人教版八年级上英语unit3知识点及习题

同学们，欢迎来到Unit3的学习巩固。这个单元我们主要围绕“人物比较”这一主题展开，核心语法点是形容词和副词的比较级与最高级。扎实掌握这部分内容，能让我们更精准地描述人和事物之间的差异。下面，我们就来系统梳理本单元的知识点，并通过习题加以巩固。一、核心词汇与短语本单元的词汇多与描述人物外貌、性格、能力等相关，同时也涉及到比较含义的词。**用法提示*：这些形容词是进行比较的基础，要能准确理解并运用它们来描述人。2.核心动词及短语：*begoodat(doingsth.)擅长于（做某事）*careabout关心；在意*makefriends(withsb.)（和某人）交朋友*bedifferentfrom与……不同*thesameas和……相同*aslongas只要；既然*bringout使显现；使表现出*reachfor伸手取*touchone'sheart触动某人的心弦*infact事实上；实际上*besimilarto与……相像的、类似的3.其他重要词汇：both,better,worse,loudly,quietly,which,though/although...二、重点句型解析1.询问及描述外貌/特征：*—Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?他/她长什么样？*—What'she/shelike?他/她是个什么样的人？（询问性格或内在品质）*—He/Sheisveryfriendlyandoutgoing.他/她非常友好且外向。2.比较级基本句型：*A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.*Example:TomistallerthanJim.汤姆比吉姆高。*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.*Example:Sherunsfasterthanme.她跑得比我快。*比较级前可以用much,alittle,alot,even等词修饰，表示程度。*Example:Thisstoryismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.这个故事比那个有趣得多。3.最高级基本句型：*A+be+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+in/of+范围.*Example:Heisthetallestboyinourclass.他是我们班最高的男孩。*A+实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+(名词)+in/of+范围.(副词最高级前的the常可省略)*Example:Shesings(the)bestinherschool.她在她们学校唱歌最好听。4.“as...as...”结构：表示“和……一样……”，用于同级比较。否定形式为“notas/so...as...”，表示“不如……”。*Example:Sheisasbeautifulashersister.她和她姐姐一样漂亮。*Example:Thisbookisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.这本书不如那本有趣。5.“thesameas”与“differentfrom”：*Example:Myhobbyisthesameasyours.我的爱好和你的一样。*Example:Hislifestyleisdifferentfrommine.他的生活方式和我的不同。6.关于“both”：*表示“两者都”，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。*Example:Theyarebothstudents.他们俩都是学生。*Example:Webothlikeplayingbasketball.我们俩都喜欢打篮球。三、语法焦点：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级这是本单元的重中之重，务必掌握其构成规则和基本用法。1.规则变化：*一般情况：直接加-er(比较级)/-est(最高级)。*tall→taller→tallest;fast→faster→fastest*以不发音的e结尾：加-r/-st。*nice→nicer→nicest;late→later→latest*以“辅音字母+y”结尾：变y为i，再加-er/-est。*happy→happier→happiest;early→earlier→earliest*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。*big→bigger→biggest;thin→thinner→thinnest;hot→hotter→hottest2.不规则变化：*good/well→better→best*bad/badly/ill→worse→worst*many/much→more→most*little→less→least*far→farther/further→farthest/furthest(farther/farthest多指距离；further/furthest可指距离，也可指程度“进一步”)*old→older/elder→oldest/eldest(older/oldest泛指年龄大；elder/eldest多用于兄弟姐妹间的长幼排序，后面常接名词)3.比较级和最高级的常用修饰语：*比较级前可用：much,alittle,alot,even,still,far等。*最高级前常用：the,oneofthe(oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”)。四、巩固练习I.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1.Mybrotherisveryo_______,helikesmakingfriends.2.—Whatdoesyournewteacherlooklike?3.Tomismoreh_______thanhisbrother,sohealwaysgetsbettergrades.5.Whoismoret_______inmusic,LilyorLucy?II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Thisstoryis_______(interesting)thanthatone.2.Mymotheristhe_______(busy)personinmyfamily.3.Heruns_______(fast)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.Soheisthe_______(fast).4.—Isyoursisteras_______(tall)asyou?—No,sheismuch_______(short)thanme.5.Whichis_______(big),thesunorthemoon?6.Shesings_______(beautifully)inourschool.7.IthinkEnglishis_______(difficult)thanmath,butit's_______(important)thanmath.8.Myfatheris_______(serious)thanmymother,butheisalso_______(kind).III.单项选择1.Myfriendis_______thanme.Healwaysmakesmelaugh.A.funnyB.funnierC.funniestD.thefunniest2.—Whois_______studentinyourclass?—IthinkTomis.Healwayshelpsothers.A.friendlyB.friendlierC.thefriendliestD.morefriendly3.Thisbookis_______thatone.Idon'tlikeeitherofthem.A.asinterestingasB.notsointerestingasC.moreinterestingthanD.lessinterestingthan4.Mysisteris_______me.Webothlikereading.A.sameasB.differentfromC.similartoD.assameas5.Heis_______inourschool.A.oneofthegoodstudentB.oneofthebeststudentsC.oneofthebeststudentD.oneofgoodstudents6.—Howdoyoulikethetwomovies?—Thefirstoneis_______thanthesecond.A.muchinterestingB.muchmoreinterestingC.veryinterestingD.themostinterestingIV.句型转换1.Tomistall.Jimistaller.(合并为一句)Jimis______________Tom.3.Thisredpenis5yuan.Thatbluepenis5yuan,too.(合并为一句)Thisredpenis_____________________thatbluepen.4.Herunsfast.Sherunsfaster.(合并为一句)Sheruns______________he.5.Mikeisthemosthard-workingstudentinhisclass.(改为同义句)Mikeis______________than______________studentinhisclass.V.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。MynameisLisa.Ihavetwogoodfriends,MaryandBetty.MaryandBettyaretwins,buttheyarequite__1__.Maryis__2__thanBetty.Shealwaystalksalot.Bettyis__3__.SheisquieterthanMary.Marylikessportsverymuch.Sheis__4__atplayingbasketballthanBetty.Bettyisgoodatplayingthepiano.Sheplaysit__5__thanMary.Insomewaystheyarethesame.__6__ofthemlikemusic.Theyoftenlistentomusictogether.Andtheyareboth__7__toothers.Sotheyhavemanyfriends.Ilikethemverymuch.1.A.thesameB.differentC.difficultD.friendly2.A.outgoingB.moreoutgoingC.mostoutgoingD.themostoutgoing3.A.differentB.outgoingC.seriousD.moreserious4.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well5.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best6.A.BothB.AllC.OneD.Neither7.A.kindB.kinderC.kindestD.thekindest五、参考答案及解析I.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1.outgoing(开朗的)3.hard-working(勤奋的)4.similar(相似的)5.talented(有天赋的)II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.moreinteresting(多音节词比较级加more)2.busiest(busy的最高级)3.faster,fastest(fast的比较级和最高级)4.tall,shorter(as...as中间用原级；than前用比较级)5.bigger(两者比较用比较级)6.themostbeautifully(副词最高级，修饰动词sing)7.moredifficult,moreimportant(多音节词比较级)8.moreserious,kinder(serious比较级加more；kind比较级加er)III.单项选择1.B(有than，用比较级funnier)2.C(inyourclass表示范围，用最高级，friendly的最高级是thefriendliest或themostfriendly)3.B(后句说两者都不喜欢，所以是这本不如那本有趣)