinditdifficulttofindthecorrespondingtargetlanguagewordsthatmatchthesourcelanguage.Theymaynothavefullyconsideredthelanguagehabitsandculturalbackgroundofthetargetaudienceandchosenwordsthatarenotcommonlyusedorinappropriateinthetargetlanguage.Theproblemofinappropriatevocabularyselectionmayleadtothelackofaccuracyandfluencyinthetranslationresult,therebyaffectingtheeffectivenessofinformationtransmissionandreception.[Example1][OriginalChinese]坐稳扶好[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]SEATSTEADLY,HOLDWELL.[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Pleasesitfirmlyandholdon.ThisrigidtranslationnotonlydoesnotconformtotheconcisenessofEnglishpublicsignsbutalsolacksaneffectivesafetypromptforpassengers.Theexpression“Seatsteadily”isnotinlinewithEnglishusage.When“seat”isusedasaverb,itscommonusageis“seatoneself”,whichmeans“tomakeoneselfsitdown”.“Holdwell”isambiguousandfailstoaccuratelyconveythemeaningof“hold(handles,etc.)firmly”.[Example2][OriginalChinese]欢迎光临,祝您旅途愉快![IncorrectEnglishtranslation]Welcometovisit,wishyouapleasantjourney!Happyjourney![CorrectEnglishtranslation]Welcome!Wishyouapleasantjourney!Thesentencestructureischaotic.“welcometovisit”isunclearinmeaning.Thecommonusageof“welcome”is“welcometo+place”,whichmeans“welcometoacertainplace”.Theexpression“welcometovisit”doesnotconformtotheusagehabit.Moreover,therearenoconjunctionsbetweenseveralparts,andthereisnocorrectgrammaticalstructuretoconnectthemintoacompleteandsmoothsentence.[Example3][OriginalChinese]黄河古象厅[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]SkeletonofGiantElephant[CorrectEnglishtranslation]AncientElephantoftheYellowRiverHallFirstly,“SkeletonofGiantElephant”issimplytranslatedas“ExhibitionofGiantElephant”,completelylackingthekeyinformationof“ancient”.Theword“ancient”inChineseclearlyindicatesthatthiselephantisanancientcreature,whichhashistoricalandarchaeologicalvalue,buttheoriginaltranslationfailstoconveythisdimensionoftimeandculturalconnotation.Secondly,asaspecificgeographicalidentifier,“theYellowRiver”isnotreflectedintheoriginaltranslation.[Example4][OriginalChinese]恐龙展厅[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]SkeletonofGiantDinosaur[CorrectEnglishtranslation]DinosaurExhibitionHallTheoriginaltranslation“SkeletonofGiantDinosaur”hasissuesofredundantwordusageandinaccurateexpression.Firstly,theword“Giant”means“huge”or“gigantic”.Inthecontextofthe“DinosaurExhibitionHall”,thereisnoclearindicationthattheexhibitiononlyshowcasesgiantdinosaurs.Usingtheword“Giant”maymisleadtheaudienceintothinkingthatallthedinosaursintheexhibitionhallareofhugesize.Infact,thereisawidevarietyofdinosaurs,varyinginsize.Theuseof“Giant”restrictsthescopeoftheexhibitioncontent,whichdoesnotconformtotheactualsituation.图SEQ图\*ARABIC1甘肃省博物馆指引牌（1）[Example5][OriginalChinese]古生物化石展[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]FossilExhibition[CorrectEnglishtranslation]PaleontologicalFossilExhibitionTheoriginaltranslation“FossilExhibition”suffersfromincompleteinformationdeliveryandsemanticambiguity.Fromalexicalperspective,theterm“fossil”inEnglishisageneraltermthatencompassesanextremelywiderangeofobjects.Itcanrefertofossilsofplants,microorganisms,andeventhoseofmodernorganismsformedunderspecialcircumstances.Incontrast,“Paleontological”isaprofessionalEnglishtermthatpreciselycorrespondstotheChinesephrase“古生物”,denotingancientorganismsfromgeologicalhistory.Bykeeping“Fossil”unchanged,thetranslationclearlyidentifiestheobjectsondisplay,while“Exhibition”indicatesthenatureoftheevent.Onlybycombiningthesethreeelementsinto“PaleontologicalFossilExhibition”canthetranslationfullyandclearlyconveythecorecontentoftheexhibition,whichfocusesonfossilsofancientorganisms.Thisformulationensuresthattheuniquethemeandspecializednatureoftheexhibitionareaccuratelycommunicatedtotheaudience.图SEQ图\*ARABIC2甘肃省博物馆指引牌（2）3.2.2PragmaticErrorsofTranslationInthetranslationofpublicsignsinLanzhoutouristattractions,pragmaticissuesatthelinguisticlevelaremainlymanifestedintheuseofharshtones,theabsenceofpoliteexpressions,andafailuretoconformtotheculturalnormsofthetargetlanguage.Theseissuesdirectlyaffecttheexperienceofinternationaltouristsandtheimageofthecity.Sometranslationsofpublicsignsdirectlyemployimperativesentencesorcommandingexpressions,neglectingtheuseofmorepoliteandindirecttonesinEnglish.[example6][OriginalChinese]千佛阁[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]ThousandGoddness[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Thousand-BuddhaPavilionIntheparkofWuqhanMountaininLanzhou,asignboardmistakenlytranslated“千佛”as“ThousandGoddness”,whichnotonlyhasaspellingerrorbutalsofundamentallymisinterpretstheoriginalChinesemeaning.Moreover.“Goddness”isawrongspellingof“Goddess”,andthiswordiscompletelyinconsistentwiththeconceptof“佛”inChinese.Therefore，neither“God”nor“Goddess”issuitablefortheEnglishtranslationof“千佛阁”.“千佛阁”referstoahallwherenumerousBuddhastatuesareenshrined，and“千佛”meansnumerousBuddhastatues,usuallyreferringtonumerousBuddhaorBodhisattvaimagesinBuddhism,ratherthangoddessesorothersingledeities.Additionally,theEnglishtranslationofthesignboardomitstheimportantinformationof“阁”,whichreferstoamulti-storeybuildingstructure.Suchmistranslatedpublicsignsinscenicspotsmaycauseunnecessarytroubleforforeigntourists.[Example7][OriginalChinese]游客止步[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]TouristsStop[CorrectEnglishtranslation]StaffOnlyFromtheperspectiveoftheomissionstrategy,thecoremeaningof“游客止步”istoprohibittouristsfromenteringaspecificarea.Thereisnoneedtotranslate“游客”and“止步”literally.“StaffOnly”,“AuthorizedPersonnelOnly”,and“NoAdmittanceforTourists”aremoreinlinewiththeexpressionhabitsofEnglishpublicsigns.Theyconciselyandclearlyconveythemeaningofprohibitingtouristsfromentering,applyingtheomissionstrategybyomittingunnecessaryredundantexpressionstomaketheinformationconveyedmoreaccuratelyandefficiently.图SEQ图\*ARABIC3五泉山[Example8][OriginalChinese]请勿触摸文明观赏[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]DONOTTOUCHCIVILIZEDVIEWING[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Donottouch.Viewwithcivility.Theoriginaltranslation“DONOTTOUCHCIVILIZEDVIEWING”isproblematic.Itis“Chinglish”,crudelycombiningtwophraseswithoutfollowingEnglishgrammarandidiomaticusage.“CIVILIZEDVIEWING”isambiguousandfailstoconveytheimperativemoodof“Pleaseviewcivilly”.And,“civility”means“politeness;decorousbehavior”.“Viewwithcivility”preciselyexpresses“文明观赏”,whichismoreinlinewithEnglishidiomaticusagecomparedtousing“civilized”.图SEQ图\*ARABIC5黄河楼（1）[Example9][OriginalChinese]黄河记忆[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]YELLOWRIVERMEMORY[CorrectEnglishtranslation]MemoryoftheYellowRiverTheoriginaltranslationfailstoaccuratelyconveytheculturalconnotationsof“MemoryoftheYellowRiver”.Itismerelyasimplearrangementofwordswithoutreflectingthehistoricalandemotionalsignificanceitcarries.InEnglish,forthenamesofscenicspotsorexhibitionareas,“MemoryoftheYellowRiver”ismorecommonlyused,withthe“of”structuretoindicatethepossessiverelationship.Intheaspectofpragmatic,thisexpressionisconciseandeasyforforeigntouriststounderstand.Itcanbetterconveythememoriesandemotionsrelatedtothehistory,culture,andlifealongtheYellowRiver,meetingtheneedsofculturalexchangeanddisplay.图SEQ图\*ARABIC6黄河楼（2）[Example10][OriginalChinese]象皮鼓为元代末年一位印度僧人云游白塔山时所献，原物已毁于战火，此鼓为清朝后期仿制品。[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]TheelephantdrumwaspresentedbyanIndianmonkvisitingWhitePagodaMountaininthelateYuanDynastyanddestroyedbywar.ThiselephantdrumisanimitationinthelateQingDynasty.[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Theelephant-skindrumwaspresentedbyanIndianmonkwhowastravelingandvisitingWhitePagodaMountaininthelateYuanDynasty.Theoriginaldrumwasdestroyedinwar.ThisdrumisareproductionmadeinthelateQingDynasty.Inthesentence“TheelephantdrumwaspresentedbyanIndianmonkvisitingWhitePagodaMountaininthelateYuanDynastyanddestroyedbywar.”,thereisanambiguityinmodification.Thelogicalrelationshipof“anddestroyedbywar”withtheprecedingpartisnotclearenough,whichmayeasilyleadtothemisunderstandingthattheIndianmonkwasdestroyedbywar.Intheaspectofpragmatic,theexpressionisabitstiffanddoesnotconformwelltothenaturalandfluentEnglishexpressionhabits.Intermsofvocabulary,replace“imitation”with“reproduction”and“Reproduction”emphasizesmorethatitisacopyorreplicaoftheoriginalobject,expressingthemeaningmoreaccurately;add“skin”to“elephant-skindrum”tomakethemeaningof“elephant-skindrum”moreprecise.Therefore,throughadjustingthewordorderandexpressiontomakethetranslationmoreinlinewithEnglishnarrativeandexpressionhabits,andeasierforforeigntouriststounderstand.图SEQ图\*ARABIC7白塔山象皮鼓SomepoorEnglishtranslationscompletelyignoretheculturaldifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWest.TheChinesetextonsomenoticeboardsisquitecommontoChinesepeople,butitsEnglishtranslationfailstotakeintoaccountthedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesterncultures.Therefore,thistranslationnotonlyignorestheculturaldifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWestbutalsoaffectsChina’stourismimage.3.2.3SyntacticErrorsofTranslationSpellingandgrammaticalerrorsarecommontypesoftranslationmistakesinpublicsigns.InthetranslationofpublicsignsattouristattractionsinLanzhou,therearesomecasesofspellingmistakesofwords,incorrectuseofpunctuationmarks,errorsinsingularandpluralforms,andothergrammaticalerrors.[Example11][OriginalChinese]水深危险[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]Dangers!-deepwater[CorrectEnglishtranslation]DANGER:DeepWaterThepublicsigninYantanPark“水深危险”wastranslatedas“Dangers!deepwater”.Inthistranslation,thereisanerrorintheuseofsingularandpluralforms.Dangersshouldnothavean“s”attheend;moreover,accordingtotheEnglishWritingSpecificationsforPublicServices(Dai,2017),thispublicsignconsistsoftwoparts:awarningphraseandwarningcontent.helettersofthewarningphraseshouldallbecapitalizedtohighlightthewarningfunctionandattracttourists’attentionconspicuously.Forthewarningcontent,onlythefirstletterofeachwordneedstobecapitalized.Publicwarningmattersthatdirectlyconcernlifeandpropertysafetyshouldbetranslatedas“WARNING”or“DANGER”,andthespecificcontentofthewarningshouldbeplacedonthenextline.Accordingtothisspecification,thispublicsignshouldbetranslatedas“DANGER:DeepWater”.[Example12][OriginalChinese]保护环境，有你有我有他[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]Protecttheenvironment,haveyouhaveme,havehim[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Environmentalprotectionistheresponsibilityofusall.ThesloganbesideZhongshanBridge,“保护环境,有你有我有他”originallyaimstocallontouriststoenhancetheirawarenessofprotectingthescenicarea’senvironment,emphasizingtheconceptofcollectiveparticipationandsharedresponsibility.However,theEnglishversion“Protecttheenvironment,haveyouhaveme,havehim”isadirectword-for-wordtranslation,resultinginalackoffluencyinthelanguage,notconformingtoEnglishexpressionhabits,andthegrammaticalstructureisalsoincorrect.“Environmentalprotectionistheresponsibilityofusall.”directlystatesthat“Environmentalprotectionistheresponsibilityofallofus”whichisconciseandclear.[Example13][OriginalChinese]兰州水车直径16米左右，16对辐条由车轴向车缘辐射构成巨轮。[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]ThediameterofLanzhouWaterwheelisabout16meters.Thereare16pairsofspokesformagiantwheelbyradiatingfromtheaxleedge.[CorrectEnglishtranslation]TheLanzhouWaterwheelhasadiameterofabout16meters.Sixteenpairsofspokesradiatefromtheaxletotherim,formingagiantwheel.图SEQ图\*ARABIC8兰州水车博览园Intheincorrecttranslation,thephrase“Thereare16pairsofspokesform...”hasaproblemofsentence-structuremixing.“Thereare...”and“...form...”cannotbeusedsimultaneously.Inthecorrecttranslation,thepresentparticiple“forming”isusedasanadverbialofresult,whichclearlyexpressesthelogicalrelationship.[Example14][OriginalChinese]遵守公德，讲究卫生[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]OBSERVESOCIALMORALITY,PAYATTENTIONTOHYGIENE[CorrectEnglishtranslation]NoLitteringThisissimplyaliteraltranslationwithoutgraspingthetruemeaning.Infact,“Observesocialmoralityandpayattentiontohygiene”meansthattouristsshouldpayattentiontohygieneandnotlitterrandomly.Therefore,translatingitas“NoLittering”isreasonable.Thesameexamplesareasfollows:[Example15][OriginalChinese]用您的爱心呵护这片绿色[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]CHERISHTHEGREENWITHYOURCARE[CorrectEnglishtranslation]KeepoffthegrassInfact,translatingitas“Keepoffthegrass”canbetterreflecttheoriginalmeaningofnottramplingonthegrass.Ofcourse,itcanalsobetranslatedinto“pleasegivemeachancetogrow”.[Example16][OriginalChinese]岩壁危险，请勿靠近[IncorrectEnglishtranslation]CliffdangerousPleasedon’tcloseto[CorrectEnglishtranslation]Danger:Cl